scholarly journals Biofabrication of Bacterial Constructs: New Three-Dimensional Biomaterials

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Shavandi ◽  
Esmat Jalalvandi
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Enormous Number ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

An enormous number of bacteria live in almost every environment; from deep oceans to below the surface of the earth or in our gastrointestinal tract. Although biofabrication is growing and maturing very quickly, the involvement of bacteria in this process has not been developed at a similar pace. From the development of a new generation of biomaterials to green bioremediation for the removal of hazardous environmental pollutants or to develop innovative food products in a recent trend, researchers have used cutting-edge biofabrication techniques to reveal the great potential of 3D structured bacterial constructs. These 3D bacterial workhouses may fundamentally change our approach toward biomaterials.

Pavement Damage Due to Conventional and New Generation of Wide-Base Super Single Tires

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Al-Qadi ◽  
M. A. Elseifi ◽  
P. J. Yoo ◽  
I. Janajreh
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
New Generation

Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify pavement damage due to a conventional (385/65R22.5) and a new generation of wide-base (445/50R22.5) tires using three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis. The investigated new generation of wide-base tires has wider treads and greater load-carrying capacity than the conventional wide-base tire. In addition, the contact patch is less sensitive to loading and is especially designed to operate at 690kPa inflation pressure at 121km/hr speed for full load of 151kN tandem axle. The developed FE models simulated the tread sizes and applicable contact pressure for each tread and utilized laboratory-measured pavement material properties. In addition, the models were calibrated and properly validated using field-measured stresses and strains. Comparison was established between the two wide-base tire types and the dual-tire assembly. Results indicated that the 445/50R22.5 wide-base tire would cause more fatigue damage, approximately the same rutting damage and less surface-initiated top-down cracking than the conventional dual-tire assembly. On the other hand, the conventional 385/65R22.5 wide-base tire, which was introduced more than two decades ago, caused the most damage.

Three dimensional graphene materials doped with heteroatoms for extraction and adsorption of environmental pollutants in wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-43
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Guo ◽  
Yufeng Feng ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Guihua Huang ◽  
Jinxin Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Three Dimensional

Ellagitannins, Gallotannins and their Metabolites- The Contribution to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Food Products and Medicinal Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4946-4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Kiss ◽  
Jakub P. Piwowarski
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of food products and medicinal plant materials containing hydrolysable tannins (HT) is nowadays rapidly increasing. Among various health effects attributable to the products of plant origin rich in gallotannins and/or ellagitannins the most often underlined is the beneficial influence on diseases possessing inflammatory background. Results of clinical, interventional and animal in vivo studies clearly indicate the antiinflammatory potential of HT-containing products, as well as pure ellagitannins and gallotannins. In recent years a great emphasis has been put on the consideration of metabolism and bioavailability of natural products during examination of their biological effects. Conducted in vivo and in vitro studies of polyphenols metabolism put a new light on this issue and indicate the gut microbiota to play a crucial role in the health effects following their oral administration. The aim of the review is to summarize the knowledge about HT-containing products’ phytochemistry and their anti-inflammatory effects together with discussion of the data about observed biological activities with regards to the current concepts on the HTs’ bioavailability and metabolism. Orally administered HT-containing products due to the limited bioavailability of ellagitannins and gallotannins can influence immune response at the level of gastrointestinal tract as well as express modulating effects on the gut microbiota composition. However, due to the chemical changes being a result of their transit through gastrointestinal tract, comprising of hydrolysis and gut microbiota metabolism, the activity of produced metabolites has to be taken into consideration. Studies regarding biological effects of the HTs’ metabolites, in particular urolithins, indicate their strong and structure-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, being observed at the concentrations, which fit the range of their established bioavailability. The impact of HTs on inflammatory processes has been well established on various in vivo and in vitro models, while influence of microbiota metabolites on silencing the immune response gives a new perspective on understanding anti-inflammatory effects attributed to HT containing products, especially their postulated effectiveness in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and cardiovascular diseases.

Lung morphometry: a new generation of tools and experiments for organ, tissue, cell, and molecular biology

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. L521-L548 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Bolender ◽  
D. M. Hyde ◽  
R. T. Dehoff
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
New Information ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Today all structural information of the lung can be quantified and interpreted in the three-dimensional space of real-world biology. Remarkable achievements in the theory and practice of biological stereology are creating a new generation of data suitable for constructing structural hierarchies. Such hierarchies serve to organize and link biological data, thereby providing a framework on which to build new information systems. In this review, we describe the new tools of quantitative morphology and show how they can be used to design new experiments for lung research.

scholarly journals Food fortification – a modern principle of the food industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
V.G. Kaishev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
New Generation

Aim. To analyze the scientific and technical literature and identify ways to create a new generation of mass-consumption food products enriched with vital nutrients. Discussion. The main malnutrition of the Russian population is the excess of caloric intake over an indicator of the level of energy consumption. One of the ways to solve this problem is the production of functional food products or enriched functional products. The essence of this is that only those micronutrients that are really in short supply should be used in the fortification of products. These should be products of mass consumption, and especially those that undergo refining, which results in the loss of micronutrients. The use of raw materials and ingredients only of natural (animal, vegetable, mineral) origin, allows you to create active complexes that qualitatively change the physiological properties of the product, and can affect many product characteristics and processes such as physico-chemical, structural-mechanical and organoleptic characteristics of the product, the processes of color formation, fermentation, oxidation, storage capacity. However, sometimes a strong passion for enriching the product with useful macro- and micronutrients affects the taste characteristics. Conclusion. When developing recipes and technologies for new-generation products, it is necessary that the enrichment of the product with important and necessary elements does not worsen the organoleptic characteristics. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the safety of products without compromising consumer properties. The diet should contain all the necessary nutrients (nutrients) for a person in sufficient quantities and balanced with each other in the most favorable proportions.

scholarly journals Oxidization resistance and sorption properties of oleogels as new-generation fatty systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
P.О. Nekrasov ◽  
◽  
N.A. Tkachenko ◽  
О.P. Nekrasov ◽  
О.M. Gudz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽  
New Generation

Fats as complex mixtures of acylglycerols with lipid and non-lipid substances are an integral part of human nutrition. The presence of acylglycerols of trans-isomers of fatty acids causes many cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. A promising approach to solving the problem of minimizing the content of these undesirable compounds in food recipes is to create a new generation of fat systems, oleogels, which are the subject of this study. High-oleic sunflower oil was used as a dispersion medium of oleogels, which allows obtaining systems with increased resistance to oxidation, as opposed to the oils of traditional kinds. Sunflower seed wax and tocopherols are chosen as a dispersed phase of these fatty systems. The choice of these components was based on their properties to create a three-dimensional structure in oleogels with specified thermomechanical characteristics. Currently, there is a lack of information on the influence of the content of the dispersed phase on the technological parameters of oleogels, namely oxidative resistance and sorption properties. The purpose of the presented work was to study these features of oleogels and establish their dependences on their composition. To solve this problem, the yield surface method is used in the work. The unknown values of the parameter vector were determined by using regression analysis algorithms. Deviation functionality was minimized by finding the appropriate combinations of the experimental series of predictors. A mathematical model was developed which allows predicting oxidative stability and sorption properties of oleogels based on the data on their composition. The suitable mass fractions of the components of the dispersed phase of oleogels have been determined as follows: tocopherol content is 0.10–0.14 wt.% and the sunflower seed wax content is 1.8–4.0 wt.%. The results obtained can serve as a scientific basis for the development of technology for the industrial production of oleogels as new generation fatty systems.

Online quality evaluation of tissue paper structure on new generation tissue machines

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka-Pekka Raunio ◽  
Tommi Löyttyniemi ◽  
Risto Ritala
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Tissue Paper ◽  
Paper Manufacturing ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Residual Variances ◽  
New Generation

Abstract At present, the tissue paper manufacturing is mostly based on the dry crepe technology. During the last decade, the manufacturers have introduced new tissue machines concepts that increase the softness, bulk, and absorption capacity. Such machines produce a strong regular three-dimensional (3D) structure to the sheet before the Yankee cylinder. At present, the quality of the 3D structure is not evaluated, or it is evaluated only subjectively at the mill. This is mostly because of the difficulties to separate reliably the regular 3D pattern from other variations. This paper introduces a frequency analysis based method which separates the surface profile variances in tissue paper to the creping, to the regular 3D pattern and to the residual variation. The 3D surface profiles and their variances were determined online with the photometric stereo method. We show that the introduced analysis method evaluates the variance portions reliably and the results are consistent with the visual perception of the 3D surfaces. In one particular product, the regular 3D pattern explains 74 % of total surface variance; the creping explains 10 % and residual variations 16 %. Furthermore, the creping and residual variances are quite stable over time whereas the variance of the regular 3D pattern fluctuates significantly.

scholarly journals The particle and magnetic environments surrounding close-in exoplanets

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (S320) ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
A. A. Vidotto ◽  
R. Fares ◽  
M. Jardine ◽  
C. Moutou ◽  
J.-F. Donati
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stellar Winds ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Hot Jupiters ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Host Stars

AbstractThe proper characterisation of stellar winds is essential for the study of propagation of eruptive events (flares, coronal mass ejections) and the study of space weather events on exoplanets. Here, we quantitatively investigate the nature of the stellar winds surrounding the hot Jupiters HD46375b, HD73256b, HD102195b, HD130322b, HD179949b. We simulate the three-dimensional winds of their host stars, in which we directly incorporate their observed surface magnetic fields. With that, we derive the wind properties at the position of the hot-Jupiters’ orbits (temperature, velocity, magnetic field intensity and pressure). We show that the exoplanets studied here are immersed in a local stellar wind that is much denser than the local conditions encountered around the solar system planets (e.g., 5 orders of magnitude denser than the conditions experienced by the Earth). The environment surrounding these exoplanets also differs in terms of dynamics (slower stellar winds, but higher Keplerian velocities) and ambient magnetic fields (2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than the interplanetary medium surrounding the Earth). The characterisation of the host star's wind is also crucial for the study of how the wind interacts with exoplanets. For example, we compute the exoplanetary radio emission that is released in the wind-exoplanet interaction. For the hot-Jupiters studied here, we find radio fluxes ranging from 0.02 to 0.13 mJy. These fluxes could become orders of magnitude higher when stellar eruptions impact exoplanets, increasing the potential of detecting exoplanetary radio emission.

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