scholarly journals Application of NiTi in Assistive and Rehabilitation Devices: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Nematollahi ◽  
Keyvan Safaei Baghbaderani ◽  
Amirhesam Amerinatanzi ◽  
Hashem Zamanian ◽  
Mohammad Elahinia
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Control Force ◽  
Biomedical Devices ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Sma Actuator ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have found widespread applications as biomedical devices. Biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and ductility make these alloys attractive for medical devices such as stents and filters. For these implants, the superelastic property is the primary function of SMAs. Additionally, these alloys, such as NiTi as the prime example, can be used for actuation. Several modes of actuation such as displacement control, force control, and compliance control have been used as harnesses with SMA devices. These two unique properties have opened another application in the form of neurosurgery and robot-assisted surgery devices, as well as controlled assistive and rehabilitation devices. This paper reviews the state of the art of application of SMAs in the latter category where control is applied to harness innovative medical devices. To this end, two major subsets of these devices: prosthesis and orthosis which take the advantage of SMAs in assistive and rehabilitation devices are studied. These devices are further categorized to hand prosthetics, elbow, knee and ankle orthotics. In most of these designs, SMA wires act as artificial muscles to mimic the motion of limbs in the target joints. The evolution of each category is explained, and the specific results of them are reported. The paper also reviews the SMA applications for neurological and neuromuscular rehabilitation. To this end, different categories of rehabilitation devices as a passive and aided exercise for the ankle, knee, and elbow are highlighted. The SMA actuator in these devices can be EMG-controlled to improved patient outcome. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the biomedical devices, this paper identifies several possible future directions of SMA related research in the area of assistive and rehabilitation devices.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation for the Therapeutic Delivery of Drugs, Live Mammalian and Bacterial Cells, and Other Biopharmaceutics: Current Status and Future Directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Tomaro-Duchesneau ◽  
Shyamali Saha ◽  
Meenakshi Malhotra ◽  
Imen Kahouli ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Delivery ◽  
Physical Chemical

Microencapsulation is a technology that has shown significant promise in biotherapeutics, and other applications. It has been proven useful in the immobilization of drugs, live mammalian and bacterial cells and other cells, and other biopharmaceutics molecules, as it can provide material structuration, protection of the enclosed product, and controlled release of the encapsulated contents, all of which can ensure efficient and safe therapeutic effects. This paper is a comprehensive review of microencapsulation and its latest developments in the field. It provides a comprehensive overview of the technology and primary goals of microencapsulation and discusses various processes and techniques involved in microencapsulation including physical, chemical, physicochemical, and other methods involved. It also summarizes the state-of-the-art successes of microencapsulation, specifically with regard to the encapsulation of microorganisms, mammalian cells, drugs, and other biopharmaceutics in various diseases. The limitations and future directions of microencapsulation technologies are also discussed.

Mass customization of medical devices and implants: state of the art and future directions

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Dalgarno ◽  
J. H. Pallari ◽  
J. Woodburn ◽  
K. Xiao ◽  
D. J. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals Big Data Challenges and Opportunities in Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
Maya Gopal P.S. ◽  
Bhargavi Renta Chintala
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Exciting Area

This article reviews various aspects of research concerning the background and state-of-the-art of big data in agriculture. This article focuses on data generation, storage, analysis and visualization in big data. In every phase, technical challenges and the latest advancement are discussed, and these discussions aim to provide a comprehensive overview and complete picture of this exciting area. This survey is concluded with a discussion on the application of big data in precision agriculture and its future directions.

scholarly journals Machine and Deep Learning Towards COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment: Survey, Challenges, and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Alafif
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Current State ◽  
Health Community ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have been widely used in our daily lives in a variety of ways with many effective stories. Also, they have been instrumental in tackling the Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic, which has been occurring around the world. The COVID-19 epidemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the world, leading to global outbreaks. Most governments, businesses, and scientific research institutions are taking part in the COVID-19 struggle to stem the spread of the disease. In this survey, we investigate the Artificial Intelligence (AI) based ML and DL towards COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment. In addition, we summarize the AI-based ML and DL methods and available datasets, resources, and results in the fight against COVID-19. This survey provides the ML and DL researchers and the wider health community a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art methodologies and applications with details of how ML and DL and data can improve the status of COVID-19, and further studies to stop the COVID-19 outbreak. Challenges and future directions details are also provided.

Effects of Psychotherapy on Brain Activation Patterns in Anxiety Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Straube
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Sample Characteristics

Abstract. Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for most mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. Successful psychotherapy implies new learning experiences and therefore neural alterations. With the increasing availability of functional neuroimaging methods, it has become possible to investigate psychotherapeutically induced neuronal plasticity across the whole brain in controlled studies. However, the detectable effects strongly depend on neuroscientific methods, experimental paradigms, analytical strategies, and sample characteristics. This article summarizes the state of the art, discusses current theoretical and methodological issues, and suggests future directions of the research on the neurobiology of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders.

Targeting Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Misfolding in Homocystinuria by Small Ligands: State of the Art and Future Directions

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 1455-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Majtan ◽  
Angel L. Pey ◽  
June Ereño-Orbea ◽  
Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz ◽  
Jan P. Kraus
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cystathionine Beta Synthase ◽  
Small Ligands

Digital Technology in Clinical Trials for Multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello De Angelis ◽  
Luigi Lavorgna ◽  
Antonio Carotenuto ◽  
Martina Petruzzo ◽  
Roberta Lanzillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Motor Rehabilitation ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Treatment Side Effects

BACKGROUND Clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS) have leveraged the use of digital technology to overcome limitations in treatment and disease monitoring. OBJECTIVE To review the use of digital technology in concluded and ongoing MS clinical trials. METHODS In March 2020, we searched for “multiple sclerosis” and “trial” on pubmed.gov and clinicaltrials.gov using “app”, “digital”, “electronic”, “internet” and “mobile” as additional search words, separately. Overall, we included thirty-five studies. RESULTS Digital technology is part of clinical trial interventions to deliver psychotherapy and motor rehabilitation, with exergames, e-training, and robot-assisted exercises. Also, digital technology has become increasingly used to standardise previously existing outcome measures, with automatic acquisitions, reduced inconsistencies, and improved detection of symptoms. Some trials have been developing new patient-centred outcome measures for the detection of symptoms and of treatment side effects and adherence. CONCLUSIONS We will discuss how digital technology has been changing MS clinical trial design, and possible future directions for MS and neurology research.

Poly(hydroxyurethane) Adhesives and Coatings: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Gomez-Lopez ◽  
Satyannarayana Panchireddy ◽  
Bruno Grignard ◽  
Inigo Calvo ◽  
Christine Jerome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Directions
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