scholarly journals Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Skin Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea da Fonseca Ferreira ◽  
Dawidson Assis Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Large Scale Production

Stem cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely studied because of their excellent therapeutic potential. EVs from different types of stem cell can improve vascularization as well as aid in the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The skin is a complex organ that is susceptible to various types of injury. Strategies designed to restore epithelial tissues’ integrity with stem cell EVs have shown promising results. Different populations of stem cell EVs are able to control inflammation, accelerate skin cell migration and proliferation, control wound scarring, improve angiogenesis, and even ameliorate signs of skin aging. However, large-scale production of such stem cell EVs for human therapy is still a challenge. This review focuses on recent studies that explore the potential of stem cell EVs in skin wound healing and skin rejuvenation, as well as challenges of their use in therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential of an Acellular Product

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Margherita Massa ◽  
Stefania Croce ◽  
Rita Campanelli ◽  
Carlotta Abbà ◽  
Elisa Lenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Signaling Receptors

In the last decade, the secreting activity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) has been widely investigated, due to its possible therapeutic role. In fact, MSCs release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing relevant biomolecules such as mRNAs, microRNAs, bioactive lipids, and signaling receptors, able to restore physiological conditions where regenerative or anti-inflammatory actions are needed. An actual advantage would come from the therapeutic use of EVs with respect to MSCs, avoiding the possible immune rejection, the lung entrapment, improving the safety, and allowing the crossing of biological barriers. A number of concerns still have to be solved regarding the mechanisms determining the beneficial effect of MSC-EVs, the possible alteration of their properties as a consequence of the isolation/purification methods, and/or the best approach for a large-scale production for clinical use. Most of the preclinical studies have been successful, reporting for MSC-EVs a protecting role in acute kidney injury following ischemia reperfusion, a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by reducing disease associated inflammation and fibrosis in lung and liver, and the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses in graft versus host disease (GVHD) as well as autoimmune diseases. However, the translation of MSC-EVs to the clinical stage is still at the initial phase. Herein, we discuss the therapeutic potential of an acellular product such as MSC derived EVs (MSC-EVs) in acute and chronic pathologies.

Large-scale production of murine embryonic stem cell-derived osteoblasts and chondrocytes on microcarriers in serum-free media

Biomaterials ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (26) ◽  
pp. 6006-6016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roz Alfred ◽  
Jaymi T. Taiani ◽  
Roman J. Krawetz ◽  
Akihiro Yamashita ◽  
Derrick E. Rancourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Murine Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Free Media

Chemistry and Biology of Farnesol and its Derivatives: Quorum Sensing Molecules with Immense Therapeutic Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 1937-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payal Gupta ◽  
Meenakshi Sharma ◽  
Neha Arora ◽  
Vikas Pruthi ◽  
Krishna Mohan Poluri
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Nano Formulation

Background: Farnesol is an acyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, endogenously synthesized via the ergosterol pathway. It is a quorum sensing molecule (QSM) that was first discovered in C. albicans, and is involved in the inhibition of hyphae formation. Methods: This review focuses on the comprehensive details of occurrence, chemical/biological synthesis of farnesol and its derivatives, and the factors involved in the regulation of their production. Further, the review also presents their cellular functions and diversified biomedical applications. Results: Large-scale production of farnesol can be achieved using chemical synthesis and metabolic engineering approach. Farnesol is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes including filamentation, biofilm development, drug efflux, and apoptosis, etc. Farnesol and its derivatives/ analogues have also been reported to exhibit anti-biofilm, anti-cancer, anti-tumor and fungicidal properties. The antimicrobial potential of farnesol has been enhanced by synergizing it with known antifungal drugs, and also through nano-formulation(s). Conclusion: Apart from its quorum sensing activity, farnesol can be used as an effective anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, ant-allergic, anti-cancerous, and anti-obesity agent.

scholarly journals Harnessing Pivotal Advances for Production and Structural Derivation of the Promising Molecule Ursolic Acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-ran Liu ◽  
Nadeem Ahmad ◽  
Bo Lv ◽  
Chun Li
Keyword(s):  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Significant Safety ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenoid ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Vast Range

Ursolic acid (UA) is a ursane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, naturally produced in plants via specialized metabolism and exhibits vast range of remarkable physiological activities and pharmacological manifestations. Owing to significant safety and efficacy in different medical conditions, UA may serve as a backbone to produce its derivatives with novel therapeutic functions. This review systematically provides an overview of the pharmacological activities, acquisition methods and structural modification methods of UA. In addition, we focused on the synthetic modifications of UA to yield its valuable derivatives with enhanced therapeutic potential. Furthermore, harnessing the essential advances for green synthesis of UA and its derivatives by advent of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are highlighted. In combination with the advantages of UA biosynthesis and transformation strategy, large-scale production and applications of UA is a promising platform for further exploration.

scholarly journals Enhancing Stem Cell Therapy for Cartilage Repair in Osteoarthritis—A Hydrogel Focused Approach

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Yisi Liu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yixuan Luo ◽  
Qianyi Liang ◽  
Yin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Tissue Site

Sem cells hold tremendous promise for the treatment of cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. In addition to their multipotency, stem cells possess immunomodulatory effects that can alleviate inflammation and enhance cartilage repair. However, the widely clinical application of stem cell therapy to cartilage repair and osteoarthritis has proven difficult due to challenges in large-scale production, viability maintenance in pathological tissue site and limited therapeutic biological activity. This review aims to provide a perspective from hydrogel-focused approach to address few key challenges in stem cell-based therapy for cartilage repair and highlight recent progress in advanced hydrogels, particularly microgels and dynamic hydrogels systems for improving stem cell survival, retention and regulation of stem cell fate. Finally, progress in hydrogel-assisted gene delivery and genome editing approaches for the development of next generation of stem cell therapy for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis are highlighted.

scholarly journals Highly potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 multi-DARPin therapeutic candidates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Walser ◽  
Sylvia Rothenberger ◽  
Daniel L. Hurdiss ◽  
Anja Schlegel ◽  
Valérie Calabro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Action Analysis

AbstractGlobally accessible therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. Here, we report the generation of the first anti-SARS-CoV-2 DARPin molecules with therapeutic potential as well as rapid large-scale production capabilities. Highly potent multi-DARPin molecules with low picomolar virus neutralization efficacies were generated by molecular linkage of three different mono-DARPin molecules. These multi-DARPin molecules target various domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby limiting possible viral escape. Cryo-EM analysis of individual mono-DARPin molecules provided structural explanations for the mode of action. Analysis of the protective efficacy of one multi-DARPin molecule in a hamster SARS-CoV-2 infection model demonstrated a significant reduction of pathogenesis. Taken together, the multi-DARPin molecules reported here, one of which is currently entering clinical studies, constitute promising therapeutics against the COVID-19 pandemic.

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