scholarly journals Preclinical Models of Pediatric Brain Tumors—Forging Ahead

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Dobson ◽  
Vidya Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Approximately five out of 100,000 children from 0 to 19 years old are diagnosed with a brain tumor. These children are treated with medication designed for adults that are highly toxic to a developing brain. Those that survive are at high risk for a lifetime of limited physical, psychological, and cognitive abilities. Despite much effort, not one drug exists that was designed specifically for pediatric patients. Stagnant government funding and the lack of economic incentives for the pharmaceutical industry greatly limits preclinical research and the development of clinically applicable pediatric brain tumor models. As more data are collected, the recognition of disease sub-groups based on molecular heterogeneity increases the need for designing specific models suitable for predictive drug screening. To overcome these challenges, preclinical approaches will need continual enhancement. In this review, we examine the advantages and shortcomings of in vitro and in vivo preclinical pediatric brain tumor models and explore potential solutions based on past, present, and future strategies for improving their clinical relevancy.

scholarly journals PCLN-05. A BIOBANK OF PATIENT-DERIVED MOLECULARLY CHARACTERIZED ORTHOTOPIC PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR MODELS FOR PRECLINICAL RESEARCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. i155-i155
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brabetz ◽  
Susanne N Groebner ◽  
Natalie Jaeger ◽  
Till Milde ◽  
Jonas Ecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Pediatric Brain

scholarly journals In Vivo and Ex Vivo Pediatric Brain Tumor Models: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqin Li ◽  
Sigrid A. Langhans
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
Pediatric Brain

After leukemia, tumors of the brain and spine are the second most common form of cancer in children. Despite advances in treatment, brain tumors remain a leading cause of death in pediatric cancer patients and survivors often suffer from life-long consequences of side effects of therapy. The 5-year survival rates, however, vary widely by tumor type, ranging from over 90% in more benign tumors to as low as 20% in the most aggressive forms such as glioblastoma. Even within historically defined tumor types such as medulloblastoma, molecular analysis identified biologically heterogeneous subgroups each with different genetic alterations, age of onset and prognosis. Besides molecularly driven patient stratification to tailor disease risk to therapy intensity, such a diversity demonstrates the need for more precise and disease-relevant pediatric brain cancer models for research and drug development. Here we give an overview of currently available in vitro and in vivo pediatric brain tumor models and discuss the opportunities that new technologies such as 3D cultures and organoids that can bridge limitations posed by the simplicity of monolayer cultures and the complexity of in vivo models, bring to accommodate better precision in drug development for pediatric brain tumors.

scholarly journals Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: current insights and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilakshan Srikanthan ◽  
Michael S. Taccone ◽  
Randy Van Ommeren ◽  
Joji Ishida ◽  
Stacey L. Krumholtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma ◽  
Pontine Glioma ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Landscape Models

AbstractDiffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric brain tumor and the leading cause of brain tumor–related death in children. As several clinical trials over the past few decades have led to no significant improvements in outcome, the current standard of care remains fractionated focal radiation. Due to the recent increase in stereotactic biopsies, tumor tissue availabilities have enabled our advancement of the genomic and molecular characterization of this lethal cancer. Several groups have identified key histone gene mutations, genetic drivers, and methylation changes in DIPG, providing us with new insights into DIPG tumorigenesis. Subsequently, there has been increased development of in vitro and in vivo models of DIPG which have the capacity to unveil novel therapies and strategies for drug delivery. This review outlines the clinical characteristics, genetic landscape, models, and current treatments and hopes to shed light on novel therapeutic avenues and challenges that remain.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for in vivo pediatric brain tumor detection

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 061709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chiang Lin ◽  
David I. Sandberg ◽  
Sanjiv Bhatia ◽  
Mahlon Johnson ◽  
Sanghoon Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Pediatric Brain

scholarly journals Inhibition of Heparanase in Pediatric Brain Tumor Cells Attenuates their Proliferation, Invasive Capacity, and In Vivo Tumor Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argyris Spyrou ◽  
Soumi Kundu ◽  
Lulu Haseeb ◽  
Di Yu ◽  
Tommie Olofsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumor Cells ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Therapeutic Analysis of in Vitro and in Vivo Brain Tumor Models

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Schuster ◽  
Henry S. Friedman ◽  
Darell D. Bigner
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Models
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