scholarly journals In Situ Measurement of Orthotropic Thermal Conductivity on Commercial Pouch Lithium-Ion Batteries with Thermoelectric Device

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Luigi Aiello ◽  
Georgi Kovachev ◽  
Bernhard Brunnsteiner ◽  
Martin Schwab ◽  
Gregor Gstrein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Thermoelectric Device ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Measurement Methodology

In this paper, the direct measurement of the orthotropic thermal conductivity on a commercial Li-ion pouch battery is presented. The samples under analysis are state-of-the art batteries obtained from a fully electric vehicle commercialized in 2016. The proposed methodology does not require a laboratory equipped to manage hazardous chemical substances as the battery does not need to be disassembled. The principle of the measurement methodology consists of forcing a thermal gradient on the battery along the desired direction and measuring the heat flux and temperature after the steady state condition has been reached. A thermoelectric device has been built in order to force the thermal gradient and keep it stable over a long period of time in order to be able to observe the temperatures in steady state condition. Aligned with other measurement methodologies, the results revealed that the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction (0.77 Wm−1K−1) is lower with respect to the other two directions (25.55 Wm−1K−1 and 25.74 Wm−1K−1) to about a factor ×35.

Continuous determination of the volume of a space in a non steady state condition

1974 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Oscar A. Gómez-Poviña ◽  
Carmen Sainz de Calatroni ◽  
Susana Orden de Puhl ◽  
Mariano J. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Continuous Determination

An Approach for Snaky Well Productivity under Steady-State Condition

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin Qi ◽  
Zhimin Du ◽  
Baosheng Liang ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Shouping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Well Productivity ◽  
Steady State Condition

VIBRATIONS OF THE CLOSED FRAME STRUCTURES IN A STEADY-STATE CONDITION

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Veronika Krutova ◽  
Besarion Meskhi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Gantry Cranes

The load-bearing frames of the technological machinery of various functional purposes, such as bridge and gantry cranes, locomotives, motor locomotives, etc., are energetically closed rod systems [1-10].

Modelling And Simulation of Topical Drug Diffusion in The Dermal Layer of Human Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Sudi Mungkasi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diffusion Problem ◽  
State Condition ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Drug Diffusion ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Proposed Model

We consider the problem of drug diffusion in the dermal layer of human body. Two existing mathematical models of the drug diffusion problem are recalled. We obtain that the existing models lead to inconsistent equations for the steady state condition. We also obtain that solutions to the existing models are unrealistic for some cases of the unsteady state condition, because negative drug concentrations occur due to the inappropriate assumption of the model. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a modified mathematical model, so that the model is consistent, and the solution is nonnegative for both steady and unsteady state conditions of the drug diffusion problem in the dermal layer of human body. For the steady state condition, the exact solution to the proposed model is given. For unsteady state condition, we use a finite difference method for solving the models numerically, where the discretisation is centred in space and forward in time. Simulation results confirm that our proposed model and method preserve the non-negativity of the solution to the problem, so the solution is more realistic than that of the old model.

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