scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Variability of Small Gas Impurities over Lake Baikal during the Forest Fires in the Summer of 2019

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Galina Zhamsueva ◽  
Alexander Zayakhanov ◽  
Vadim Tcydypov ◽  
Ayuna Dementeva ◽  
Tumen Balzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Lake Baikal—a unique ecosystem on a global scale—is undoubtedly of great interest for a comprehensive study of its ecosystem. In recent years, one of the most significant sources of atmospheric pollution in the Baikal region was the emission of smoke aerosol and trace gases from forest fires, the number of which is increasing in the region. The transport and accumulation of aerosol and small gas impurities over water area of Lake Baikal is observed every summer due to forest fires occurring in the boreal forests of Siberia. The atmosphere above the lake covers a huge area (31,500 km2) and is still a little-studied object. This article presents the results of experimental studies of ground-level ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere over Lake Baikal, carried out on a research vessel during the boreal forest fires in Siberia in the summer of 2019.

scholarly journals Studies of the Dispersed Composition of Atmospheric Aerosol and Its Relationship with Small Gas Impurities in the Near-Water Layer of Lake Baikal Based on the Results of Ship Measurements in the Summer of 2020

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Galina Zhamsueva ◽  
Alexander Zayakhanov ◽  
Tamara Khodzher ◽  
Vadim Tcydypov ◽  
Tumen Balzhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure ◽  
Vast Area

The atmosphere over Lake Baikal covers a vast area (31,500 square meters) and has more significant differences in the composition and variability of gaseous and aerosol components in atmospheric air than in coastal continental areas and is still a poorly studied object. In recent years, the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal has been increasing due to the development of industry in the region, the expansion of tourist infrastructure and recreational areas of the coastal zone of the lake. In addition, one of the significant sources of atmospheric pollution in the Baikal region is the emissions of smoke aerosol and trace gases from forest fires, the number of which is increasing in the region. This article presents the results of experimental studies of the dispersed composition of aerosols and gas impurities, such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides during route ship measurements in the water area of Lake Baikal in the summer of 2020.

scholarly journals Determining the Impact of Wildland Fires on Ground Level Ambient Ozone Levels in California

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cisneros ◽  
Haiganoush K. Preisler ◽  
Donald Schweizer ◽  
Hamed Gharibi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Smoke Plumes ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
The Impact

Wildland fire smoke is visible and detectable with remote sensing technology. Using this technology to assess ground level pollutants and the impacts to human health and exposure is more difficult. We found the presence of satellite derived smoke plumes for more than a couple of hours in the previous three days has significant impact on the chances of ground level ozone values exceeding the norm. While the magnitude of the impact will depend on characteristics of fires such as size, location, time in transport, or ozone precursors produced by the fire, we demonstrate that information on satellite derived smoke plumes together with site specific regression models provide useful information for supporting causal relationship between smoke from fire and ozone exceedances of the norm. Our results indicated that fire seasons increasing the median ozone level by 15 ppb. However, they seem to have little impact on the metric used for regulatory compliance, in particular at urban sites, except possibly during the 2008 forest fires in California.

scholarly journals A revised dry deposition scheme for land–atmosphere exchange of trace gases in ECHAM/MESSy v2.54

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-519
Author(s):  
Tamara Emmerichs ◽  
Astrid Kerkweg ◽  
Huug Ouwersloot ◽  
Silvano Fares ◽  
Ivan Mammarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Global Models ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

Abstract. Dry deposition to vegetation is a major sink of ground-level ozone and is responsible for about 20 % of the total tropospheric ozone loss. Its parameterization in atmospheric chemistry models represents a significant source of uncertainty for the global tropospheric ozone budget and might account for the mismatch with observations. The model used in this study, the Modular Earth Submodel System version 2 (MESSy2) linked to the fifth-generation European Centre Hamburg general circulation model (ECHAM5) as an atmospheric circulation model (EMAC), is no exception. Like many global models, EMAC employs a “resistance in series” scheme with the major surface deposition via plant stomata which is hardly sensitive to meteorology, depending only on solar radiation. Unlike many global models, however, EMAC uses a simplified high resistance for non-stomatal deposition which makes this pathway negligible in the model. However, several studies have shown this process to be comparable in magnitude to the stomatal uptake, especially during the night over moist surfaces. Hence, we present here a revised dry deposition in EMAC including meteorological adjustment factors for stomatal closure and an explicit cuticular pathway. These modifications for the three stomatal stress functions have been included in the newly developed MESSy VERTEX submodel, i.e. a process model describing the vertical exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer, which will be evaluated for the first time here. The scheme is limited by a small number of different surface types and generalized parameters. The MESSy submodel describing the dry deposition of trace gases and aerosols (DDEP) has been revised accordingly. The comparison of the simulation results with measurement data at four sites shows that the new scheme enables a more realistic representation of dry deposition. However, the representation is strongly limited by the local meteorology. In total, the changes increase the dry deposition velocity of ozone up to a factor of 2 globally, whereby the highest impact arises from the inclusion of cuticular uptake, especially over moist surfaces. This corresponds to a 6 % increase of global annual dry deposition loss of ozone resulting globally in a slight decrease of ground-level ozone but a regional decrease of up to 25 %. The change of ozone dry deposition is also reasoned by the altered loss of ozone precursors. Thus, the revision of the process parameterization as documented here has, among others, the potential to significantly reduce the overestimation of tropospheric ozone in global models.

scholarly journals Effect of Nearby Forest Fires on Ground Level Ozone Concentrations in Santiago, Chile

Atmosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1926-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rubio ◽  
Eduardo Lissi ◽  
Ernesto Gramsch ◽  
René Garreaud
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations

scholarly journals A revised dry deposition scheme for land-atmosphere exchange of trace gases in ECHAM/MESSy v2.54

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Emmerichs ◽  
Astrid Kerkweg ◽  
Huug Ouwersloot ◽  
Silvano Fares ◽  
Ivan Mammarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Global Models ◽  
Ground Level Ozone

Abstract. Dry deposition to vegetation is a major sink of ground-level ozone and is responsible for about 20 % of the total tropospheric ozone loss. Its parametrisation in atmospheric chemistry models represent a significant source of uncertainty for the global tropospheric ozone budget and might account for the mismatch with observations. The model used in this study, the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy2) linked to ECHAM5 as an atmospheric circulation model (EMAC), is no exception. Like many global models, EMAC employs a “resistance in series” scheme with the major surface deposition via plant stomata which is hardly sensitive to meteorology, depending only on solar radiation. Unlike many global models, however, EMAC uses a simplified high resistance for non-stomatal deposition which makes this pathway negligible in the model. However, several studies have shown this process to be comparable in magnitude to the stomatal uptake, especially during the night over moist surfaces. Hence, we present here a revised dry deposition in EMAC. The default dry deposition scheme has been extended with adjustment factors to predict stomatal responses to temperature and vapour pressure deficit. Furthermore, an explicit formulation of the non-stomatal deposition to the leaf surface (cuticle) dependent on humidity has been implemented based on established schemes. Finally, the soil moisture availability function for plants has been revised to be consistent with the simple hydrological model available in EMAC. This revision was necessary in order to avoid unrealistic stomatal closure where the model shows a strong soil dry bias, e.g. in the Amazon basin in the dry season. These modifications for the three stomatal stress functions have been included in the newly developed MESSy submodel VERTEX, i.e. a process model describing the vertical exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer, which will be evaluated for the first time here. The MESSy submodel describing the dry deposition of trace gases and aerosols (DDEP) has been revised accordingly. The comparison of the simulation results with measurement data at four sites shows that the new scheme enables a more realistic representation of dry deposition. However, the representation is strongly limited by the local meteorology. In total, the changes increase the dry deposition velocity of ozone up to a factor of 2 globally, whereby the highest impact arises from the inclusion of cuticular uptake, especially over moist surfaces. This corresponds to a 6 % increase of global annual dry deposition loss of ozone resulting globally in a slight decrease of ground-level ozone but a regional decrease of up to 25 %. Thus, the revision of the process parameterisation as documented here has the potential to significantly reduce the overestimation of tropospheric ozone in global models.

scholarly journals Projected global ground-level ozone impacts on vegetation under different emission and climate scenarios

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 12177-12196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Sicard ◽  
Alessandro Anav ◽  
Alessandra De Marco ◽  
Elena Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface O3

Abstract. The impact of ground-level ozone (O3) on vegetation is largely under-investigated at the global scale despite large areas worldwide that are exposed to high surface O3 levels. To explore future potential impacts of O3 on vegetation, we compared historical and projected surface O3 concentrations simulated by six global atmospheric chemistry transport models on the basis of three representative concentration pathways emission scenarios (i.e. RCP2.6, 4.5, 8.5). To assess changes in the potential surface O3 threat to vegetation at the global scale, we used the AOT40 metric. Results point out a significant exceedance of AOT40 in comparison with the recommendations of UNECE for the protection of vegetation. In fact, many areas of the Northern Hemisphere show that AOT40-based critical levels will be exceeded by a factor of at least 10 under RCP8.5. Changes in surface O3 by 2100 worldwide range from about +4–5 ppb in the RCP8.5 scenario to reductions of about 2–10 ppb in the most optimistic scenario, RCP2.6. The risk of O3 injury for vegetation, through the potential O3 impact on photosynthetic assimilation, decreased by 61 and 47 % under RCP2.6 and RCP4.5, respectively, and increased by 70 % under RCP8.5. Key biodiversity areas in southern and northern Asia, central Africa and North America were identified as being at risk from high O3 concentrations.

ЛАНДШАФТНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ БЕРЕГОВОЙ ГЕОСТРУКТУРЫ ОСТРОВА ШКОТА (ЗАЛИВ ПЕТРА ВЕЛИКОГО)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Ganzei ◽  
V.V. Zharikov ◽  
N.F. Pshenichnikova ◽  
A.M. Lebedev ◽  
A.G. Kiselyova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Landscape Approach ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Важнейшим условием достижения устойчивого развития прибрежноморского природопользования в заливе Петра Великого системы является морское пространственное планирование. Основой для этого является информация о природных комплексах территории и акватории, полученная на основе ландшафтного подхода. Ключевым районом для изучения пространственной организации ландшафтов прибрежных геоструктур стала территория острова Шкота и его подводных склонов. Для наземных ландшафтов было описано 49 наблюдательных пунктов, 4 профиля были заложены для подводных ландшафтов описано 64 наблюдательных пункта, проложено 18 профилей. Выделено 22 вида ландшафтов, из них 16 наземных, 6 подводных. Берега острова сформированы преобладанием абразивноденудационного и абразивного типов. В результате всестороннего изучения показаны особенности пространственной организации воздушных и водных природных комплексов. Особенностью исследуемой территории является экспозиция дифференциации ландшафтов между юговосточной и северозападной частями острова, обусловленная муссонной природой климата. Результаты полевых и картографических работ послужили основой для выбора зон интенсивного, умеренного и ослабленного взаимодействия наземных и подводных ландшафтов. Пространственное расположение зон взаимодействия четко иллюстрируется значительными различиями экспозиции. Результаты статистического сравнения ландшафтов суши и мелководья, окружающего остров, на основе картометрических характеристик указывают на неоднородность геоструктуры острова, обусловленную, прежде всего, сочетанием ландшафтообразующих факторов. The most important condition for achieving sustainable development of coastalmarine environmental management in Peter the Great Bay is marine spatial planning. The basis for this is information about the natural complexes of the territory and water area, obtained based on the landscape approach. The main area for studying the spatial organization of landscapes of coastal geostructures was the territory of the island of Shkota and its underwater slopes. For terrestrial landscapes, 49 observation points were described, 4 profiles were laid 64 observation points were described for underwater landscapes, 18 profiles were laid. 22 species of landscapes have been identified, of which 16 are terrestrial, 6 are underwater. The shores of the island are formed by the predominance of abrasivedenudation and abrasive types. Because of a comprehensive study, features of the spatial organization of air and aquatic natural complexes are shown. A special feature of the study area is the exposure of the differentiation of landscapes between the southeastern and northwestern parts of the island, due to the monsoon nature of the climate. The results of field and cartographic works served as the basis for selecting areas of intense, moderate and weakened interaction of land and underwater landscapes. The spatial arrangement of the interaction zones is clearly illustrated by significant differences in exposure. The results of a statistical comparison of the land and shallow water landscapes surrounding the island, based on the cartometric characteristics, indicate the heterogeneity of the islands geostructure, primarily due to the combination of landscapeforming factors.

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