scholarly journals Changes in Climate Extremes in Central Asia under 1.5 and 2 °C Global Warming and their Impacts on Agricultural Productions

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xiu Geng ◽  
Zhixin Hao ◽  
Jingyun Zheng

Changes in climate extremes under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming may impact agricultural production across Central Asia. We used the simulated daily data of average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project and analyzed the current climate status and future projected changes of a set of climate extreme indices related to agricultural production under 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming. In addition, the possible impacts of climate change on agricultural production in Central Asia were discussed. The results show that the annual mean temperature in Central Asia will increase by 1.48 °C and 2.34 °C at 1.5 °C and 2 °C warming levels, respectively, compared to the base period (1986–2005), and the increasing trends are significant at the α = 0.01 level for all grids. The number of warm days and growing season length will increase. Under the 1.5 °C scenario, the mean annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and heavy precipitation (R95P) will experience increases of 7.68% and 26.55%, respectively, and the consecutive dry days (CDD) will be reduced by 1.1 days. However, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) shows significant drought conditions in most of Central Asia (more than 60%). Under the 2 °C scenario, there will be a 3.89% increase in PRCPTOT and a 24.78% increase in R95P. Nevertheless, accompanying the increase in CDD (0.8 day) and the decrease in SPEI, drought conditions will be further exacerbated. These results indicate that Central Asia is likely to face more severe ecological problems in the future, which will threaten the regional agricultural production and the food security. Therefore, adaptation strategies should be implemented immediately to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on Central Asia’s agriculture.

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Andreas Matzarakis ◽  
Sorin Cheval ◽  
Tzu-Ping Lin ◽  
Oded Potchter

Facing the impacts of climate change and urbanization, adaptation and resilience to climate extremes have become important issues of global concern. [...]


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Hallegatte ◽  
Marianne Fay ◽  
Edward B. Barbier

AbstractBecause their assets and income represent such a small share of national wealth, the impacts of climate change on poor people, even if dramatic, will be largely invisible in aggregate economic statistics such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Assessing and managing future impacts of climate change on poverty requires different metrics, and specific studies focusing on the vulnerability of poor people. This special issue provides a set of such studies, looking at the exposure and vulnerability of people living in poverty to shocks and stressors that are expected to increase in frequency or intensity due to climate change, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and impacts on agricultural production and ecosystem services. This introduction summarizes their approach and findings, which support the idea that the link between poverty and climate vulnerability goes both ways: poverty is one major driver of people's vulnerability to climate-related shocks and stressors, and this vulnerability is keeping people in poverty. The paper concludes by identifying priorities for future research.


2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 5011-5023 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Vincent ◽  
T. C. Peterson ◽  
V. R. Barros ◽  
M. B. Marino ◽  
M. Rusticucci ◽  
...  

Abstract A workshop on enhancing climate change indices in South America was held in Maceió, Brazil, in August 2004. Scientists from eight southern countries brought daily climatological data from their region for a meticulous assessment of data quality and homogeneity, and for the preparation of climate change indices that can be used for analyses of changes in climate extremes. This study presents an examination of the trends over 1960–2000 in the indices of daily temperature extremes. The results indicate no consistent changes in the indices based on daily maximum temperature while significant trends were found in the indices based on daily minimum temperature. Significant increasing trends in the percentage of warm nights and decreasing trends in the percentage of cold nights were observed at many stations. It seems that this warming is mostly due to more warm nights and fewer cold nights during the summer (December–February) and fall (March–May). The stations with significant trends appear to be located closer to the west and east coasts of South America.


Author(s):  
Julien Ruffault ◽  
Thomas Curt ◽  
Nicolas K. Martin St-Paul ◽  
Vincent Moron ◽  
Ricardo M. Trigo

Abstract. Increasing drought conditions under global warming are expected to alter the frequency and distribution of large, high intensity wildfires. Yet, little is known regarding how it will affect fire weather and translate into wildfire behaviour. Here, we analysed the climatology of extreme wildfires that occurred during the exceptionally dry summers of 2003 and 2016 in Mediterranean France. We identified two distinct shifts in fire climatology towards fire weather spaces that had not been explored before, and which result from specific interactions between the types of drought and the types of fire. In 2016, a long-lasting press drought intensified wind-driven fires. In 2003, a hot drought combining a heatwave with a press drought intensified heat-driven fires. Our findings highlight that increasing drought conditions projected by climate change scenarios might affect the dryness of fuel compartments and create several new generations of wildfire overwhelming fire suppression capacities.


2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 2393-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Lader ◽  
John E. Walsh ◽  
Uma S. Bhatt ◽  
Peter A. Bieniek

AbstractClimate change is expected to alter the frequencies and intensities of at least some types of extreme events. Although Alaska is already experiencing an amplified response to climate change, studies of extreme event occurrences have lagged those for other regions. Forced migration due to coastal erosion, failing infrastructure on thawing permafrost, more severe wildfire seasons, altered ocean chemistry, and an ever-shrinking season for snow and ice are among the most devastating effects, many of which are related to extreme climate events. This study uses regional dynamical downscaling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to investigate projected twenty-first-century changes of daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation over Alaska. The forcing data used for the downscaling simulations include the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim; 1981–2010), Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 3 (GFDL CM3), historical (1976–2005), and GFDL CM3 representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5; 2006–2100). Observed trends of temperature and sea ice coverage in the Arctic are large, and the present trajectory of global emissions makes a continuation of these trends plausible. The future scenario is bias adjusted using a quantile-mapping procedure. Results indicate an asymmetric warming of climate extremes; namely, cold extremes rise fastest, and the greatest changes occur in winter. Maximum 1- and 5-day precipitation amounts are projected to increase by 53% and 50%, which is larger than the corresponding increases for the contiguous United States. When compared with the historical period, the shifts in temperature and precipitation indicate unprecedented heat and rainfall across Alaska during this century.


Author(s):  
AWO Sourou Malikiyou ◽  
ALE Agbachi Georges ◽  
YABI Ibouraïma

La variabilité climatique dans les communes de Djidja et de Djougou engendre des conséquences aussi bien sur les niveaux de productivités, de production que sur les revenus des exploitants agricoles. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier la vulnérabilité future des systèmes de productions agricoles face aux changements climatiques dans les Communes de Djidja et de Djougou.L’approche méthodologique utilisée comprend la collecte des données, leur traitement et l’analyse des résultats. Les enquêtes ont été faites dans les villages choisis sur la base de critères bien définis (la taille de la population agricole et son implication dans la production agricole). La méthode de D. Schwartz (1995, p. 94) a permis de constituer l’échantillon de 377 producteurs. Enfin, une projection climatique sur la période 2019-2050/2075 est faite au moyen du logiciel climatique « Climate explorer ».Il ressort des résultats de l’étude que, dans la commune de Djougou, la variation au niveau de la température minimale actuelle (RCP8.5) est comprise entre -1,62°C en 1992 et 2,29°C en 2075. La température maximale quant à elle varie entre -1,40°C en 1994 à 2,18°C en 2075. C’est à partir de 2071 que l’augmentation de la température minimale va dépasser les 2°C et si rien n’est fait cette hausse va s’accroître et devenir permanente. De même, dans la commune de Djidja, la température minimale la plus élevée est observée en 2075 avec des variations de 1 à 2°C pour les RCP4.5 et RCP8.5. Au niveau de la température maximale, l’année la moins chaude est 1992 (-1,33mm/jour) pour RCP8.5 et 1991 (-1,02mm/jour) pour RCP4.5. La même évolution s’observe au niveau des températures maximales. L’année 1992 reste la plus déficitaire avec une chute de -1,60°C et l’année la plus excédentaire sera l’année 2075 avec une hausse de 2,18 mm par jour, sur la période 1992-2080. La corrélation est observée en 2042 avec une valeur de 0,322 mm par jour. L’examen des résultats révèle que les valeurs des paramètres climatiques à savoir précipitations et évaporation sont à la hausse sur la période 1980-2080 dans la commune de Djidja. Suivant la trajectoire actuelle, RCP8.5, les années les plus arrosées sont 2037, 2070 et 2073 avec respectivement des variations égales à 0,17mm et 0,27mm de pluie par jour. Face à ces difficultés, les populations agricoles adoptent des mesures pour contrer les contraintes climatiques.ABSTRACTClimatic variability in the communes of Djidja and Djougou has consequences both on the levels of productivity and production and on the income of farmers. The objective of this research is to study the vulnerability of agricultural production systems to climate change in the Communes of Djidja and Djougou.The methodological approach used includes data collection, processing and analysis of the results. The surveys were carried out in the villages chosen on the basis of well-defined criteria (the size of the agricultural population and its involvement in agricultural production). The method of D. Schwartz (1995, p. 94) made it possible to constitute the sample of 377 producers. Finally, a climate projection over the period 2019-2050 / 2075 is made using the climate software "Climate explorer".The results of the study show that, in the municipality of Djougou, the variation in the current minimum temperature (RCP8.5) is between -1.62 ° C in 1992 and 2.29 ° C in 2075. The maximum temperature varies between -1.40 ° C in 1994 to 2.18 ° C in 2075. It is from 2071 that the increase in the minimum temperature will exceed 2 ° C and if nothing is In fact, this increase will increase and become permanent. Similarly, in the municipality of Djidja, the highest minimum temperature is observed in 2075 withvariations of 1 to 2 ° C for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. At maximum temperature, the coolest year is 1992 (-1.33mm / day) for RCP8.5 and 1991 (-1.02mm / day) for RCP4.5. The same development can be observed at the level of maximum temperatures. The year 1992 remains the most in deficit with a fall of -1.60 ° C and the year the most in surplus will be the year 2075 with an increase of 2.18mm per day, over the period 1992-2080. The correlation is observed in 2042 with a value of 0.322 mm per day. Examination of the results reveals that the values of climatic parameters, namely precipitation and evaporation, are on the rise over the period 1980-2080 in the municipality of Djidja. Following the current trajectory, RCP8.5, the wettest years are 2037, 2070 and 2073 with respectively variations equal to 0.17mm and 0.27mm of rain per day. Faced with these difficulties, agricultural populations are adopting measures to counter climatic constraints. Keywords: Djidja, Djougou, vulnerability, production system, agriculture, climate change.


2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
M. Carvalho ◽  
B. Martins ◽  
J. P. Coelho ◽  
N. Brôco ◽  
A. K. Ribeiro ◽  
...  

Abstract The impacts of climate change on society are becoming increasingly evident. The water sector is sensitive to variations in climatic patterns as it is expected that major changes in flows will occur, along with increased risks of water quality degradation and flooding. According to published climate scenarios the Mediterranean area will become dryer. As a leading group operating in the water sector in Portugal, AdP decided to develop a strategic plan for climate change adaptation with the aim of establishing a strategy for reducing business vulnerability and increasing systems resilience. In developing the plan, a pragmatic method was adopted for characterizing current vulnerabilities. This was founded on the bottom-up approach and supported with past events data, including evaluating their impacts, and the adaptive capacity of systems and utilities to climate extremes. In water supply, the effects of more severe and frequent extreme events are being felt with respect to water quality and availability, representing as much as 80% of the events studied, whereas, in terms of sanitation, floods account for about 90% of events identified. Globally, 78% and 21% of the measures adopted in water supply and wastewater management, respectively, were effective.


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