scholarly journals An Improved Method for Optical Characterization of Mineral Dust and Soot Particles in the El Paso-Juárez Airshed

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Javier Polanco ◽  
Manuel Ramos ◽  
Rosa M. Fitzgerald ◽  
William R. Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Likelihood Estimator ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Good Agreement

Highly time-resolved aerosol measurements and analysis are necessary for a proper aerosol characterization in many polluted regions, because aerosol concentrations in polluted environments can change over time scales of minutes. However, many urban measuring sites have measuring devices that provide time resolved average aerosol concentrations over a day or two at best. Light-scattering properties of mineral dust and soot particles in the El Paso-Juárez Airshed were analyzed with an improved methodology, using the T-matrix, a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), and data from both an acoustic extinctiometer and a laser particle counter. The hourly inter-comparisons of the scattering coefficients’ results between the model and those obtained using the instruments at a wavelength of 0.87 μm show good agreement. This methodology has been applied in the El Paso-Juárez Airshed successfully, and it could be used in other cities where mineral dust and soot are major components of the aerosol concentrations.

Optical Characterization of Mineral Dust and Soot Particles in the El Paso-Juarez Airshed

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Medina ◽  
William Stockwell ◽  
Rosa M. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Optical Characterization ◽  
Soot Particles

scholarly journals Characterization of hop-and-sink daphniid locomotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A N Skipper ◽  
D W Murphy ◽  
D R Webster
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Recovery Stroke ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This study characterizes the hop-and-sink locomotion of Daphnia magna, a zooplankton species widely studied in a variety of biological fields. Time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomo-PIV) is used to obtain 3D kinematics and flow field data with high spatial and temporal resolution. The kinematics data show that the daphniid’s velocity quickly increases during the power stroke, reaching maximum accelerations of 1000 body lengths/s2, then decelerates during the recovery stroke to a steady sinking speed. The hop-and-sink locomotion produces a viscous vortex ring located under each second antennae. These flow structures develop during the power stroke, strengthen during the recovery stroke, and then decay slowly during the sinking phase. The time records of vortex circulation are self-similar when properly normalized. The flow fields were successfully modeled using an impulsive stresslet, showing good agreement between the decay of circulation and a conceptual model of the impulse. While no relationships were found between kinematics or flow field parameters and body size, the total energy dissipated by the daphniid hop-and-sink motion was found to scale exponentially with the vortex strength.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel FRET Probe in a Crowded Environment using Time-Resolved Anisotropy

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 346a
Author(s):  
Hannah Leopold ◽  
Megan Currie ◽  
Jacob Schwarz ◽  
Arnold J. Boersma ◽  
Erin D. Sheets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolved ◽  
Crowded Environment

scholarly journals Characterization of Tiled Architecture for C-Band 1-Bit Beam-Steering Transmitarray

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kozlov ◽  
Irina Munina ◽  
Pavel Turalchuk ◽  
Vitalii Kirillov ◽  
Alexey Shitvov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Array Architecture ◽  
Modulation Pattern ◽  
Good Agreement

A new implementation of a beam-steering transmitarray is proposed based on the tiled array architecture. Each pixel of the transmitarray is manufactured as a standalone unit which can be hard-wired for specific transmission characteristics. A set of complementary units, providing reciprocal phase-shifts, can be assembled in a prescribed spatial phase-modulation pattern to perform beam steering and beam forming in a broad spatial range. A compact circuit model of the tiled unit cell is proposed and characterized with full-wave electromagnetic simulations. Waveguide measurements of a prototype unit cell have been carried out. A design example of a tiled 10 × 10-element 1-bit beam-steering transmitarray is presented and its performance benchmarked against the conventional single-panel, i.e., unibody, counterpart. Prototypes of the tiled and single-panel C-band transmitarrays have been fabricated and tested, demonstrating their close performance, good agreement with simulations and a weak effect of fabrication tolerances. The proposed transmitarray antenna configuration has great potential for fifth-generation (5G) communication systems.

scholarly journals KD determination from time-resolved experiments on live cells with LigandTracer and reconciliation with end-point flow cytometry measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Spiegelberg ◽  
Jonas Stenberg ◽  
Pascale Richalet ◽  
Marc Vanhove
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
End Point ◽  
Titration Curves ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractDesign of next-generation therapeutics comes with new challenges and emulates technology and methods to meet them. Characterizing the binding of either natural ligands or therapeutic proteins to cell-surface receptors, for which relevant recombinant versions may not exist, represents one of these challenges. Here we report the characterization of the interaction of five different antibody therapeutics (Trastuzumab, Rituximab, Panitumumab, Pertuzumab, and Cetuximab) with their cognate target receptors using LigandTracer. The method offers the advantage of being performed on live cells, alleviating the need for a recombinant source of the receptor. Furthermore, time-resolved measurements, in addition to allowing the determination of the affinity of the studied drug to its target, give access to the binding kinetics thereby providing a full characterization of the system. In this study, we also compared time-resolved LigandTracer data with end-point KD determination from flow cytometry experiments and hypothesize that discrepancies between these two approaches, when they exist, generally come from flow cytometry titration curves being acquired prior to full equilibration of the system. Our data, however, show that knowledge of the kinetics of the interaction allows to reconcile the data obtained by flow cytometry and LigandTracer and demonstrate the complementarity of these two methods.

scholarly journals Visco-Hyperelastic Characterization of the Equine Immature Zona Pellucida

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Elisa Ficarella ◽  
Mohammad Minooei ◽  
Lorenzo Santoro ◽  
Elisabetta Toma ◽  
Bartolomeo Trentadue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Prony Series ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Good Agreement

This article presents a very detailed study on the mechanical characterization of a highly nonlinear material, the immature equine zona pellucida (ZP) membrane. The ZP is modeled as a visco-hyperelastic soft matter. The Arruda–Boyce constitutive equation and the two-term Prony series are identified as the most suitable models for describing the hyperelastic and viscous components, respectively, of the ZP’s mechanical response. Material properties are identified via inverse analysis based on nonlinear optimization which fits nanoindentation curves recorded at different rates. The suitability of the proposed approach is fully demonstrated by the very good agreement between AFM data and numerically reconstructed force–indentation curves. A critical comparison of mechanical behavior of two immature ZP membranes (i.e., equine and porcine ZPs) is also carried out considering the information on the structure of these materials available from electron microscopy investigations documented in the literature.

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