scholarly journals High-Resolution Temperature Variability Reconstructed from Black Pine Tree Ring Densities in Southern Spain

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Jan Esper ◽  
Claudia Hartl ◽  
Ernesto Tejedor ◽  
Martin de Luis ◽  
Björn Günther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature

The presence of an ancient, high-elevation pine forest in the Natural Park of Sierras de Cazorla in southern Spain, including some trees reaching >700 years, stimulated efforts to develop high-resolution temperature reconstructions in an otherwise drought-dominated region. Here, we present a reconstruction of spring and fall temperature variability derived from black pine tree ring maximum densities reaching back to 1350 Coefficient of Efficiency (CE). The reconstruction is accompanied by large uncertainties resulting from low interseries correlations among the single trees and a limited number of reliable instrumental stations in the study region. The reconstructed temperature history reveals warm conditions during the early 16th and 19th centuries that were of similar magnitude to the warm temperatures recorded since the late 20th century. A sharp transition from cold conditions in the late 18th century (t1781–1810 = −1.15 °C ± 0.64 °C) to warm conditions in the early 19th century (t1818–1847 = −0.06 °C ± 0.49 °C) is centered around the 1815 Tambora eruption (t1816 = −2.1 °C ± 0.55 °C). The new reconstruction from southern Spain correlates significantly with high-resolution temperature histories from the Pyrenees located ~600 km north of the Cazorla Natural Park, an association that is temporally stable over the past 650 years (r1350–2005 > 0.3, p < 0.0001) and particularly strong in the high-frequency domain (rHF > 0.4). Yet, only a few of the reconstructed cold extremes (1453, 1601, 1816) coincide with large volcanic eruptions, suggesting that the severe cooling events in southern Spain are controlled by internal dynamics rather than external (volcanic) forcing.

Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic eruptions over the last 5000 yr

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Salzer ◽  
Malcolm K. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Pinus Aristata

AbstractMany years of low growth identified in a western USA regional chronology of upper forest border bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva and Pinus aristata) over the last 5000 yr coincide with known large explosive volcanic eruptions and/or ice core signals of past eruptions. Over the last millennium the agreement between the tree-ring data and volcano/ice-core data is high: years of ring-width minima can be matched with known volcanic eruptions or ice-core volcanic signals in 86% of cases. In previous millennia, while there is substantial concurrence, the agreement decreases with increasing antiquity. Many of the bristlecone pine ring-width minima occurred at the same time as ring-width minima in high latitude trees from northwestern Siberia and/or northern Finland over the past 4000–5000 yr, suggesting climatically-effective events of at least hemispheric scale. In contrast with the ice-core records, the agreement between widely separated tree-ring records does not decrease with increasing antiquity. These data suggest specific intervals when the climate system was or was not particularly sensitive enough to volcanic forcing to affect the trees, and they augment the ice core record in a number of ways: by providing confirmation from an alternative proxy record for volcanic signals, by suggesting alternative dates for eruptions, and by adding to the list of years when volcanic events of global significance were likely, including the mid-2nd-millennium BC eruption of Thera.

scholarly journals Millennial minimum temperature variations in the Qilian Mountains, China: evidence from tree rings

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1763-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
X. M. Shao ◽  
Z.-Y. Yin ◽  
Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Tree Ring Chronology ◽  
Northeastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A 1343-year tree-ring chronology was developed from Qilian junipers in the central Qilian Mountains of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP), China. The climatic implications of this chronology were investigated using simple correlation, partial correlation and response function analyses. The chronology was significantly positively correlated with temperature variables prior to and during the growing season, especially with monthly minimum temperature. Minimum temperature anomalies from January to August since AD 670 were then reconstructed based on the tree-ring chronology. The reconstruction explained 58% of the variance in the instrumental temperature records during the calibration period (1960–2012) and captured the variation patterns in minimum temperature at the annual to centennial timescales over the past millennium. The most recent 50 years were the warmest period, while 1690–1880 was the coldest period since AD 670. Comparisons with other temperature series from neighbouring regions and for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole supported the validity of our reconstruction and suggested that it provided a good regional representation of temperature change in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results of wavelet analysis showed the occurrence of significant quasi-periodic patterns at a number of recurring periods (2–4, 40–50, and 90–170 years), which were consistent with those associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and solar activity. The comparison between the reconstructed temperature and the index of tropical volcanic radiative forcing indicated that some cold events recorded by tree rings may be due to the impact of tropical volcanic eruptions.

scholarly journals Temperature variability of the Iberian Range since 1602 inferred from tree-ring records

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tejedor ◽  
M. A. Saz ◽  
J. M. Cuadrat ◽  
J. Esper ◽  
M. de Luis
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Low Frequency Variability

Abstract. Tree-rings are an important proxy to understand the natural drivers of climate variability in the Mediterranean basin and hence to improve future climate scenarios in a vulnerable region. Here, we compile 316 tree-ring width series from 11 conifer sites in the western Iberian Range. We apply a new standardization method based on the trunk basal area instead of the tree cambial age to develop a regional chronology which preserves high to low frequency variability. A new reconstruction for the 1602–2012 period correlates at −0.78 with observational September temperatures with a cumulative mean of the 21 previous months over the 1945–2012 calibration period. The new IR2Tmax reconstruction is spatially representative for the Iberian Peninsula and captures the full range of past Iberian Range temperature variability. Reconstructed long-term temperature variations match reasonably well with solar irradiance changes since warm and cold phases correspond with high and low solar activity, respectively. In addition, some annual temperatures downturns coincide with volcanic eruptions with a three year lag.

scholarly journals Spring Season in Western Nepal Himalaya is not yet Warming: A 400-Year Temperature Reconstruction Based on Tree-Ring Widths of Himalayan Hemlock (Tsuga dumosa)

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugam Aryal ◽  
Narayan Prasad Gaire ◽  
Nawa Raj Pokhrel ◽  
Prabina Rana ◽  
Basant Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Temperature Reconstruction ◽  
Climate Reconstruction ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature

The Himalayan region has already witnessed profound climate changes detectable in the cryosphere and the hydrological cycle, already resulting in drastic socio-economic impacts. We developed a 619-yea-long tree-ring-width chronology from the central Nepal Himalaya, spanning the period 1399–2017 CE. However, due to low replication of the early part of the chronology, only the section after 1600 CE was used for climate reconstruction. Proxy climate relationships indicate that temperature conditions during spring (March–May) are the main forcing factor for tree growth of Tsuga dumosa at the study site. We developed a robust climate reconstruction model and reconstructed spring temperatures for the period 1600–2017 CE. Our reconstruction showed cooler conditions during 1658–1681 CE, 1705–1722 CE, 1753–1773 CE, 1796–1874 CE, 1900–1936 CE, and 1973 CE. Periods with comparably warmer conditions occurred in 1600–1625 CE, 1633–1657 CE, 1682–1704 CE, 1740–1752 CE, 1779–1795 CE, 1936–1945 CE, 1956–1972 CE, and at the beginning of the 21st century. Tropical volcanic eruptions showed only a sporadic impact on the reconstructed temperature. Also, no consistent temperature trend was evident since 1600 CE. Our temperature reconstruction showed positive teleconnections with March–May averaged gridded temperature data for far west Nepal and adjacent areas in Northwest India and on the Southwest Tibetan plateau. We found spectral periodicities of 2.75–4 and 40–65 years frequencies in our temperature reconstruction, indicating that past climate variability in central Nepal might have been influenced by large-scale climate modes, like the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation.

scholarly journals Effects of Memory Biases on Variability of Temperature Reconstructions

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (24) ◽  
pp. 8713-8731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie J. Lücke ◽  
Gabriele C. Hegerl ◽  
Andrew P. Schurer ◽  
Rob Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Detection And Attribution ◽  
Reconstructed Temperature ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Quantifying past climate variation and attributing its causes improves our understanding of the natural variability of the climate system. Tree-ring-based proxies have provided skillful and highly resolved reconstructions of temperature and hydroclimate of the last millennium. However, like all proxies, they are subject to uncertainties arising from varying data quality, coverage, and reconstruction methodology. Previous studies have suggested that biological-based memory processes could cause spectral biases in climate reconstructions. This study determines the effects of such biases on reconstructed temperature variability and the resultant implications for detection and attribution studies. We find that introducing persistent memory, reflecting the spectral properties of tree-ring data, can change the variability of pseudoproxy reconstructions compared to the surrogate climate and resolve certain model–proxy discrepancies. This is especially the case for proxies based on ring-width data. Such memory inflates the difference between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age and suppresses and extends the cooling in response to volcanic eruptions. When accounting for memory effects, climate model data can reproduce long-term cooling after volcanic eruptions, as seen in proxy reconstructions. Results of detection and attribution studies show that signals in reconstructions as well as residual unforced variability are consistent with those in climate models when the model fingerprints are adjusted to reflect autoregressive memory as found in tree rings.

scholarly journals Temperature variability in the Iberian Range since 1602 inferred from tree-ring records

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Tejedor ◽  
Miguel Ángel Saz ◽  
José María Cuadrat ◽  
Jan Esper ◽  
Martín de Luis
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Iberian Range ◽  
Cambial Age ◽  
Low Frequency Variability

Abstract. Tree rings are an important proxy to understand the natural drivers of climate variability in the Mediterranean Basin and hence to improve future climate scenarios in a vulnerable region. Here, we compile 316 tree-ring width series from 11 conifer sites in the western Iberian Range. We apply a new standardization method based on the trunk basal area instead of the tree cambial age to develop a regional chronology which preserves high- to low-frequency variability. A new reconstruction for the 1602–2012 period correlates at −0.78 with observational September temperatures with a cumulative mean of the 21 previous months over the 1945–2012 calibration period. The new IR2Tmax reconstruction is spatially representative for the Iberian Peninsula and captures the full range of past Iberian Range temperature variability. Reconstructed long-term temperature variations match reasonably well with solar irradiance changes since warm and cold phases correspond with high and low solar activity, respectively. In addition, some annual temperature downturns coincide with volcanic eruptions with a 3-year lag.

HIGH RESOLUTION CHRONOLOGY USING ROCK MAGNETIC CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHY IN THE BAZA BASIN, SOUTHERN SPAIN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C. Powers ◽  
◽  
David Anastasio ◽  
Josep M. Pares ◽  
M. Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Southern Spain

scholarly journals The effect of water management on extensive aquaculture food webs in the reconstructed wetlands of the Doñana Natural Park, Southern Spain

Aquaculture ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 448 ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.M. Walton ◽  
C. Vilas ◽  
C. Coccia ◽  
A.J. Green ◽  
J.P. Cañavate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Doñana Natural Park

scholarly journals A Computational Methodology for the Calibration of Tephra Transport Nowcasting at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Alexandros P. Poulidis ◽  
Atsushi Shimizu ◽  
Haruhisa Nakamichi ◽  
Masato Iguchi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Sakurajima Volcano ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Complementary Strategy ◽  
Physical Quantities ◽  
Do So

Ground-based remote sensing equipment have the potential to be used for the nowcasting of the tephra hazard from volcanic eruptions. To do so raw data from the equipment first need to be accurately transformed to tephra-related physical quantities. In order to establish these relations for Sakurajima volcano, Japan, we propose a methodology based on high-resolution simulations. An eruption that occurred at Sakurajima on 16 July 2018 is used as the basis of a pilot study. The westwards dispersal of the tephra cloud was ideal for the observation network that has been installed near the volcano. In total, the plume and subsequent tephra cloud were recorded by 2 XMP radars, 1 lidar and 3 optical disdrometers, providing insight on all phases of the eruption, from plume generation to tephra transport away from the volcano. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and FALL3D models were used to reconstruct the transport and deposition patterns. Simulated airborne tephra concentration and accumulated load were linked, respectively, to lidar backscatter intensity and radar reflectivity. Overall, results highlight the possibility of using such a high-resolution modelling-based methodology as a reliable complementary strategy to common approaches for retrieving tephra-related quantities from remote sensing data.

scholarly journals ABSOLUTE DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL SCALE FOR PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) FROM UJŚCIE (NW POLAND), DATED USING RAPID ATMOSPHERIC 14C CHANGES

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marek Krąpiec ◽  
Andrzej Rakowski ◽  
Jacek Pawlyta ◽  
Damian Wiktorowski ◽  
Monika Bolka
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Nw Poland

ABSTRACT Radiocarbon (14C) analyses are commonly used to determine the absolute age of floating tree-ring chronologies. At best, with the wiggle-matching method, a precision of 10 years could be achieved. For the early Middle Ages, this situation has been markedly improved by the discovery of rapid changes in atmospheric 14C concentrations in tree-rings dated to 774/775 and 993/994 AD. These high-resolution changes can be used to secure other floating tree-ring sequences to within 1-year accuracy. While a number of studies have used the 774 even to secure floating tree-ring sequences, the less abrupt 993 event has not been so well utilized. This study dates a floating pine chronology from Ujście in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) (NW Poland), which covers the 10th century period and is critical for studies on the beginning of the Polish State to the calendar years 859–1085 AD using the changes in single year radiocarbon around 993/4 AD.

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