scholarly journals Assessment of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions of a Euro 6d-Temp Diesel Vehicle Driven >1300 km Including Six Diesel Particulate Filter Regenerations

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Valverde ◽  
Barouch Giechaskiel
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Diesel-fueled vehicles have classically had high particulate and NOx emissions. The introduction of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) and Selective Catalytic Reduction for NOx (SCR) systems have decreased the Particle Number (PN) and NOx emissions, respectively, to very low levels. However, there are concerns regarding the emissions released during the periodic DPF regenerations, which are necessary to clean the filters. The absolute emission levels and the frequency of the regenerations determine the contribution of regenerations, but where they happen (city or highway) is also important due to different contributions to human exposure. In this study, we measured regulated and non-regulated emissions of a Euro 6d-temp vehicle both in the laboratory and on the road. PN and NOx emissions were similar in the laboratory and on-the road, ranging around 1010 p/km and 50 mg/km, respectively. Six regeneration events took place during the 1300 km driven, with an average distance between regeneration events of only 200 km. During regeneration events, the laboratory limits for PN and NOx, although not applicable, were exceeded in one of the two measured events. However, the on-road emissions were below the applicable not-to-exceed limits when regenerations occurred. The weighted PN and NOx emissions over the regeneration distance were approximately two times below the applicable limits. The N2O emissions were <14 mg/km and NH3 at instrument background level (<1 ppm), reaching 8 ppm only during regeneration. The results of this study indicate that due to the short interval between regenerations, studies of diesel vehicles should report the emissions during regeneration events.

scholarly journals Measures to optimize traffic and the environment. Calculations of environmental safety on a given section of the Rostov-on-Don road network

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
R. S. Durov ◽  
◽  
E. V. Varnakova ◽  
K. O. Kobzev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
On The Road ◽  
State Of The Environment

Introduction. One of the most pressing socio-economic problems is the state of the environment, which affects the living conditions of many people. The article deals with the problem areas of the intersection of 20-ya Liniya street – Sholokhov Avenue in Rostov-on-Don. Problem Statement. The purpose of this paper is to improve environmental safety at the intersection of 20-ya Liniya street – Sholokhov Avenue in Rostov-on-Don by reducing emissions from road transport through the proposed measures to reorganize traffic on this section of the road network. Theoretical Part. The article provides an assessment of environmental and road safety on the road network section before applying the proposed measures. The measures are listed and justified that would help improve the conditions for road transport at the selected intersection and reduce emissions from road transport, which would improve environmental safety. The calculation of environmental indicators was made after the proposed measures to reduce NOx emissions by cars. Conclusion. The article analyzes the environmental indicators before and after the events, and then compares them. Based on the analysis and calculations, it is determined how much the proposed measures to optimize traffic will help reduce NOx emissions by cars.

On the road to NOx emissions trading

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Tikalsky ◽  
Joseph M. Kramer ◽  
Robert Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Three-Dimensional Catalytic Regeneration Modeling of SiC Diesel Particulate Filters

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pontikakis ◽  
Anastassios Stamatelos
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
D Model ◽  
Diesel Filter

Increasingly stringent diesel particulate emissions standards have reestablished international interest in diesel filters, whose first series application dates back to 1985. Modern diesel engine technology, with computerized engine management systems and advanced, common rail injection systems, needs to be fully exploited to support efficient and durable diesel filter systems with catalytic aids, as standard equipment in passenger cars. Efficient system and components’ optimization requires the use of mathematical models of diesel filter performance. The three-dimensional model for the regeneration of the diesel particulate filter presented in this paper has been developed as an engineering tool for the detailed design optimization of SiC diesel filters of modular structure. The 3-D modeling is achieved by interfacing an existing 1-D model to commercial finite element method software for the computation of the 3-D temperature field within the whole filter assembly, including the adhesive of the filter blocks, the insulation mat, and the metal canning. The 3-D model is applied to real-world component optimization studies of diesel filter systems.

scholarly journals Comparison of Vehicle Aged SCR Catalyst on a Particulate Filter (SCRF) with Oven Aged Equivalent

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6918-6930
Author(s):  
K. Mehsein ◽  
G. Delahay ◽  
N. Villain ◽  
N. Moral
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Scr Catalyst ◽  
Active Regeneration ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Urea Decomposition

To meet forthcoming Euro 6 Diesel engines NOx emissions legislation; highly efficient after-treatment systems are required. The use of urea or ammonia SCR is a well-established solution for high NOx abatement for diesel engines. The combination of a Cu-Zeolite SCR catalyst and a diesel particulate filter has been widely investigated in recent years to respond to the European NOx emissions regulations especially for those on light-duty vehicles. The after-treatment systems are preferred to be durable during the entirety of vehicle use. Indeed, the SCRF system must withstand the temperature resulting from the active regeneration of the particulate filter continuously. A 160,000 km vehicle aged SCRF catalyst which has endured more than 91 hours at temperatures superior to 600°C during the regeneration of the particulate filter was compared to an SCRF catalyst aged in the laboratory oven for 16 hours at 800°C with 10% H2O. The vehicle aged SCR has not only been exposed to the hydrothermal ageing generated by the diesel particulate regeneration but also has seen chemical elements from urea decomposition, soot accumulation, engine oil and fuel residues. In this paper, deeper comprehension of the behaviour the SCRF catalyst during vehicle ageing was exposed. It is evident that the loss of NOx activity is not only due to the regeneration of the particulate filter but also to the possible contamination from the urea injection and the elements present in the diesel fuel and engine oil. XRF results demonstrate that the concentrations of poisoning elements coming from the engine oil or fuel are concentrated mainly at the outlet of vehicle aged SCRF catalyst. Also, results reveal that the poisoning elements have affected the SCR activity of the vehicle aged SCRF catalyst. Finally, it was possible to establish a correlation between a 160,000 km vehicle aged SCRF catalyst and an equivalent SCRF aged for 16 hours at 800°C.

Real-time particulate emissions rates from active and passive heavy-duty diesel particulate filter regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Smith ◽  
Chris Ruehl ◽  
Mark Burnitzki ◽  
Wayne Sobieralski ◽  
Robert Ianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Filter Regeneration ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Tailor Made Biofuels: Effect of Fuel Properties on the Soot Microstructure and Consequences on Particle Filter Regeneration

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Parkash Bhardwaj ◽  
Bernhard Lüers ◽  
Andreas F. Kolbeck ◽  
Thomas Koerfer ◽  
Florian Kremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Soot Oxidation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dpf Regeneration

In recent years a lot of effort has been made to understand the phenomena of Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) regeneration processes but less attention has been paid to understand the influence of fuel properties on soot reactivity and its consequence on the DPF regeneration behavior. Within the Cluster of Excellence “Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass (TMFB)” at RWTH Aachen University, the Institute for Combustion Engines carried out a detailed investigation program to explore the potential of future biofuel candidates for optimized combustion systems. These new biofuels are being developed to realize partially homogeneous low-temperature combustion, in order to reduce the emission and fuel consumption to meet future requirements. The chemical structure of these new fuels may impact the thermal decomposition chemistry and hence the in-cylinder particulate formation conditions. This work fundamentally focusses the influence of fuel properties on particulate matter reactivity and, thereby, the regeneration behavior of the diesel particulate filters (DPF). The experiments for particulate measurements and analysis were conducted, under constant engine operating conditions, on a EURO 6 compliant High Efficiency Combustion System (HECS) fuelled with petroleum based diesel fuel as baseline and today’s biofuels like FAME and Fischer Tropsch fuels as well as potential biomass derived fuel candidates being researched in TMFB. Several different methods were used for analysis of mass, composition, structure and spectroscopic parameters of the soot. The graphitic microstructure visible with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was compared to the results of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), optical light absorption measurement and elementary analysis of samples. The results indicate that combustion with increasing fuel oxygenation produces decreasing engine-out particulate emissions. The ranking of activation energies of soot oxidation analysis from LGB experiments correspond well with the ranking of the soot physico-chemical properties. In comparison to petroleum based diesel fuel, the reduction of engine out soot emission by a factor of five with the use of the future biomass derived fuel candidate was accompanied by ten times reduction of the soot volume based absorption coefficient and two times reduction of carbon to hydrogen ratio. As a result of it, the activation energy of soot oxidation in DPF reduced by ∼ 10 KJ/mol. The reduced engine out soot emission and increased reactivity of the soot from the future biomass derived fuel candidate could cause a significant reduction of thermal DPF regenerations.

Simulation of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filters in transient driving cycles

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
I P Kandylas ◽  
G C Koltsakis
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filters ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Engineering Models

Forced by strict emission standards, interest in the reduction of particulate emissions becomes increasingly higher. Although the technology of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) has advanced impressively, especially during recent years, considerable technological challenges remain unsolved. The technology of NO2-assisted continuously regenerating diesel filters in conjunction with the upcoming availability of low sulphur diesel fuel represents a promising solution, especially for heavy duty engines. In the present paper, a transient modelling approach for the combined catalyst and DPF system is presented. This combined model is used to predict the regeneration performance of NO2-assisted regeneration systems in the transient conditions of a legislated European driving cycle. Although the model is based on global and approximate reaction schemes, the results illustrate the applicability of simulation tools in the process of optimizing certain important design parameters of the system, such as catalyst and particulate filter sizing and positioning, and catalyst activity requirements. It is expected that such engineering models will be valuable tools in the selection and design of such kind of systems, minimizing the testing effort and the associated costs.

scholarly journals Emissions of a Euro 6b Diesel Passenger Car Retrofitted with a Solid Ammonia Reduction System

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barouch Giechaskiel ◽  
Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa ◽  
Tero Lahde ◽  
Michael Clairotte ◽  
Massimo Carriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
The Road ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Hot Start ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Solid Ammonia

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from diesel vehicles are a serious environmental concern. Prior to the introduction of on-road tests at type approval, vehicle on-road NOx emissions were found many times higher than the applicable limits. Retrofitting an existing vehicle is a short/mid-term solution. We evaluated a NOx reduction retrofit system installed on a Euro 6b diesel passenger car both in the laboratory and on the road. The retrofit consisted of an under-floor SCR (selective catalytic reduction) for NOx catalyst in combination with a solid ammonia-based dosing system as the NOx reductant. The retrofit reduced NOx emissions from 25% (50 mg/km) to 82% (725 mg/km) both in the laboratory and on the road. The minimum reduction was achieved at cold start cycles and the maximum at hot start cycles. The retrofit had small effect on CO2 (fuel consumption). No ammonia emissions were detected and the N2O increase was negligible at cold start cycles, but up to 18 mg/km at hot start cycles. The results showed that the retrofit technology could be beneficial even for high emitting Euro 6b diesel vehicles.

Diesel Vehicle with Ultra-Low NOx Emissions on the Road

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Demuynck ◽  
Cecile Favre ◽  
Dirk Bosteels ◽  
Frank Bunar ◽  
Joachim Spitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nox Emissions ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Diesel Vehicle
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