scholarly journals Performance of KMA-ADAM3 in Identifying Asian Dust Days over Northern China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Jeong Hoon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Dust Events

Recently, the Korea Meteorological Administration developed Asian Dust Aerosol Model version 3 (ADAM3) by incorporating additional parameters into ADAM2, including anthropogenic particulate matter (PM) emissions, modification of dust generation by considering real-time surface vegetation, and assimilations of surface PM observations and satellite-measured aerosol optical depth. This study evaluates the performance of ADAM3 in identifying Asian dust days over the dust source regions in Northern China and their variations according to regions and soil types by comparing its performance with ADAM2 (from January to June of 2017). In all regions the performance of ADAM3 was markedly improved, especially for Northwestern China, where the threat score (TS) and the probability of detection (POD) improved from 5.4% and 5.5% to 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. ADAM3 outperforms ADAM2 for all soil types, especially for the sand-type soil for which TS and POD are improved from 39.2.0% and 50.7% to 48.9% and 68.2%, respectively. Despite these improvements in regions and surface soil types, Asian dust emission formulas in ADAM3 need improvement for the loess-type soils to modulate the overestimation of Asian dust events related to anthropogenic emissions in the Huabei Plain and Manchuria.

scholarly journals Improvements of ADAM3 by Incorporating New Dust Emission Reduction Formulations Based on Real-Time MODIS NDVI

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3139
Author(s):  
Jeong Hoon Cho ◽  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Jinwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Modis Ndvi ◽  
Source Regions

Dust events in Northeast Asia have several adverse effects on human health, agricultural land, infrastructure, and transport. Wind speed is the most important factor in determining the total dust emission at the land surface; however, various land-surface conditions must be considered as well. Recently, the Korea Meteorological Administration updated the dust emission reduction factor (RF) in the Asian Dust Aerosol Model 3 (ADAM3) using data from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We evaluated the improvements of ADAM3 according to soil types. We incorporated new RF formulations in the evaluation based on real-time MODIS NDVI data obtained over the Asian dust source regions in northern China during spring 2017. This incorporation improved the simulation performance of ADAM3 for the PM10 mass concentration in Inner Mongolia and Manchuria for all soil types, except Gobi. The ADAM3 skill scores for sand, loess, and mixed types in a 24 h forecast increased by 6.6%, 20.4%, and 13.3%, respectively, compared with those in forecasts employing the monthly RF based on the NDVI data. As surface conditions in the dust source regions continually change, incorporating real-time vegetation data is critical to improving performance of dust forecast models such as ADAM3.

Prediction of Asian Dust Days over Northern China Using the KMA-ADAM2 Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1777-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungkyu K. Hong ◽  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Sang-Sam Lee
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Dust Events

Abstract This study evaluates the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Asian Dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM2) for Asian dust events over the dust source regions in northern China during the first half of 2017. Using the observed hourly particulate matter (PM) concentration from the China Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) and station weather reports, we find that a threshold value of PM10–PM2.5 = 400 μg m−3 works well in defining an Asian dust event for both the MEP-observed and the ADAM2-simulated data. In northwestern China, ADAM2 underestimates the observed dust days mainly due to underestimation of dust emissions; ADAM2 overestimates the observed Asian dust days over Manchuria due to overestimation of dust emissions. Performance of ADAM2 in estimating Asian dust emissions varies quite systematically according to dominant soil types within each region. The current formulation works well for the Gobi and sand soil types, but substantially overestimates dust emissions for the loess-type soils. This suggests that the ADAM2 model errors are likely to originate from the soil-type-dependent dust emissions formulation and that the formulation for the mixed and loess-type soils needs to be recalibrated. In addition, inability to account for the concentration of fine PMs from anthropogenic sources results in large false-alarm rates over heavily industrialized regions. Direct calculation of PM2.5 in the upcoming ADAM3 model is expected to alleviate the problems related to anthropogenic PMs in identifying Asian dust events.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Analysis of the Dust-Generation Algorithm in ADAM3 by Incorporating Surface-Wetness Effects

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Yunkyu Lim ◽  
Misun Kang ◽  
Jinwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Sensitivity Experiment ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Surface Wetness ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
Source Regions

This study examined the surface-wetness effects in calculating dust generation in source regions, using Asian dust aerosol model version 3 (ADAM3; the control run; CNTL). Model sensitivity experiment was conducted in such a way that the dust generation in CNTL is compared against three ADAM3 versions with various surface-wetness effect schemes. The dust-generation algorithm in ADAM_RAIN utilizes precipitation, while the scheme in ADAM3_SM1 and ADAM3_SM2 employs soil water content to account for the surface-wetness effects on dust generation. Each run was evaluated for the spring (March–May) of 2020. ADAM3_SM1 shows the best performance for the dust source region in East Asia based on the root-mean-square error and the skill score, followed by ADAM3_SM2 and ADAM3_RAIN. Particularly, incorporation of the surface-wetness effects improves dust generation mostly in wet cases rather than dry cases. The three surface-wetness-effect runs reduce dust generation in the source regions compared to CNTL; hence, the inclusion of surface-wetness effects improves dust generation in the regions where CNTL overestimates dust generation.

scholarly journals Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Jikang Wang ◽  
Bihui Zhang ◽  
Hengde Zhang ◽  
Cong Hua ◽  
Linchang An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Wind Model ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Sand And Dust Storm

Northern China experienced a severe sand and dust storm (SDS) on 14/15 March 2021. It was difficult to simulate this severe SDS event accurately. This study compared the performances of three dust-emission schemes on simulating PM10 concentration during this SDS event by implementing three vertical dust flux parameterizations in the Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) model. Additionally, a statistical gusty-wind model was implemented in the dust-emission scheme, and it was used to quantify the gusty-wind contribution to dust emissions and peak PM10 concentration. As a result, the LS scheme (Lu and Shao 1999) produced the minimum errors for peak PM10 concentrations, the MB scheme (Marticorena and Bergametti 1995) underestimated the PM10 concentrations by 70–90%, and the KOK scheme (Kok et al. 2014) overestimated PM10 concentrations by 10–50% in most areas. The gusty-wind model could reasonably reproduce the probability density function of 2-min wind speeds. There were 5–40% more dust-emission flux and 5–40% more peak PM10 concentrations generated by the gusty wind than the hourly wind in the dust-source regions. The increase of peak PM10 concentration caused by gusty wind in the non-dust-source regions was higher than in the dust-source regions, with 10–50%. Implementing the gusty-wind model could help improve the LS scheme’s performance in simulating PM10 concentrations of this severe SDS event. More work is still needed to investigate the reliability of the gusty-wind model and LS scheme on various SDS events.

scholarly journals Seasonal Asian Dust Forecasting Using GloSea5-ADAM

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Sang-Boom Ryoo ◽  
Yun-Kyu Lim ◽  
Young-San Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Temporary Solution ◽  
Dust Events

The springtime dust events in Northeast Asia pose many economic, social, and health-related risks. Statistical models in the forecasting of seasonal dust events do not fully account for environmental variations in dust sources due to climate change. The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) recently developed the GloSea5-ADAM, a numerically based seasonal dust forecasting model, by incorporating the Asian Dust and Aerosol Model (ADAM)’s emission algorithm into Global Seasonal Forecasting Model version 5 (GloSea5). The performance of GloSea5 and GloSea5-ADAM in forecasting seasonal Asian dust events in source (China) and leeward (South Korea) regions was compared. The GloSea5-ADAM solved the limitations of GloSea5, which were mainly attributable to GloSea5′s low bare-soil fraction, and successfully simulated 2017 springtime dust emissions over Northeast Asia. The results show that GloSea5-ADAM’s 2017 and 2018 forecasts were consistent with surface PM10 mass concentrations observed in China and South Korea, while there was a large gap in 2019. This study shows that the geographical distribution and physical properties of soil in dust source regions are important. The GloSea5-ADAM model is only a temporary solution and is limited in its applicability to Northeast Asia; therefore, a globally applicable dust emission algorithm that considers a wide variety of soil properties must be developed.

Possible Explanation for Interannual Variations in Trans-Pacific Transport of East Asian Dust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxing Wang ◽  
Yiran Peng ◽  
Tianliang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Asian Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Source Regions

<p>East Asian dust aerosols prevail during spring season and transport cross Pacific Ocean. Satellite retrieval data show that dust AOD in downwind plume region over Pacific is significantly high and extends northward and eastward in 2003 comparing to 2002. In this study, we investigate the possible mechanism behind the differences in dust plume over Pacific by analyzing aerosol observations from CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) and MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer) satellite platforms and ERA-Interim reanalysis data of meteorological fields. Firstly, we derive dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) in spring of 2002 and 2003 from MISR data by referring to the climatological mass ratio of dust to total aerosol from CALIPSO aerosol retrievals during 2007-2016. Second, we illustrate the axis of dust plume over Pacific by mimicking the center-of-gravity method for dust distribution, which clearly demonstrates that the axis shifts more northward and eastward and dust AOD is noticeably higher in April to May of 2003 than 2002. Thirdly, we look into the relationships between dust AOD and meteorological fields. Our results show that stronger surface wind speed in Northwest China (the source regions of East Asian dust) leads to higher dust emission in spring of 2003 than 2002. The updraft velocity in dust source regions is also stronger in 2003, which favors the uplifting of emitted dust. The precipitation over Pacific shows similar pattern between 2002 and 2003, indicating that wet deposition of dust has similar impacts on the dust aerosol transported cross Pacific Ocean. Lastly, we found that stronger southerly wind prevails over western North Pacific in May of 2003 than 2002, where negative vorticity is observed and might be related to certain features of Rossby wave. It is likely responsible for the northward axis of dust plume over Pacific. Therefore we conclude that the stronger and more easterly extended dust plume over Pacific Ocean in 2003 is resulted from excessive dust emission and stronger uplift in dust source regions of East Asia. The stronger southerly winds cause to the further northward axis of dust plume over western North Pacific. In the current stage, we extend the above investigation for the past two decades, to explain the interannual variations of East Asian dust related to emission in source regions, Trans-Pacific transport, meteorological fields and climatic indices.</p>

scholarly journals Data assimilation of CALIPSO aerosol observations

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5785-5808 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Sekiyama ◽  
T. Y. Tanaka ◽  
A. Shimizu ◽  
T. Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Sea Salt Aerosols ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
First Time

Abstract. We have developed an advanced data assimilation system for a global aerosol model with a four-dimensional ensemble Kalman filter in which the Level 1B data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) were successfully assimilated for the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge. A one-month data assimilation cycle experiment for dust, sulfate, and sea-salt aerosols was performed in May 2007. The results were validated via two independent observations: 1) the ground-based lidar network in East Asia, managed by the National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan, and 2) weather reports of aeolian dust events in Japan. Detailed four-dimensional structures of aerosol outflows from source regions over oceans and continents for various particle types and sizes were well reproduced. The intensity of dust emission at each grid point was also globally corrected. These results are valuable for the comprehensive analysis of aerosol behavior as well as aerosol forecasting.

scholarly journals Data assimilation of CALIPSO aerosol observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Sekiyama ◽  
T. Y. Tanaka ◽  
A. Shimizu ◽  
T. Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
Data Assimilation System ◽  
Assimilation System

Abstract. We have developed an advanced data assimilation system for a global aerosol model with a four-dimensional ensemble Kalman filter in which the Level 1B data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) were successfully assimilated for the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge. A one-month data assimilation cycle experiment for dust, sulfate, and sea-salt aerosols was performed in May 2007. The results were validated via two independent observations: 1) the ground-based lidar network in East Asia, managed by the National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan, and 2) weather reports of aeolian dust events in Japan. Detailed four-dimensional structures of aerosol outflows from source regions over oceans and continents for various particle types and sizes were well reproduced. The intensity of dust emission at each grid point was also corrected by this data assimilation system. These results are valuable for the comprehensive analysis of aerosol behavior as well as aerosol forecasting.

scholarly journals New developments in the representation of Saharan dust sources in the aerosol–climate model ECHAM6-HAM2

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Heinold ◽  
Ina Tegen ◽  
Kerstin Schepanski ◽  
Jamie R. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Moist Convection ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Infrared Imager ◽  
Dust Sources ◽  
Dust Events

Abstract. In the aerosol–climate model ECHAM6-HAM2, dust source activation (DSA) observations from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite are proposed to replace the original source area parameterization over the Sahara Desert. The new setup is tested in nudged simulations for the period 2007 to 2008. The evaluation is based on comparisons to dust emission events inferred from MSG dust index imagery, Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer observations, and satellite retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT).The model results agree well with AERONET measurements especially in terms of seasonal variability, and a good spatial correlation was found between model results and MSG-SEVIRI (Spinning-Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) dust AOT as well as Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) AOT. ECHAM6-HAM2 computes a more realistic geographical distribution and up to 20 % higher annual Saharan dust emissions, using the MSG-based source map. The representation of dust AOT is partly improved in the southern Sahara and Sahel. In addition, the spatial variability is increased towards a better agreement with observations depending on the season. Thus, using the MSG DSA map can help to circumvent the issue of uncertain soil input parameters.An important issue remains the need to improve the model representation of moist convection and stable nighttime conditions. Compared to sub-daily DSA information from MSG-SEVIRI and results from a regional model, ECHAM6-HAM2 notably underestimates the important fraction of morning dust events by the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet, while a major contribution is from afternoon-to-evening emissions.

scholarly journals Quantifying local-scale dust emission from the Arabian Red Sea coastal plain

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatolii Anisimov ◽  
Weichun Tao ◽  
Georgiy Stenchikov ◽  
Stoitchko Kalenderski ◽  
P. Jish Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Dust Generation ◽  
Close Proximity

Abstract. Dust plumes emitted from the narrow Arabian Red Sea coastal plain are often observed on satellite images and felt in local population centers. Despite its relatively small area, the coastal plane could be a significant dust source, however, its effect is not well quantified as it is not well approximated in global or even regional models. In addition, because of close proximity to the Red Sea, a significant amount of dust from the coastal areas could be deposited into the Red Sea and serve as a vital component of the nutrient balance of marine ecosystems. In the current study, we apply the off-line fine-resolution version of the Community Land Model version-4 (CLM4) land surface model to better quantify dust emission from the coastal plain. We verify the spatial and temporal variability of model results using independent station reports. We also compare the results with the MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero) reanalysis. We show that the best results are obtained with 1-km spatial resolution and dust source function based on Meteosat Second Generation Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) measurements. We present the dust emission spatial pattern, estimates of seasonal and diurnal variability of dust event frequency and intensity, and discuss the emission regime in the major dust generation hot spot areas. We demonstrate the contrasting seasonal dust cycles in the northern and southern parts of the coastal plain and discuss the physical mechanisms responsible for dust generation. The total dust emission from the coastal plain appears to be 7.5 Mt per year, with over 65 % of dust emitted from its northern part. The mineralogical composition analysis suggests that the coastal plain generates around 76 Kt of iron oxides and 6 Kt of phosphorus annually. Given the structure of wind circulation in this area and close proximity of the dust hot spots to the sea, we can expect that a significant amount of emitted dust is deposited to the sea, almost matching the annual deposition from major dust storms.

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