scholarly journals Quantifying the Economic Cost of Reducing GHG Emissions through Changes in Household Demand: A Linear Multi-Sectoral Approach for European Countries

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Alfredo J. Mainar-Causapé ◽  
Margarita I. Barrera-Lozano ◽  
Patricia D. Fuentes-Saguar
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Service Sectors

The mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions can be approached in various ways: from the supply side, by using improvements in technologies and input uses; and from the changes in the demand for products, by influencing consumer behavior to achieve a more sustainable consumption pattern. Either way it can be approached using multi-sectoral data based on an input–output or on a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) framework, although a suitable database and the proposal of appropriate indicators are needed. A suitable database is developed through the estimation of new SAMs for the latest possible period, that of year 2015. This paper focuses on the demand approach: that of changes in the demand for products. It analyzes the different impacts among activities and commodities of a change in domestic household consumption patterns, compares the potential reductions in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions obtained through the reduction of specific demands, and considers the consequent reduction in output and employment. For this purpose, a linear multi-sectoral analysis is employed that focuses on the main EU member states. Despite major differences between countries, the results show that a decrease in emissions through demand-reduction policies exerts greater negative effects on those less polluting sectors with a higher intensity in the labor force, and offers a more suitable option for those highly polluting sectors with a lower concentration of the work factor. Richer countries that are based on service sectors therefore suffer a sharper drop in employment using this kind of policy.

scholarly journals A Worldwide Hotspot Analysis on Food Loss and Waste, Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Protein Losses

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhen Guo ◽  
Jan Broeze ◽  
Jim J. Groot ◽  
Heike Axmann ◽  
Martijntje Vollebregt
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Hotspot Analysis ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Versus Protein ◽  
Global Food

Reducing food loss and waste (FLW) is prioritized in UN sustainable development goals (SDG) target 12.3 to contribute to “ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns”. It is expected to significantly improve global food security and mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Identifying “hotspots” from different perspectives of sustainability helps to prioritize the food items for which interventions can lead to the largest reduction of FLW-related impacts. Existing studies in this field have limitations, such as having incomplete geographical and food commodity coverage, using outdated data, and focusing on the mass of FLW instead of its nutrient values. To provide renewed and more informative insights, we conducted a global hotspot analysis concerning FLW with its associated GHG emissions and protein losses using the most recent data (the new FAO Food Balance Sheets updated in 2020). The findings of this research are that there were 1.9 Gt of FLW, 2.5 Gt of associated GHG emissions, and 0.1 Gt of associated protein losses globally in 2017. The results of the FLW amounts, GHG emissions, and protein losses per chain link are given on the scale of the entire world and continental regions. Next to this, food items with relatively high FLW, GHG emissions, and protein losses are highlighted to provide the implications to policymakers for better decision making. For example, fruits and vegetables contribute the most to global FLW volumes, but the product with the highest FLW-associated GHG emissions is bovine meat. For bovine meat, FLW-associated GHG emissions are highest at the consumer stage of North America and Oceania. Oil crops are the major source of protein losses in the global food chain. Another important finding with policy implications is that priorities for FLW reduction vary, dependent on prioritized sustainability criteria (e.g., GHG emissions versus protein losses).

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Forest Supply Chain in Austria in the Year 2018

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Martin Kühmaier ◽  
Iris Kral ◽  
Christian Kanzian
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Forest Supply Chain

Wood is a renewable product, but for the supply of wood non-renewable materials are also necessary, which can have negative environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to analyze the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the forest supply chain in Austria using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The forest supply chain consists of several processes like site preparation and tending, harvesting, and transport. In total, 30 relevant forest processes from seedling production until delivery of wood to the plant gate were considered. Results show that in the year 2018, a total of 492,096 t of CO2 eq. were emitted in Austria for harvesting and transportation of 19.2 hm³ of timber. This corresponds to 25.63 kg CO2 eq. per m³. At 77%, transport accounts for the largest share of emissions within the supply chain. Extraction causes 14% of emissions, felling and processing cause 5%, and chipping causes 4%. GHG emissions for felling, delimbing, and crosscutting are much lower when using a chainsaw compared to harvester. The high numbers for the transport can be explained by the high transportation distances. Especially for the transportation of wood, it is necessary to find more climate-friendly solutions from a technical and organizational point of view. The provision of wood is climate-friendly, and its use enables the substitution of fossil fuels or materials with higher negative effects on climate change such as aluminum, steel, or concrete.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM HAND TUNNELING AND PILOT TUBE METHOD UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION METHODS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadegh Mohit ◽  
Mahsa Ahmadian Nezhad Monfared ◽  
Chao Kang ◽  
Alireza Bayat
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Underground Construction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Aging Infrastructure

The negative effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, such as climate change and global warming, have become major environmental concerns, especially for the construction industry, which is the third-highest source of GHG emissions among industrialized countries. Presently, underground utility projects are considered one of the most common types of construction, primarily due to aging infrastructure across North America and the subsequent rehabilitation of old pipelines and installation of new pipelines and facilities. Given the increasing demand being placed on the industry, the need to study airborne emissions associated with different underground construction technologies has risen, which will be helpful in selecting the most sustainable underground construction methods. This study investigates pollutant emission from two common trenchless methods used in underground construction, hand tunneling and pilot-tube method (PTM), through their varying GHG footprint sources and emissions measured by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This paper analyzes a case from Edmonton, Canada, in which both PTM and hand tunneling were used by comparing the suggested indexes, including HC, CO, NOx, PM, CO2, and SO2. In this case study, both methods were used in the installation of a new 68-cm diameter (27 in.) clay sewer line with an overburden depth of 12.9 m (42 ft) and length of 60 m (197 ft). Results indicated that the amount of airborne emissions was reduced between 17% and 36% through the use of PTM compared to the traditional hand tunnelling method.

Consumption pattern, trade, and greenhouse gas leakage in India

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMPRASAD SENGUPTA ◽  
GEETESH BHARDWAJ
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Global Responsibility ◽  
The People ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Data Constraints

The policy discussions for sharing the global responsibility for abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by individual countries take account neither of the pattern of their final consumption nor of the role of globalization through trade in the leakage of GHGs across national boundaries. This paper gives the methodology of estimating the total emissions of a GHG, which is imputable to the consumption pattern of a country and the effect of trade on the net leakage of such gas. The paper estimates the effect of trade on the net leakage of carbon dioxide and methane from India. It shows a significant net leakage of carbon dioxide from India for the observed consumption pattern in the 1990s. In spite of the difficulty of application of the method of estimating the leakage due to data constraints regarding regularly updated input–output tables for the different countries, the results point to the necessity of using some policy measure to influence globally the preference structure of the people in favour of eco-friendly consumption patterns.

Consumer Shopping Orientation and Intention to Book a Hotel: the Moderating Role of Sustainable Initiatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Christina Appiah-Nimo ◽  
Gloria K.Q. Agyapong ◽  
Daniel Ofori
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Shopping Orientation ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Cognitive Decision ◽  
Business Approach

UN sustainable development goals has triggered production and consumption patterns aimed at achieving a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030. Sustainable value chain has become a business approach to mitigate the tragedy of the commons. Initiatives that promote socially and environmentally responsible behavior whiles pursuing business value is being leveraged across all economic sectors. COVID-19 has exposed how today's business is threatened more than ever by unsustainable production and consumer behavior patterns. The hospitality sector has not been left out of this challenge as the tourism industry was the worst hit by this pandemic. All over the world, the growth of the tourism industry is propelled by the movement of people and the subsequent need created for the hospitality sector. The global health crises, coupled with consumers' growing interest for sustainable environment has fueled the desire for more eco-friendly products by the sector. Moreover, every consumer goes through a cognitive decision-making process to finally make a choice for a product - and there is a high probability of the decision to inform the sustainable consumption pattern of the consumer and also the magnitude of the effect the decision will have on the environment. This implies that every consumer purchase has implications regarding not only economics (Stone, 1954) but ethics and sustainability. Keywords: consumer booking intention, shopping orientation, sustainable initiatives

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