scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characterization of an Urban Rainwater (Zagreb, Croatia)

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palma Orlović-Leko ◽  
Kristijan Vidović ◽  
Irena Ciglenečki ◽  
Dario Omanović ◽  
Mathieu Dutour Sikirić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Reference Element ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Complexing Capacity

The characterization of organic matter (OM) and trace elements (TEs) was conducted in bulk precipitation samples collected in an urban area of Croatia (Zagreb center), from January 2009 to October 2011 (N = 31). Characterization of OM was performed by measurement of dissolved (DOC) and particulate forms of organic carbon (POC), as well as surface-active substances, copper complexing capacity and reduced sulfur species which were determined electrochemically. Concentrations of TEs (Al, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ba, Mn, Cu, Sr, Ti, Pb, V, Ni, Rb, Sb, As, Sn, Se, Co, Cd, Mo) were analyzed by HR ICP-MS. The most important outcome of this study is confirmed relatively low concentrations of DOC (0.69–4.86 mgC L−1) and TEs. Daily fluxes of Zn, Pb, Ni, As, and Cd were two to three times lower than that of those reported for an urban industrial site in Europe. Additionally, this study shows that the value and reactivity of rainwater DOC has not considerably changed if compared with the results from the 1998–1999 study (0.78–4.39 mgC L−1). High traffic density and thermal power plants are assumed to be the main local sources of pollutants in Zagreb. Using Al as a reference element, it was found that Cd, Sb, and Cu were associated with anthropogenic sources. The solubility of Sr, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, and Rb was higher than 70%. Another critical characteristic of precipitation composition is episodic variation in POC concentration because of Saharan dust transport. Obtained data can be valuable for environmental quality assessment, as well as for insight into atmospheric deposition processes.

scholarly journals Aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome, Italy, and their impact on the UV index

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Campanelli ◽  
Anna Maria Siani ◽  
Alcide di Sarra ◽  
Anna Maria Iannarelli ◽  
Paolo Sanò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Primary Parameter ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The aerosol optical characteristics in the urban area of Rome were retrieved over a period of 7 years from March to September 2010–2016. The impact of aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA), optical depth (AOD), estimated at 400 nm, and Ångström exponent on the ultraviolet (UV) index has been analyzed. Aerosol optical properties are provided by a PREDE-POM sun-sky radiometer of the ESR/SKYNET network and the UV index values were retrieved by a Brewer spectrophotometer both located in Rome. Chemical characterization of urban PM10 (particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter) samples, collected during the URBan Sustainability Related to Observed and Monitored Aerosol (URBS ROMA) intensive filed campaign held in summer 2011 in the same site, was performed. PM macro-components were grouped in order to evaluate the contribution of the main macro-sources (SOIL, SEA, SECONDARY INORGANIC, ORGANICS and TRAFFIC) and the analysis of the modulation of their concentration was found to strongly affects the absorption capability of the atmosphere over Rome. The surface forcing efficiency, provided by the decreasing trend of UV index with AOD, which is the primary parameter affecting the surface irradiance, was found very significant, probably masking the dependence of UV index on SSA and Ångström exponents. Moreover it was found greater for larger particles and with a more pronounced slope at the smaller solar zenith angle. In Rome large particles are generally less absorbing since related to the presence of SOIL and SEA components in the atmosphere. The former contribution was found much higher in summer months because of the numerous episodes of Saharan dust transport.

scholarly journals Assessment of Characteristics of Acid Mine Drainage Treated with Fly Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3910
Author(s):  
Saba Shirin ◽  
Aarif Jamal ◽  
Christina Emmanouil ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abandoned Coal Mines

Acid mine drainage (AMD) occurs naturally in abandoned coal mines, and it contains hazardous toxic elements in varying concentrations. In the present research, AMD samples collected from an abandoned mine were treated with fly ash samples from four thermal power plants in Singrauli Coalfield in the proximate area, at optimized concentrations. The AMD samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and metal content before and after fly ash treatment. Morphological, geochemical and mineralogical characterization of the fly ash was performed using SEM, XRF and XRD. This laboratory-scale investigation indicated that fly ash had appreciable neutralization potential, increasing AMD pH and decreasing elemental and sulfate concentrations. Therefore, fly ash may be effectively used for AMD neutralization, and its suitability for the management of coalfield AMD pits should be assessed further.

scholarly journals CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF SATELLITE DATA ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND VEGETATION INDEXES IN THE TERRITORY OF DONBASS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
F.V. Nedopekin ◽  
◽  
N.S. Shestavin ◽  
V.V. Yurchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Vegetation Indexes

Using the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research satellite data on the annual global carbon dioxide emissions, their distributions in the Donbass were obtained for the period from 2013 to 2018, indicating their main anthropogenic sources: large cities, thermal power plants and metallurgical plants. Control points were selected near and far from the largest sources of carbon dioxide emissions and, with the help of the resources of the Shared Use Center, systems for archiving, processing and analysis of satellite data of the Institute of Space Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the average annual vegetation indexes in the territory of Donbass and at control points for the same period of time were determined. A comparison was made of the reflection intensities in the near infrared and red regions of the spectrum, as well as the normalized relative vegetation indexes at these control points. It is indicated that there is no direct correlation between the values of vegetation indexes and the concentration of carbon dioxide in a given period of time. A sharp decrease in the volume of biomass was noted in a number of control points due to the appearance of signs of drought in the Black Sea region, as well as a significant increase in wild vegetation in the conflict zone in the eastern regions of Donbass.

Chemical characterization of feed coals and combustion-by-products from Brazilian power plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda S. Depoi ◽  
Dirce Pozebon ◽  
Wolfgang D. Kalkreuth
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Saharan dust levels in Greece and received inhalation doses

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 7181-7192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mitsakou ◽  
G. Kallos ◽  
N. Papantoniou ◽  
C. Spyrou ◽  
S. Solomos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dust Transport

Abstract. The desert of Sahara is one of the major sources of mineral dust on Earth, producing around 2×108 tons/yr. Under certain weather conditions, dust particles from Saharan desert get transported over the Mediterranean Sea and most of Europe. The limiting values set by the directive EC/30/1999 of European Union can easily be exceeded by the transport of desert dust particles in the south European Region and especially in urban areas, where there is also significant contribution from anthropogenic sources. In this study, the effects of dust transport on air quality in several Greek urban areas are quantified. PM10 concentration values from stationary monitoring stations are compared to dust concentrations for the 4-year period 2003–2006. The dust concentration values in the Greek areas were estimated by the SKIRON modelling system coupled with embedded algorithms describing the dust cycle. The mean annual dust contribution to daily-averaged PM10 concentration values was found to be around or even greater than 10% in the urban areas throughout the years examined. Natural dust transport may contribute by more than 20% to the annual number of exceedances – PM10 values greater than EU limits – depending on the specific monitoring location. In a second stage of the study, the inhaled lung dose received by the residents in various Greek locations is calculated. The particle deposition efficiency of mineral dust at the different parts of the human respiratory tract is determined by applying a lung dosimetry numerical model, which incorporates inhalation dynamics and aerosol physical processes. The inhalation dose from mineral dust particles was greater in the upper respiratory system (extrathoracic region) and less significant in the lungs, especially in the sensitive alveolar region. However, in cases of dust episodes, the amounts of mineral dust deposited along the human lung are comparable to those received during exposure in heavily polluted urban or smoking areas.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Deposition: Sampling Procedures, Analytical Methods, and Main Recent Findings from the Scientific Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amodio ◽  
S. Catino ◽  
P. R. Dambruoso ◽  
G. de Gennaro ◽  
A. Di Gilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Diagnostic Ratios ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Sampling Procedures

The atmosphere is a carrier on which some natural and anthropogenic organic and inorganic chemicals are transported, and the wet and dry deposition events are the most important processes that remove those chemicals, depositing it on soil and water. A wide variety of different collectors were tested to evaluate site-specificity, seasonality and daily variability of settleable particle concentrations. Deposition fluxes of POPs showed spatial and seasonal variations, diagnostic ratios of PAHs on deposited particles, allowed the discrimination between pyrolytic or petrogenic sources. Congener pattern analysis and bulk deposition fluxes in rural sites confirmed long-range atmospheric transport of PCDDs/Fs. More and more sophisticated and newly designed deposition samplers have being used for characterization of deposited mercury, demonstrating the importance of rain scavenging and the relatively higher magnitude of Hg deposition from Chinese anthropogenic sources. Recently biological monitors demonstrated that PAH concentrations in lichens were comparable with concentrations measured in a conventional active sampler in an outdoor environment. In this review the authors explore the methodological approaches used for the assessment of atmospheric deposition, from the analysis of the sampling methods, the analytical procedures for chemical characterization of pollutants and the main results from the scientific literature.

scholarly journals Microstuctural analysis and determination of PM10 emission sources in an industrial Mediterranean city

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Tolis ◽  
Evangelos Gkanas ◽  
Eleni Pavlidou ◽  
Athina Skemperi ◽  
Jorge Pey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Sea Breezes ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
High Temperature Processes ◽  
Combustion Processes

AbstractScientists are interested in knowing more about the control of sources which contribute to environmental pollution. Air pollution has two main sources: anthropogenic and natural sources. The natural contributions to environmental pollution can be assessed, but cannot be totally controlled. while the emissions from the anthropogenic sources can be controlled. These air pollutants can be dispersed and transferred by winds in the atmosphere. The focus area of this study is the Mediterranean basin. The most important winds in this area are the land and sea breezes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was applied to characterize the morphology of the PM10 samples in order to identify possible emission sources for the occuring pollution. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed for the elemental analysis and chemical characterization of the PM10 samples. The analysis showed that the PM10 samples can be divided into three different groups: the samples containing mineral phases, the compounds from combustion processes and the particles emitted from high-temperature processes.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characterization of slag waste coming from GICC thermal power plant

2001 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Acosta ◽  
M Aineto ◽  
I Iglesias ◽  
M Romero ◽  
J.Ma. Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Slag Waste
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