scholarly journals Modeling the Effects of Explicit Urban Canopy Representation on the Development of Thunderstorms above a Tropical Mega City

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
José Flores-Rojas ◽  
Augusto Pereira-Filho ◽  
Hugo Karam ◽  
Felipe Vemado ◽  
Valéry Masson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Regional Prediction ◽  
Precipitation Estimates

The effects of an explicit three dimensional (3D) urban canopy representation on the development of convective thunderstorms were analyzed with the tropical town energy budget (tTEB) scheme integrated into the advanced regional prediction system (ARPS). The study provides a detailed description of the procedure to couple the system ARPS-tTEB and analyzed the simulation results of the 12 January 2015 sea-breeze event that developed a severe thunderstorm above the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP), Brazil. The simulation used realistic boundary and initial conditions from the Global Forecast System (GFS) and sea surface temperature (SST) from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). The system ARPS-tTEB runs of up to 3 km horizontal resolution were carried out with high resolution topography features and land-use types currently available for Southeastern Brazil. The simulated spatial distribution of precipitation was verified against the Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH), the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and the São Paulo weather radar (SPWR) precipitation estimates by indexes scores. Time series of grid precipitation estimates (ARPS-tTEB and SPWR) and point measurements (rain gauges) were evaluated with a Bayesian statistical method. Results indicate that the urban area of the MASP modulates the precipitation spatial distribution over it. Furthermore, phase and amplitude precipitation accuracy increased with the 3D urban canyon and the urban energy budget scheme in relationship to control runs without urban environment effects.

scholarly journals Validação das previsões de três ondas de frio pelo modelo GFS no Centro-Norte do Estado de São Paulo e Triângulo Mineiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1994
Author(s):  
Vinícius Lucyrio ◽  
Mateus Dias Nunes ◽  
Michelle Simões Reboita ◽  
Murilo Da Costa Ruv Lemes
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cold Waves ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Gfs Model ◽  
São Paulo State

As ondas de frio são períodos de declínio acentuado da temperatura do ar que podem causar prejuízos econômicos e problemas de saúde pública. Por isso, a previsão desses sistemas atmosféricos se faz importante. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo é validar a previsão do modelo GFS em três casos de ondas de frio (OF) sobre Estado de São Paulo e Triângulo Mineiro. Para isso, foi feita a análise sinótica de três OF a partir das condições iniciais do GFS, e de parâmetros observados em 22 estações meteorológicas automáticas (EMA) do INMET, que foram agrupadas em três categorias dependendo do tipo de relevo (topo, encosta e baixada). Foram validadas as previsões de 72, 48 e 24 horas dos campos sinóticos em relação às análises do modelo e aos dados medidos em EMA. As análises estatísticas indicaram que nos três casos houve um viés predominantemente negativo na previsão de T2M, sendo mais acentuado no horário das 0900 UTC, próximo do horário da temperatura mínima; as EMA de baixada apresentaram um erro médio maior. Nos campos sinóticos, foi constatado nos três casos que o viés das variáveis atmosféricas tende a diminuir com a aproximação do dia pico da OF, com maiores erros na previsão de 72 horas. Validation of the forecasting of three cold waves by GFS model over Center-North of São Paulo State and Triângulo Mineiro A B S T R A C TCold waves are periods of sharp decline in air temperature that can cause economic damage and public health problems. Therefore, the forecast of these atmospheric systems is important. Then, the objective of the present study is to validate the prediction of the Global Forecast System (GFS) model in three cases of cold waves (OF) over São Paulo State and Triângulo Mineiro. For this purpose, synoptic analysis of the three OF was made through the initial conditions of the GFS and parameters observed in 22 automatic meteorological stations (EMA) from INMET, which were grouped into three categories depending on the type of topography (top, slope and valley). The 72, 48 and 24-hour predictions of the synoptic fields were validated in relation to the analysis of the model and the data measured at EMA. Statistical analysis showed a negative bias in the T2M forecast in the three cases of OF bias, being more pronounced at 0900 UTC, close to the minimum temperature time; EMA located in valley had a higher average error. In the synoptic fields, the bias of atmospheric variables tends to decrease with the approach of the peak day of OF, with greater errors in the 72-hour forecast.Keywords: cold waves, southeastern Brazil, weather forecast, GFS model

scholarly journals Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea Latreille, 1802: new continent record and distribution extension in Brazil

Check List ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Juventina Magrini ◽  
Paula Beatriz Araujo ◽  
Marcio Uehara-Prado
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
First Time

Terrestrial Isopods were sampled in four protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 2,217 individuals of six species (Atlantoscia sp., Benthana werneri, Pseudodiploexochus tabularis, Pudeoniscus obscurus, Styloniscus spinosus and Trichorhina sp.) were captured in pitfall traps. The exotic species S. spinosus is recorded for the first time for the Americas. Another introduced species, P. tabularis, previously recorded only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, had its geographic distribution extended to the state of São Paulo. The most abundant isopods in this study belong to an undescribed species of Atlantoscia.

A new species of the highland frog genus Holoaden (Amphibia, Strabomantidae) from cloud forests of southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3599 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
ITAMAR A. MARTINS ◽  
HUSSAM ZAHER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the genus Holoaden is described from the Atlantic forest of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, being restricted to primary or slightly disturbed high altitude cloud forests along the northeastern portion of the Serra do Mar. The typelocality is determined as Estação Ecológica de Bananal, in the Municipality of Bananal, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The new species is characterized by its moderate body size (female 42.6–44.2 mm SVL; male 37.2–38.5 mm SVL) with long and slender limbs, a head wider than long, a highly glandular dorsum, covered by well developed macroglands that extend to the internasal region, thigh and tibia, and an intense dark brown dorsal coloration and dark grey ventral surface.

scholarly journals Human disease in ribeira valley, brazil caused by caraparu, a group c arbovirus - Report of a case

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lygia Busch Iversson ◽  
Amélia P. A. Travassos da Rosa ◽  
Terezinha Lisieux M. Coimbra ◽  
Ivani Bisordi Ferreira ◽  
Elza da Silva Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Antigenic Relationship ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Antigenic Difference ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

The clinical and laboratory data of a disease in a resident of Ribeira Valley, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, caused by an agent close or identical to Caraparu, a Group C arbovirus, was described. Although there is evidence of an intensive circulation of several arboviruses in the area, no diagnosis of human disease by these agents has been made, except the encephalitis cases caused by Rocio virus during an epidemic in 1975-1977. An antigenic difference between Caraparu strains isolated in São Paulo and in Pará States and a close antigenic relationship between Caraparu strain from São Paulo and Bruconha virus were suggested by the serological tests.

scholarly journals Body mass index percentiles in adolescents of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and their comparison with international parameters

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida Zanetti Passos ◽  
Isa de Pádua Cintra ◽  
Lúcia Maria Branco ◽  
Helymar da Costa Machado ◽  
Mauro Fisberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The City

OBJECTIVE: To describe the percentile distribution of body mass index (BMI) in school adolescents, by gender and age, comparing them with international parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 8,020 adolescents aged 10-15 years from 43 schools in the city of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. BMI values of the study sample were distributed in percentiles and compared to international parameters (CDC, Must and cols. and Cole and cols.). RESULTS: Both male and female adolescents aged 10 to 14 years showed BMI cut-offs over the international parameters, especially in the P50-P85 percentile range. At the age of 15, the observed values were very similar to reference data; however, BMI values in the 95th percentile were much higher than international parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The study results show how important it is to use adequate BMI values for Brazilian adolescents aged 10-15 since international parameters may not reflect the actual nutritional status of this group.

scholarly journals Fruit flies in a guava orchard in Indiana county, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Espolador São João ◽  
Sônia Maria N. M. Montes ◽  
Adalton Raga
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Indiana County

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and risk of oral cancer: a case-control study in São Paulo, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
José Francisco de Góis Filho ◽  
Luiz Paulo Kowalski ◽  
Marcos Brasilino de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
P Value ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between dietary patterns and oral cancer. METHODS: The study, part of a Latin American multicenter hospital-based case-control study, was conducted in São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between November 1998 and March 2002 and included 366 incident cases of oral cancer and 469 controls, frequency-matched with cases by sex and age. Dietary data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The risk associated with the intake of food groups defined a posteriori, through factor analysis (called factors), was assessed. The first factor, labeled "prudent," was characterized by the intake of vegetables, fruit, cheese, and poultry. The second factor, "traditional," consisted of the intake of rice, pasta, pulses, and meat. The third factor, "snacks," was characterized as the intake of bread, butter, salami, cheese, cakes, and desserts. The fourth, "monotonous," was inversely associated with the intake of fruit, vegetables and most other food items. Factor scores for each component retained were calculated for cases and controls. After categorization of factor scores into tertiles according to the distribution of controls, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using unconditional multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: "Traditional" factor showed an inverse association with cancer (OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.32; 0.81, p-value for trend 0.14), whereas "monotonous" was positively associated with the outcome (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.78; 2.85, p-value for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study data suggest that the traditional Brazilian diet, consisting of rice and beans plus moderate amounts of meat, may confer protection against oral cancer, independently of any other risk factors such as alcohol intake and smoking.

scholarly journals Amphibians and reptiles of the Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), SP: an Atlantic Forest remnant of Southeastern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cybele de Oliveira Araujo ◽  
Thais Helena Condez ◽  
Rafael Parelli Bovo ◽  
Fernanda da Cruz Centeno ◽  
Amom Mendes Luiz
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The South ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
São Paulo State

The herpetofauna of São Paulo State, Brazil, can be characterized as the most well-known in the country. However, despite the large number of studies in this area, there are still many sampling gaps within biomes such as the Atlantic Forest that are considered global conservation priorities due to the high rate of endemism and human disturbance. As a result of political and historical pressure, this biome has been reduced to less than 12% of its original extent and, despite its importance for global biodiversity conservation, only a small percentage of its original vegetation cover (1%) has some form of legal protection. This is the case of the Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR) which, together with the Parque Estadual de Intervales, Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho and Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação de Jacupiranga, forms of an ombrophilous forest continuum of 360 thousand ha in the south of São Paulo State. This study presents a list of amphibians and reptiles from the PETAR, with information on the local distribution and habitat use of the species. The survey was conducted from October to December 2009, completing a total of 15 sampling days using four complementary methods of active sampling: visual encounters, auditory encounters, searches by car and incidental encounters. We recorded a total of 91 species belonging to 53 genera and 24 families. This high diversity can be attributed to the existence of a wide variety of habitats and microhabitats in this region, such as the various aquatic sites used by many species of anuran amphibians. Moreover, the PETAR features a large altitudinal gradient (80 - 1,160 m elevation) that gives a large climatic, geological and hydrological heterogeneity to the area. This inventory is an important contribution to the expansion of knowledge about these assemblages in the Atlantic Forest to the south of Serra de Paranapiacaba mountain range, and provides support for the conservation of these groups in São Paulo State.

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