scholarly journals Simulation of an Asian Dust Storm Event in May 2017

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Song ◽  
Jianfang Fei ◽  
Changshun Li ◽  
Xiaogang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Dust Size Distribution ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
Local Dust

Dust particles in the atmosphere play an important role in air pollution, climate change, and biogeochemical cycles. Some of the dominant sources of dust in mid-latitude regions are in Asia. An intense dust storm engulfed Northern China at the beginning of May 2017, and PM10 mass concentrations of 1500–2000 μg m−3 were measured near the dust source region. We combined numerical simulations, air quality monitoring data, and satellite retrievals to investigate dust emission and transport during this event. We found that the event was closely related to cold front activity, characterized by increased wind speed, which increased dust emission. We improved the dust scheme using a local dust size distribution to better simulate the dust emission flux. We found that accurate parametrization of the dust size distribution was important to effectively simulate both dust emission and ambient particle concentration. We showed that using a local dust size distribution substantially improved the accuracy of the simulation, allowing both the spatial distribution of pollution caused by the dust storm and temporal variability in the pollution to be captured.

scholarly journals Simulation of a Severe Sand and Dust Storm Event in March 2021 in Northern China: Dust Emission Schemes Comparison and the Role of Gusty Wind

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Jikang Wang ◽  
Bihui Zhang ◽  
Hengde Zhang ◽  
Cong Hua ◽  
Linchang An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Wind Model ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Sand And Dust Storm

Northern China experienced a severe sand and dust storm (SDS) on 14/15 March 2021. It was difficult to simulate this severe SDS event accurately. This study compared the performances of three dust-emission schemes on simulating PM10 concentration during this SDS event by implementing three vertical dust flux parameterizations in the Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) model. Additionally, a statistical gusty-wind model was implemented in the dust-emission scheme, and it was used to quantify the gusty-wind contribution to dust emissions and peak PM10 concentration. As a result, the LS scheme (Lu and Shao 1999) produced the minimum errors for peak PM10 concentrations, the MB scheme (Marticorena and Bergametti 1995) underestimated the PM10 concentrations by 70–90%, and the KOK scheme (Kok et al. 2014) overestimated PM10 concentrations by 10–50% in most areas. The gusty-wind model could reasonably reproduce the probability density function of 2-min wind speeds. There were 5–40% more dust-emission flux and 5–40% more peak PM10 concentrations generated by the gusty wind than the hourly wind in the dust-source regions. The increase of peak PM10 concentration caused by gusty wind in the non-dust-source regions was higher than in the dust-source regions, with 10–50%. Implementing the gusty-wind model could help improve the LS scheme’s performance in simulating PM10 concentrations of this severe SDS event. More work is still needed to investigate the reliability of the gusty-wind model and LS scheme on various SDS events.

scholarly journals WRF-Chem simulations of a typical pre-monsoon dust storm in northern India: influences on aerosol optical properties and radiation budget

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2431-2446 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kumar ◽  
M. C. Barth ◽  
G. G. Pfister ◽  
M. Naja ◽  
G. P. Brasseur
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of a typical pre-monsoon season (April–June) dust storm event on the regional aerosol optical properties and radiation budget in northern India is analyzed. The dust storm event lasted from 17 to 22 April 2010 and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) estimated total dust emissions of 7.5 Tg over the model domain. Both in situ (AERONET – Aerosol Robotic Network) and satellite observations show significant increase (> 50%) in local to regional scale aerosol optical depth (AOD) and decrease (> 70%) in the Ångström exponent (α) during this period. Amongst the AERONET sites in this region, Kanpur was influenced the most, where the AOD reached up to 2.1 and the α decreased to −0.09 during the dust storm period. The WRF-Chem model reproduced the spatial and temporal distributions of dust plumes and aerosol optical properties but generally underestimated the AOD. The average MODIS and WRF-Chem AOD (550 nm) values in a subregion (70–80° E, 25–30° N) affected the most by the dust storm are estimated as 0.80 ± 0.30 and 0.68 ± 0.28, respectively. Model results show that dust particles cool the surface and the top of the atmosphere, but warm the atmosphere itself. The radiative perturbation due to dust aerosols averaged over the subregion is estimated as −2.9 ± 3.1 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere, 5.1 ± 3.3 W m−2 in the atmosphere and −8.0 ± 3.3 W m−2 at the surface. The simulated instantaneous cooling under the dust plume was much higher and reached −227 and −70 W m−2 at the surface and the top of the atmosphere, respectively. The impact of these radiative perturbations on the surface energy budget is estimated to be small on a regional scale but significant locally.

scholarly journals Revealing the dust transport processes of the 2021 mega dust storm event in northern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Yang ◽  
Qianqian Liu ◽  
Airui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Dust Storm Event

scholarly journals Size distributions of mineral aerosols and dust emission flux observed over Horqin Sandy Land area in northern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2671-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
H. S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Emission Flux ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Dust Event ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Mineral Aerosols

Abstract. Size distribution of mineral aerosols is of primary importance in determining their residence time in atmosphere, transport patterns, removal mechanisms as well as their effects on climate and human health. This study aims to obtain dust particle size distribution and size-resolved dust emission flux under different weather conditions over a sandy land area in northern China (Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia), using the observational data from Horqin sandstorm monitoring station in the spring of 2010 and 2012. Dust (PM20) mass concentration was measured by a 10-stage quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) cascade impactor. The statistical results indicate that finer dust particles (r ≤ 1.0 μm) take a large proportion of all PM20 concentration under clear-day conditions, while coarser dust particles (r ≥ 2.5 μm) concentration increased under dust-day conditions, with the peak occurring between 4–7 μm. The dust particle size distributions during the pre-dust-emission and dust-emission periods of a dust event on 7 April 2012 have similar features to the statistical results. During the dust event, the magnitude of dust emission flux of all sizes increased about one or two orders (0.1–10 μg m−2 s−1) as u* increase from 0.54 to 1.29 m s−1. The maximum total F value was about 43.0 μg m−2 s−1 and the maximum size-resolved F(Ddi) is 12.3 μg m−2 s−1 in 0.3–0.45 μm size bin when u* is 1.29 m s−1. Dust advection has effects on airborne dust size distribution, making the proportion of dust particles of different sizes more uniform, as observed in a non-local dust event on 19 April 2012.

scholarly journals Observations and transport modeling of dust storm event over Northeast Asia using HYSPLIT: case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Gantuya Ganbat ◽  
Dulam Jugder
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Hysplit Model ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dust Events

This study analyzes a regional dust storm event that occurred in spring 2016 using data from observation sites, Lidar measurements, and satellite imageries. PM10 concentrations at surface observation stations are considered as a primary indicator of the dust events. The dust events occurred on 3-12 March with PM10 reaching a maximum beyond 1682, 1498, 706, and 165 μg m−3 at observation sites in Mongolia, China, Korea and Japan, respectively. The dust event in Northeast Asia is captured by time series of PM10 concentrations at observation sites. On 3-4 March, the dust storm event originated from Mongolia move toward China, Korea and Japan. Vertical distributions of dust observed by Lidar measurements from stations in AD-Net capture a thick layer of nearly 2.2 km of high concentrations above surface in the area of origin. The maximum PM10 concentration drops with downwind transport. Dust source identification and dust-loaded air parcel trajectories are calculated using the HYSPLIT model. According to the HYSPLIT model, the dust storm started on 3-4 March from Mongolia and reached northern Japan in about 4 days passing over northern China and Korea.

scholarly journals WRF-Chem simulations of a typical pre-monsoon dust storm in northern India: influences on aerosol optical properties and radiation budget

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 21837-21881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kumar ◽  
M. C. Barth ◽  
G. G. Pfister ◽  
M. Naja ◽  
G. P. Brasseur
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of a typical pre-monsoon season (April–June) dust storm event on the regional aerosol optical properties and radiation budget in northern India is analyzed. The dust storm event lasted from 17 to 22 April 2010 and the WRF-Chem model estimated total dust emissions of 7.5 Tg over the model domain. Both in situ (AERONET) and satellite observations show significant increase (>50%) in local to regional scale aerosol optical depth (AOD) and decrease (>70%) in the Angström exponent (α) during this period. Amongst the AERONET sites in this region, Kanpur was influenced the most where the AOD reached up to 2.1 and the α decreased to −0.09 during the dust storm period. The WRF-Chem model reproduced the spatial and temporal distributions of dust plumes and aerosol optical properties but generally underestimated the AOD. The average MODIS and WRF-Chem AOD (550 nm) values in high dust laden region are estimated as 0.80 ± 0.30 and 0.68 ± 0.28, respectively. Model results show that dust particles cool the surface and the top of the atmosphere, and warm the atmosphere. The regionally averaged radiative perturbation due to dust aerosols is estimated as −2.0 ± 3.0 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere, 2.3 ± 1.8 W m−2 in the atmosphere and −4.4 ± 3.1 W m−2 at the surface. The impact of these radiative perturbations on the surface energy budget is estimated to be small on a regional scale but significant locally.

scholarly journals Dust Transport from Inland Australia and Its Impact on Air Quality and Health on the Eastern Coast of Australia during the February 2019 Dust Storm

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Emilie Aragnou ◽  
Sean Watt ◽  
Hiep Nguyen Duc ◽  
Cassandra Cheeseman ◽  
Matthew Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The State ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Dust Storm Event

Dust storms originating from Central Australia and western New South Wales frequently cause high particle concentrations at many sites across New South Wales, both inland and along the coast. This study focussed on a dust storm event in February 2019 which affected air quality across the state as detected at many ambient monitoring stations in the Department of Planning, Industry and Environment (DPIE) air quality monitoring network. The WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecast Model—Chemistry) model is used to study the formation, dispersion and transport of dust across the state of New South Wales (NSW, Australia). Wildfires also happened in northern NSW at the same time of the dust storm in February 2019, and their emissions are taken into account in the WRF-Chem model by using Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) as emission input. The model performance is evaluated and is shown to predict fairly accurate the PM2.5 and PM10 concentration as compared to observation. The predicted PM2.5 concentration over New South Wales during 5 days from 11 to 15 February 2019 is then used to estimate the impact of the February 2019 dust storm event on three health endpoints, namely mortality, respiratory and cardiac disease hospitalisation rates. The results show that even though as the daily average of PM2.5 over some parts of the state, especially in western and north western NSW near the centre of the dust storm and wild fires, are very high (over 900 µg/m3), the population exposure is low due to the sparse population. Generally, the health impact is similar in order of magnitude to that caused by biomass burning events from wildfires or from hazardous reduction burnings (HRBs) near populous centres such as in Sydney in May 2016. One notable difference is the higher respiratory disease hospitalisation for this dust event (161) compared to the fire event (24).

scholarly journals Emission, transport, and radiative effects of mineral dust from the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts: comparison of measurements and model results

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 2401-2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Litai Kang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Gobi Desert ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Westerly Jets

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF-Chem model) was used to investigate a typical dust storm event that occurred from 18 to 23 March 2010 and swept across almost all of China, Japan, and Korea. The spatial and temporal variations in dust aerosols and the meteorological conditions over East Asia were well reproduced by the WRF-Chem model. The simulation results were used to further investigate the details of processes related to dust emission, long-range transport, and radiative effects of dust aerosols over the Taklimakan Desert (TD) and Gobi Desert (GD). The results indicated that weather conditions, topography, and surface types in dust source regions may influence dust emission, uplift height, and transport at the regional scale. The GD was located in the warm zone in advance of the cold front in this case. Rapidly warming surface temperatures and cold air advection at high levels caused strong instability in the atmosphere, which strengthened the downward momentum transported from the middle and low troposphere and caused strong surface winds. Moreover, the GD is located in a relatively flat, high-altitude region influenced by the confluence of the northern and southern westerly jets. Therefore, the GD dust particles were easily lofted to 4 km and were the primary contributor to the dust concentration over East Asia. In the dust budget analysis, the dust emission flux over the TD was 27.2 ± 4.1 µg m−2 s−1, which was similar to that over the GD (29 ± 3.6 µg m−2 s−1). However, the transport contribution of the TD dust (up to 0.8 ton d−1) to the dust sink was much smaller than that of the GD dust (up to 3.7 ton d−1) because of the complex terrain and the prevailing wind in the TD. Notably, a small amount of the TD dust (PM2.5 dust concentration of approximately 8.7 µg m−3) was lofted to above 5 km and transported over greater distances under the influence of the westerly jets. Moreover, the direct radiative forcing induced by dust was estimated to be −3 and −7 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere, −8 and −10 W m−2 at the surface, and +5 and +3 W m−2 in the atmosphere over the TD and GD, respectively. This study provides confidence for further understanding the climate effects of the GD dust.

scholarly journals Measurements and modelling of particulate matter building ingress during a severe dust storm event

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 106441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos D. Argyropoulos ◽  
Hala Hassan ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Konstantinos E. Kakosimos
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Dust Storm Event ◽  
Severe Dust Storm
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