scholarly journals Active Compact Wearable Body Area Networks for Wireless Communication, Medical and IoT Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Sabban
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Antenna Gain ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Dual Polarized ◽  
Dual Polarized Antenna

The development of compact wearable antennas and transceivers for communication, IoT (Internet of Things), and biomedical systems will be presented in this paper. Development of Compact efficient wearable antennas is one of the major challenges in development of wearable communication, IoT, and medical systems. The main goal of wireless body area networks (BANs), WBANs, is to provide continuously medical data to the physician. Body area network (BAN) antennas should be flexible, lightweight, compact, and have low production cost. However, low efficiency is the major disadvantage of small printed antennas. Microstrip antennas resonant frequency is altered, due to environment conditions, different antenna locations, and different system operation modes. These disadvantages may be solved by using compact active and tunable antennas. A new class of wideband active wearable antennas for medical applications is presented in this paper. Amplifiers may be connected to the wearable antenna feed line to increase the system dynamic range. Small lightweight batteries supply the bias voltage to the active components. An active dual polarized antenna is presented in this paper. The active dual polarized antenna gain is 14 ± 3 dB for frequencies ranging from 380 to 600 MHz. The active transmitting dual polarized antenna output power is around 18 dBm. A voltage-controlled diode, varactor, may be used to control the antenna electrical performance at different environments. For example, an antenna located in patient stomach area has VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) better than 2:1 at 434 MHz. However, if the antenna will be placed on the patient back, it may resonate at 420 MHz. By varying the varactor bias voltage, the antenna resonant frequency may be shifted from 420 to 434 MHz. An ultra-wideband passive and active printed slot antenna may be employed in wideband wearable communication systems. The active slot antenna gain is 13 ± 2 dB for frequencies from 800 MHz to 3 GHz.

scholarly journals Research of Wearable Textile Antennas for WBAN Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 1347-1351
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Wireless Body Area Networks ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Recent Developments

The emergence of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) in recent times has diverted the attention of most researchers towards the field of wearable antennas. The WBAN has enabled communication between different devices by placing them on human body. This work is a review which intends to disclose the recent developments in the area of wearable Textile antennas for WBAN. Further the use of different textile materials has been studied and their performances have been evaluated. The results show that use of textile materials have not only increased the efficiency but also they are very flexible and make the antenna suitable for on/off body applications such as medical and military. The properties of antennas inside human body, on human body and finally at some distance from the human body have been studied. It has been noted that as the distance between human body and antenna reduces, the properties of antenna such as efficiency, directivity and gain degrade more and more. Also the resonant frequency of antenna shifts from its original position which is a very big issue and needs to be rectified. For textile materials the shift in resonant frequency is not too much and also the degradation in other properties of antenna such as efficiency, directivity and gain are insignificant.

scholarly journals BENDING AND CRUMPLING DEFORMATION STUDY OF THE RESONANT CHARACTERISTIC AND SAR FOR A 2.4 GHZ TEXTILE ANTENNA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norfatin Akma Elias ◽  
Noor Asmawati Samsuri ◽  
Mohamad Kamal A Rahim ◽  
Chinthana Panagamuwa ◽  
Will Whittow
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Textile Antenna ◽  
Resonant Characteristic

Over recent years, there has been an explosive growth of interest in the development of flexible wearable antennas due to rapid growth in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. However, the antenna is subjected to deformation when being worn by users. Therefore, it is compulsory to analyze the absorption of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and the antenna performances as a function of the deformation conditions since the antenna is not in its normal flat conditions anymore. In this paper, two types of deformations; bending and crumpling are analyzed by means of CST Microwave Studio. The peak SAR10g demonstrates increment up to 65.7 % and 48.7 % under bending and crumpling deformation respectively. Moreover, the crumpling is more sensitive to the geometrical shape and composition of the exposed body area if compared to bending. Moreover, the detuning effects of the resonant frequency are more significant for crumpling cases.

A Review on state-of-art techniques of Antennas for Body Area Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaktijeet Mahapatra ◽  
Mihir Narayan Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Network Applications ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Implantable Antennas ◽  
Circular Patch Antenna ◽  
Implantable Antenna ◽  
Small Footprint

: In this paper, we explore some of the notable research works that will open a new dimension in the field of antenna research applicable to body area networks. Different types of antennas for body area networks include implantable antenna, ingestible pill antenna, and wearable antennas. The antennas for body area networks gained the attention of the researchers after the demands of the compact as well as efficient wearable devices increased. The design of antennas for body area network applications is very interesting and challenging, as a researcher has to ensure that the antenna should have a small footprint, and flexible. Simultaneously, the radiation must be in a particular direction, workable gain, and very low specific absorption rate (SAR) to avoid damage. These antennas require performing well while being close to the living bodies that tend to degrade the performance of the antennas. The antennas have demand including implantable antennas, ingestible antennas, on-body antennas, and antennas for off-body communications. In this paper, the earlier works have been analyzed well and verified with a compact CPW-fed circular patch antenna design, backed by a metal conductor. This antenna exhibits the perfect matching at two frequency bands. These are S11 (below - 10 dB) bandwidth of 3.4 GHz ranging from 2.45 – 5.89 GHz and an S11 bandwidth of 0.99 GHz ranging from 9.10 – 10.09 GHz. While in contact with the human body, the antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 2.54 GHz between 3.02-5.56 GHz and a bandwidth of 3.01 GHz between 9.8-12.81 GHz. The SAR values were 0.82 W/kg and 0.56 W/kg. The antenna is a suitable candidate for off-body communication in wearable applications.

A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR DIGITIZING FLEXIBLE WEARABLE ANTENNAS FOR BODY AREA NETWORKS (BANS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Kamal ◽  
Sadiq Ullah ◽  
Shahbaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Conducting Material ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Smart Clothing ◽  
Wearable Antenna ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Multi Band

 This paper considers the performance of a square microstrip patch antenna designed from two layers of non-flexible conducting material (copper) separated by foam or other material which is deformable and having an approximate relative permittivity, εr≈ 1. The antenna can be incorporated into smart clothing for multi band reception and transmission in Body Area Networks (BANs). An empirical technique is presented for obtaining the shape of the antenna when it has been deformed due to body movement or by applying force at two adjacent edges. The reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and surface currents of the wearable antenna under consideration are analyzed under various bending conditions. It is found that H-plane bending did not significantly affect performance of the patch. The antenna can be used in multi-band body worn wireless applications.  

scholarly journals Broadband Vertically/Horizontally Dual-Polarized Antenna for Base Stations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
YueHui Cui ◽  
XiaoNa Gao ◽  
RongLin Li
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Planar Antenna ◽  
Antenna Gain ◽  
Horizontal Polarization ◽  
Dual Polarized ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Dual Polarized Antenna

A broadband vertically/horizontally (V/H) dual-polarized antenna is proposed for mobile communication base stations. The antenna consists of two perpendicularly placed broadband planar antenna elements. By shaping the reflector for V/H dual-polarized antenna, a half-power beam width of 65±8° is achieved for both vertical and horizontal polarization. The V/H dual-polarized antenna has a bandwidth of 48% (1.7–2.75 GHz) for return loss >15 dB, an isolation of 30 dB, and an antenna gain of 9 dBi. An 8-element V/H dual-polarized antenna array is developed, which achieves a bandwidth of 45% (1.7–2.7 GHz) and an antenna gain of 16 dBi, suitable for GSM/UMTS/LTE base stations.

Characteristics of Cavity Slot Antenna for Body-Area Networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomi Haga ◽  
Kazuyuki Saito ◽  
Masaharu Takahashi ◽  
Koichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Body Area
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