scholarly journals Filling History, Consolidating the Origins. The First Female Architects of the Barcelona School of Architecture (1964–1975)

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Zaida Muxí ◽  
Daniela Arias Laurino
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
Architecture Profession

After Francisco Franco’s death, the process of democratisation of public institutions was a key factor in the evolution of the architectural profession in Spain. The approval of the creation of neighbourhood associations, the first municipal governments, and the modernisation of Spanish universities are some examples of this. Moreover, feminist and environmental activism from some parts of Spanish society was relevant for socio-political change that affected women in particular. The last decade of Franco’s Regime coincided with the first generation of women that graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB). From 1964 to 1975, 73 female students graduated as architects—the first one was Margarita Brender Rubira (1919–2000) who validated her degree obtained in Romania in 1962. Some of these women became pioneers in different fields of the architectural profession, such as Roser Amador in architectural design, Alrun Jimeno in building technologies, Anna Bofill in urban design and planning, Rosa Barba in landscape architecture or Pascuala Campos in architectural design, and teaching with gender perspective. This article presents the contributions of these women to the architecture profession in relation to these socio-political advances. It also seeks—through the life stories, personal experiences, and personal visions on professional practice—to highlight those ‘other stories’ that have been left out of the hegemonic historiography of Spanish architecture.

scholarly journals The training of neonatologists and the paradigms implied in their relationship with the parents of babies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethel Cukierkorn Battikha ◽  
Maria Teresa de M. Carvalho ◽  
Benjamin Israel Kopelman
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Child's Death

Objective: To analyze and to interpret the psychological repercussions generated by the presence of parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for residents in Neonatology. Methods: Study based on the psychoanalytic theory, involving a methodological interface with qualitative surveys in Health Sciences. Twenty resident physicians in Neonatology, from five public institutions of São Paulo state, responded to a single semi-structured interview. Based on several readings of the material, achieving the core of emergent meanings that would be significant to the object of the survey, six categories were elected for analysis and interpretation: parents' staying at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and its effects on the neonatologists' professional practice; communication of the diagnosis and what parents should know; impasses between parents and doctors when the diagnosis is being communicated; doctor's identification with parents; communication of the child's death and their participation in the interview. Results: The interpretation of the categories provided an understanding of the psychic mechanisms mobilized in doctors in their relationships with the children's parents, showing that the residents experience anguish and suffering when they provide medical care and during their training process, and also that they lack psychological support to handle these feelings. Conclusions: There is a need of intervention in neonatologists training and education, which may favor the elaboration of daily experiences in the Unit, providing a less anguishing and defensive way out for young doctors, especially in their relationship with patients and parents.

Ethics of Architecture or Ethical Architecture?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hisham Abusaada
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
New Brutalism ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Intellectual Movements ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the nature of the relationship between ethics and architecture. This complicated state of affairs—in professional practice and architectural design—is evaluated based on a bibliographical review of the visions of some Arab and Western thinkers. This review passes through the analysis of three intellectual movements: modernism, postmodernism, and the new brutalism. A series of questions arises: How is it determined whether any of these principles are moral or immoral? Does a specific principle override other beliefs? Who decides that any building is ethical or unethical? This article shows that some conclusions can be drawn from human values to act as a guide for creating a superior design but not for a “stately” design. Critically, it emerges that there is no so-called ethical architecture, but rather, ethics is always related to professional practice. This means that the construction of a building is governed by ideas and design criteria while professional practice is guided by ethical /moral principles.

scholarly journals Empirical Study of Technological Factors Being Involved in Income Distribution --An Example of Gansu Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Liqun Li
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Distribution Mode

Involvement of technological factors in income distribution according to their contributions is an intrinsic requirement of the market economy, and also an objective requirement for promotion of technological innovations and realization of effective allocation of resources. However, many problems emerged in China's enterprises and public institutions, higher education institutions and research institutes during their growth and development, these problems include: "Insider control", "59 Years Old Phenomenon", Low Work Efficiency and severe brain drain etc. These issues were caused by many factors, one key factor is the incomplete distribution incentive mechanism which is, in fact, an ignorance of the value of human capital. Through field investigation of technological factors involving in income distribution in Gansu Province, this article analyzed related data, had a conclusion and proposed some issues in the distribution mode.

A comparison of sweet sorghum and maize as first-generation bioethanol feedstocks in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-861
Author(s):  
C. E. VLACHOS ◽  
N. A. MARIOLIS ◽  
G. N. SKARACIS
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Crop Sustainability ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Ghg Savings

SUMMARYAccording to the EU 28/2009 directive, member states are mandated to substitute 10% of fossil fuels used in transportation with biofuels by the year 2020. Bioethanol production is expected to contribute significantly towards fulfilling Greece's obligations. First-generation bioethanol, produced from amylaceous and sugar crops, is the most important biofuel globally. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main feedstock for production worldwide, while sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), although a promising raw material source, has not yet enjoyed substantial commercial exploitation due to the high seasonality of the crop. Sustainability criteria set by the EU constitute a key factor in the characterization and future use of biofuels. A 3-year study including 20 maize and 4 sweet sorghum varieties was conducted in order to compare these two crops in terms of emitted greenhouse gases (GHG) during the cultivation phase as well as regarding emission savings by substituting bioethanol for petrol/gasoline. Both crops demonstrated promising bioethanol yields reaching 5235·7 and 6443·7 l/ha/yr for maize and sweet sorghum, respectively, and showed that they could be employed towards first-generation bioethanol production in Greece. Sweet sorghum varieties produced higher bioethanol yields per hectare coupled with lower emissions during the cultivation phase and better overall GHG savings compared to maize.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Pathways to Statehood: Old Theories and New Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Turchin ◽  
Harvey Whitehouse ◽  
Andrey Korotayev ◽  
Pieter Francois ◽  
Daniel Hoyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Governance Institutions

Over the past 10,000 years, human societies evolved from “simple”—small egalitarian groups, integrated by face-to-face interactions—to “complex”— societies of millions, characterized by great differentials in wealth, status, and power, extensive division of labor, and elaborate governance structures. At the heart of this transformation was the rise of the state; a politically centralized territorial polity with an internally specialized administrative organization. But what drove the emergence and evolution of specialized governance is broadly contested. Here we use Seshat: Global History Databank to empirically test predictions from a variety of theories. One set of explanations proposes social scale (polity population and territory, population of the largest settlement) as the primary factor favoring the evolution of specialized governance institutions. Other theories focus on alternative mechanisms, such as social stratification or the provisioning of public goods. Still others point to the importance of sophisticated information and money systems as potential preconditions for the evolution of bureaucracy. Our analysis identifies polity population size as the main evolutionary driver of state-formation. Although information systems also play a role, stratification has no detectable impact, once polity population is included in the model; and, while territorial expansion may be a key factor in the emergence of certain first-generation or primary states, the territorial extent of polities actually has a negative effect on the evolution of sophisticated governance, once polity population is included in the model.

scholarly journals PEER GROUP JUDGING: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GROUP PIN-UP IN ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Trias Megayanti ◽  
Tutin Aryanti ◽  
NItih Indra Komala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Core Course ◽  
Architecture Profession ◽  
Simulation Practice

The architecture design studio is a core course in architectural learning that trains students' abilities in the architectural design process. Unfortunately, students often fail to meet scheduled task targets, even though the time alloted is sufficient. This article examines the application of the group pin-up as a teaching method and its effectiveness in helping students meet deadlines for completing tasks in the Architecture Design III course, a studio attended by second year students. This study uses documents analysis (reviewing student design drawings to measure student achievement), and interviews (investigating changes in attitudes and perceptions of the students in pin-up group applications). We found that using the group pin-up strategy to impose an in-between deadline leads to improved discipline, better teamwork, and higher motivation due to competition in the group. This method is recommended in architectural design studios as a simulation practice for students before they move up and begin to work in the architecture profession.

Tapping Deeper Roots: Integrating the Spiritual Dimension into Professional Practice with Lesbian and Gay Clients

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gays And Lesbians ◽  
The Way

Endeavors to answer how psychotherapists and counselors can help lesbian and gay clients tap into their own spiritual depths and how therapists and counselors can make their own spiritual life available as a healing resource for clients. Sketches the history of gays and lesbians and notes their contributions in the area of spiritual leadership. Identifies some of the difficult theological and ecclesiological forces which frequently stand in the way of authentic expressions of gay and lesbian growth in spiritual matters, and indicates ways in which the spiritual life of a counselor may represent a key factor in allowing the spirit to grow in the lives of gay and lesbians persons.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Maps of BIM and BIM in Universities: A Comparative Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Chihib ◽  
Esther Salmerón-Manzano ◽  
Nuria Novas ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Building Information Model ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Design Construction

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasingly important in the architecture and engineering fields, and especially in the field of sustainability through the study of energy. This study performs a bibliometric study analysis of BIM publications based on the Scopus database during the whole period from 2003 to 2018. The aim was to establish a comparison of bibliometric maps of the building information model and BIM in universities. The analyzed data included 4307 records produced by a total of 10,636 distinct authors from 314 institutions. Engineering and computer science were found to be the main scientific fields involved in BIM research. Architectural design are the central theme keywords, followed by information theory and construction industry. The final stage of the study focuses on the detection of clusters in which global research in this field is grouped. The main clusters found were those related to the BIM cycle, including construction management, documentation and analysis, architecture and design, construction/fabrication, and operation and maintenance (related to energy or sustainability). However, the clusters of the last phases such as demolition and renovation are not present, which indicates that this field suntil needs to be further developed and researched. With regard to the evolution of research, it has been observed how information technologies have been integrated over the entire spectrum of internet of things (IoT). A final key factor in the implementation of the BIM is its inclusion in the curriculum of technical careers related to areas of construction such as civil engineering or architecture.

scholarly journals TECHO DE CRISTAL EN LAS UNIVERSIDADES ESPAÑOLAS. DIAGNÓSTICO Y CAUSAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazareth Gallego-Morón ◽  
Mauricio Matus-López
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Power Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Broad Consensus

Resumen:En 1996 las mujeres representaban el 13,2% del total de las cátedras, frente al 86,8% de los hombres (Comisión Europea, 2000). Veinte años después, éstas constituían el 21,6% y sus compañeros varones el 78,4% (MECD, 2016). La problemática del menor acceso de las mujeres a las categorías profesionales más altas se denomina techo de cristal. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las causas de este fenómeno en las universidades españolas. Para ello se realizó una revisión de los estudios publicados en los últimos veinticinco años en las bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, a las que se agregó la revisión de informes de organismos públicos. Los resultados muestran un diagnóstico similar pero distintas conclusiones sobre las causas. Entre estas destacan los problemas de conciliación entre la vida personal, familiar y laboral derivados de la maternidad y las cargas familiares, junto con la existencia de redes implícitas de poder masculino y sistemas de cooptación. Todos estos producidos en un contexto social caracterizado históricamente por un sistema patriarcal y androcéntrico. Abstract:In 1996 women accounted for 13,2% of all professors, compared with 86,8% for men at Spanish universities (European Commission, 2000). Twenty years later these percentages are 21,6% and 78,4%, respectively (MECD, 2016). This phenomenon, that consists in the less proportional presence of women in the higher categories, is known as glass ceiling. The aim of this article is to analyze the causes on this phenomenon in Spanish universities. To this was done a systematic review of the literature, published in the past twenty-five years in national and international databases. It was added the review of public institutions reports. Results show a similar diagnostic, however there is not a broad consensus on the causes. Among the causes are identified problems of conciliation personal, familiar and labor, and the existence of masculinized power networks and systems of cooptation. All of these in a patriarchal and androcentric society.

scholarly journals The Perception of Social Workers in the N-E Area of Romania on Supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Elena Unguru
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Control Dimension

The supervision relationship is a long-lasting evaluation, oriented towards a number of purposes: improving the professional activity of supervised persons, monitoring the quality of services provided by practitioners, and promoting professional practice in general. The aim of the research is to analyze the main axes of the social construction of the supervision of social services in public institutions for child protection in the N - E area of Romania. The research was based on the questionnaire survey and was carried out between October 2018 and January 2019 in the public social work institutions in Bacău, Botosani, Iaşi, Suceava, Neamţ, Vaslui counties. Social workers prefer the supportive side to the administrative one, while supervision managers put the focus on the control dimension, but accompanied by the formative one.

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