scholarly journals Asymptotic Performances of a Signal-To-Noise Ratio Moment-Based Estimator for Real Sinusoids in Additive Noise

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Romano
Keyword(s):  
Additive Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Unknown Variance ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Asymptotic Variances ◽  
Frequency Phase ◽  
General Method

We considered the problem of the estimation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with a real deterministic sinusoid with unknown frequency, phase and amplitude in additive Gaussian noise of unknown variance. A blind SNR estimator that does not require the knowledge of the instantaneous frequency of the sinusoid, through separate estimation of signal and noise power, was derived using the method of moments, a general method to derive estimators based on high-order moments. Statistical performances of the proposed estimators were studied theoretically through derivation of Cramer–Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) and asymptotic variances. Furthermore, results from Monte-Carlo simulations that confirm the validity of the theoretical analysis are presented along with some comments on the use of proposed estimators in practical applications.

The Noise Analysis of Fluid Systemsin Solid-State Nanopore Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Ying ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wen Yuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Noise Analysis ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Nanopore Sensors

The solid-state nanopore sensor offers a versatile platform for the rapid, label-free electrical detection and analysis of single molecules, especially on DNA sequencing. However, the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNA) is a major challenge in sequencing applications. In our work, two different fluid systems made by metal and plexiglass have been designed to improve the signal to noise ratio of the solid-state nanopore sensor. From the measurements on the noise power spectra with a variety of conditions, it is found that plexiglass fluid system coupled with shielding box produces a good quality of electric signals on nanopore sensors.

scholarly journals Design of an Indigenised Electronic Lock-In Amplifier

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Frequency Drift ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Lock In

An indigenised lock-in amplifier is designed that enables the accurate measurement of signals contaminated by broad-band noise, power-line pick-up, frequency drift, or other sources of interference. It does this by means of an extremely narrow band detector which has the centre of its passband locked to the frequency of the signal to be measured. Large improvements in signal-to-noise ratio are achieved.

scholarly journals Coherent Power Measurements with a Compact Airborne Ka-Band Precipitation Radar

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Pazmany ◽  
Samuel J. Haimov
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Power Estimation ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Precipitation Radar ◽  
Noise Component ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Conventional Signal

AbstractCoherent power is an alternative to the conventional noise-subtracted power technique for measuring weather radar signal power. The inherent noise-canceling feature of coherent power eliminates the need for estimating and subtracting the noise component, which is required when performing conventional signal power estimation at low signal-to-noise ratio. The coherent power technique is particularly useful when averaging a high number of samples to improve sensitivity to weak signals. In such cases, the signal power is small compared to the noise power and the required accuracy of the estimated noise power may be difficult to achieve. This paper compares conventional signal power estimation with the coherent power measurement technique by investigating bias, standard deviation, and probability of false alarm and detection rates as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and threshold level. This comparison is performed using analytical expressions, numerical simulations, and analysis of cloud and precipitation data collected with the airborne solid-state Ka-band precipitation radar (KPR) operated by the University of Wyoming.

Computer Averaging of Time-variable Signals by Autocorrelation

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1219-1221
Author(s):  
Klaus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Autocorrelation Functions ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
General Method

A general method is given for a computer accumulation of signals with unpredictable and variable drift with respect to the time-scale. By calculating the autocorrelation function of each individual scan via two forward Fourier transformations any time instability can be removed. Coaddition of the autocorrelation functions leads to the expected improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. Some examples for various signal shapes are given.

scholarly journals Dual-polarized multiplexed meta-holograms utilizing coding metasurface

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3605-3613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Guan ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Xumin Ding ◽  
Zhuochao Wang ◽  
Kuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Good Imaging ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Total Transmittance

AbstractIn this paper, a novel method is proposed to achieve two distinct information channels by simultaneously manipulating both the transmitted cross- and co-polarized components of a 1-bit coding metasurface under linearly polarized incidence. Compared to previously demonstrated incidence-switchable or position multiplexed holograms, our proposed coding meta-hologram can simultaneously project two independent holographic images without inevitable change of the incidence state and can at the same time also avoid crosstalk between different channels. Moreover, the orientation of the double-layered split ring (SR) apertures is specially designed to be 45° or 135° to achieve identical multiplexed functionality for both x-polarized and y-polarized incidences. The proof-of-concept experimental demonstrations present total transmittance efficiency above 30% for the dual linearly polarized incidences at 15 GHz, and good imaging performances with 53.98%/48.18% imaging efficiency, 1.55%/1.46% RMSE, and 29.9/28.72 peak signal-to-noise ratio for the cross-/co-polarized channels under y-polarized incidence, and 47.27%/45.75% imaging efficiency, 1.55%/1.43% RMSE, and 18.74/25.93 peak signal-to-noise ratio under x-polarized incidence, demonstrating great potential of the proposed multiplexed coding meta-hologram in practical applications such as data storage and information processing.

An Improved Denoising of Electrocardiogram Signals Based on Wavelet Thresholding

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Pinjala N. Malleswari ◽  
Ch. Hima Bindu ◽  
K. Satya Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Noise Elimination ◽  
Electrocardiogram Signals ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Power Line Interference

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most important signal in the biomedical field for the diagnosis of Cardiac Arrhythmia (CA). ECG signal often interrupted with various noises due to non-stationary nature which leads to poor diagnosis. Denoising process helps the physicians for accurate decision making in treatment. In many papers various noise elimination techniques are tried to enhance the signal quality. In this paper a novel hybrid denoising technique using EMD-DWT for the removal of various noises such as Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Baseline Wander (BW) noise, Power Line Interference (PLI) noise at various concentrations are compared to the conventional methods in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RSME), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Cross-Correlation (CC) and Percent Root Square Difference (PRD). The average values of RMSE, SNR, PSNR, CC and PRD are 0.0890, 9.8821, 14.4464, 0.9872 and 10.9036 for the EMD approach, respectively, and 0.0707, 10.7181, 16.2824, 0.9874 and 10.7245 for the proposed EMD-DWT approach, respectively, by removing AWGN noise. Similarly BW noise and PLI are removed from the ECG signal by calculating the same quality metrics. The proposed methodology has lower RMSE and PRD values, higher SNR, PSNR and CC values than the conventional methods.

Increasing of the Signal-To-Noise Ratio in Precision Spectroscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Evgeny Baklanov ◽  
Aleksandr Kurbatov
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Doppler Broadening ◽  
Precision Spectroscopy ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Narrow Resonance ◽  
Signal Noise ◽  
Radiation Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Multimode Regime

Is considered the possibility of increasing the signal / noise ratio in one of the main methods of laser spectroscopy without Doppler broadening – the method of saturated absorption. The colliding beam of laser radiation in a multimode regime is expected to be used. Interaction of counter propagating modes with different frequencies will increase the number of gas atoms effectively interact with the field and, consequently, the value of a narrow resonance line shape. It is shown that the photon noise, which is essentially unavoidable, signal / noise ratio can be increased in a time where – the number of modes. For other noise (power fluctuations of the radiation, noise, photo detector, etc.) the magnitude of the signal / noise ratio may increase again

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