scholarly journals Genipin Attachment of Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles to a Decellularized Tissue Scaffold

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5231
Author(s):  
Mitch Bellrichard ◽  
Colten Snider ◽  
Cornelia Dittmar ◽  
John Brockman ◽  
Dave Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Ligament Repair ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Tissue Scaffold ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Fibroblast Attachment ◽  
Promising Solution

Decellularized allograft tissue is used for a wide array of tissue injuries and repair with tenons and ligament repair being among the most common. However, despite their frequent use there is concern over the lengthy inflammatory period and slow healing associated with allografts. One promising solution has been the use of nanoparticles. There is currently no easy, fast method to achieve consistent conjugation of nanoparticles to tissue. The available conjugation methods can be time-consuming and/or may create numerous cytotoxic byproducts. Genipin, a naturally derived crosslinking agent isolated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides was investigated as a conjugation agent to achieve fast, consistent crosslinking without cytotoxic byproducts. The rational of utilizing genipin is that is reacts spontaneously with amino-group-containing compounds such as proteins, collagens, and gelatins, and does not require extensive washing after conjugation. Porcine diaphragm tendons were decellularized and then immersed in cysteamine functionalized gold nanoparticles and genipin for various time points. Tissue scaffolds were tested for the degree of crosslinking, gold nanoparticle concentrations, and fibroblast attachment and biocompatibility. Results demonstrated that genipin can successfully and reproducibly attach gold nanoparticles to tissue in as little as 15 min. The genipin had no cytotoxic effects and improved fibroblast attachment and proliferation. Genipin can be used to attach gold nanoparticles to tissue in a fast, cell safe manner.

Mesoscopic gelation of chitosan and genipin at below critical concentrations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Engwer ◽  
Ronja Loy ◽  
Ioannis S. Chronakis ◽  
Ana C. Mendes ◽  
Francisco M. Goycoolea
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Critical Concentrations ◽  
Gelation Kinetics ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Sol Gel Transition ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Concentrations

Genipin is increasingly used as a crosslinking agent for chitosans due to its low cytotoxicity as a naturally occurring extract of the plant <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>. Genipin reacts with the primary amino groups of chitosan to form blue hydrogels. We studied the gelation kinetics of different chitosans varying in their properties (molar mass 34 000-213 000 g mol<sup>-1</sup>, degree of acetylation 9-20%) and genipin in detail. We found that critical sol-gel transition times obtained from dynamic light scattering were in good agreement with the results obtained by small deformation oscillatory rheometry and microviscosimetry at high concentrations of chitosan. However, at below critical concentrations, we found a second regime of gelation that followed the same Ross-Murphy's gelation kinetics. The macroscopic appearance of these samples was a suspension of weak gel-like particles that were sensitive to mechanical forces. We believe that the material is a mesoscopic gel, as described for other polymers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this phenomenon has been described for the gelling system of chitosan and genipin.

Antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects of Nigella sativa essential oil coated gold nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivalingam Manju ◽  
Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan ◽  
Sekar Vijayakumar ◽  
Sathappan Shanthi ◽  
Ameeramja Jaishabanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Effects of Coated Gold Nanoparticles on PC12 Cancer Cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e1110
Author(s):  
Hadi Zare Marzouni ◽  
Fazel Tarkhan ◽  
Amir Aidun ◽  
Kiana Shahzamani ◽  
Hamid Reza Jahan Tigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Cellular Life ◽  
Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
High Concentrations

Background: The use of gold nanoparticles in medicine and especially in cancer treatment has been of interest to researchers. The effectiveness of this nanoparticle on cells significantly depends on the amount of its entry into the cells. This study was performed to compare the rate and mechanism of effect of gold nanoparticles coated with different amino acid on PC12 cancer cell line.Materials and Methods: The PC12 cells line were exposed to various concentrations of amino acid coated and uncoated gold nanoparticles (0.5, 2.5 and 5 μM). Cell death rate was determined according to level of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from cells and MTT assay. In addition cell morphology and the amount of Cellular Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied.Results: The uncoated gold nanoparticles have shown minor effects on cellular life. Gold nanoparticles coated by tryptophan at high concentrations (2.5, 5 and 25μM) increase in cancer cells metabolic activity. Gold nanoparticles coated by Aspartate also produce the largest amount of LDH and ROS in cancer cells and therefore caused of highest rate of apoptosis.Conclusion: The results showed that the nanoparticles coated with amino acids are affected on cellular metabolism and apoptosis more than uncoated nanoparticles. Also the smallest coated nanoparticles (coated by aspartate) have the most influence and by increasing the size, this effect was reduced. [GMJ.2018;7:e1110]

scholarly journals Porous 3D Scaffolds Enhance MSC Vitality and Reduce Osteoclast Activity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6258
Author(s):  
Miriam Spreda ◽  
Nicole Hauptmann ◽  
Veronika Lehner ◽  
Christoph Biehl ◽  
Klaus Liefeith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Osteoclast Activity ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
Promising Solution

In the context of an aging population, unhealthy Western lifestyle, and the lack of an optimal surgical treatment, deep osteochondral defects pose a great challenge for the public health system. Biodegradable, biomimetic scaffolds seem to be a promising solution. In this study we investigated the biocompatibility of porous poly-((D,L)-lactide-ε-caprolactone)dimethacrylate (LCM) scaffolds in contrast to compact LCM scaffolds and blank cell culture plastic. Thus, morphology, cytotoxicity and metabolic activity of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) seeded directly on the materials were analyzed after three and six days of culturing. Further, osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic activity were assessed using reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR of osteoclast-specific genes, EIA and morphologic aspects after four, eight, and twelve days. LCM scaffolds did not display cytotoxic effects on MSC. After three days, metabolic activity of MSC was enhanced on 3D porous scaffolds (PS) compared to 2D compact scaffolds (CS). Osteoclast activity seemed to be reduced at PS compared to cell culture plastic at all time points, while no differences in osteoclastogenesis were detectable between the materials. These results indicate a good cytocompatibility of LCM scaffolds. Interestingly, porous 3D structure induced higher metabolic activity of MSC as well as reduced osteoclast activity.

scholarly journals The Cytotoxic Effects of Betulin-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles as Stable Formulations in Normal and Melanoma Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Mioc ◽  
Ioana Zinuca Pavel ◽  
Roxana Ghiulai ◽  
Dorina E. Coricovac ◽  
Claudia Farcaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects
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