scholarly journals Impact of Recloser on Protecting Blind Areas of Distribution Network in the Presence of Distributed Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Sahebkar Farkhani ◽  
Arsalan Najafi ◽  
Mohammad Zareein ◽  
Radu Godina ◽  
Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Protection Relay ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
Overcurrent Relay ◽  
Conventional Solution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Realistic Data

The protection relay issues increase with the penetration of distributed generation (DG) units in distribution networks. Blind protection, sympathetic tripping and failure of reclosing are the frequent problems that are created by adding DG to the distribution networks. This research focuses on the impact of reclosers on overcurrent relay blind protection areas with DGs embedded in the distribution network. The protection blinding in overcurrent relays leads to a delay or non-tripping of the relay. The conventional solution for the blinding issue is to increase the sensitivity in the relay settings. The variation of relay settings may cause problems in the distribution network. This paper investigates the effect of reclosers on eliminating blind areas and improves the reliability in the presence of DG. In this way, possible blind points of the case study are detected, and recloser relays are then installed in appropriate locations. The case study is based on realistic data of a distribution network. The DG consists of two generators with a capacity of 4 MW. The simulation is performed in DIgSILENT software.

scholarly journals Security-Constrained Optimal Protection Coordination for Dual-Setting Digital Directional Overcurrent Relays in the Distribution Network Including Non-Renewable/Renewable Synchronous Distributed Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasan Pirouzi ◽  
Hosein Hasan Shahi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Akbai Zadeh ◽  
Amirreza Naderipour ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Dial Setting ◽  
Overcurrent Relays ◽  
Overcurrent Relay ◽  
Optimal Protection

Abstract In this paper, the security-constrained optimal protection coordination (SCOPC) is introduced for dual setting digital directional overcurrent relay (DDOCR) in distribution network, which including renewable and non-renewable synchronous distributed generation (SDG). The SCOPC minimizes the total operation time of DDOCRs in primary and backup protection operating to achieve a fast protection coordination. Also, to improve the flexibility in DDOCRs setting, the allowable limits of A and B coefficients, pickup current (PC) and time dial setting (TDS) in both reverse and forward directions are considered as constraints. Another constraint is the Coordination Time interval (CTI). To consideration of the mentioned scheme security, the SCOPC mechanism considered the unavailability of DDOCRs due to their failure, so the stochastic method is used to modelling of this parameter. To calculate the fault current, network variables are proportional to the daily stochastic operation results of distribution network. Moreover, the proposed problem is implemented on the standard distribution networks, and then the optimal solution is obtained with hybrid algorithm of grey wolf optimization (GWO) and training and learning optimization (TLBO). The numerical results illustrate that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve a reliable and fast protection coordination that has a low standard deviation.

scholarly journals Composition Assessment of a Power Distribution System with Optimal Dispatching of Distributed Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-466
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado ◽  
Zafar A. Khan ◽  
Mohammed Alghassab
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution Network ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
The Impact

Increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) is imminent in the new age of power distribution networks, which are smarter than the conventional grids. They enable the integration of DG into the power distribution network. This paper presents an assessment methodology for determining the optimal capacity and location of DG to ensure high reliability in a radial distribution network. The approach considers cost and the impact of aging on the DG and network topology for interconnection using genetic algorithm, which is a robust technique with wide solution space searchability and can potentially find global optima with fewer chances of getting trapped into local optima. A case study is simulated using three different scenarios to evaluate the impact of DG interconnection on the 13.8 kV power distribution network. The scenarios comprise of situations without any DG, with DG interconnection and optimization of DG interconnection. The case study shows that the penetration of DG increases the reliability of the distribution network while reducing the expected energy not supplied (EENS). Although, the difference between EENS in the optimized DG integration and non-optimized DG integration is not very significant in a small network, however, it becomes apparent with the aging curve that optimized allocation of DG possesses significant benefits.

Educational simulation model for studying the impact of distributed generation on distribution networks using ATP-EMTP software

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Stojković ◽  
Miroslav Bjekić ◽  
ŽArko Janda
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
The Impact

This work presents the use of the modern software tool Alternative Transients Program (ATP) in the teaching of power engineering, within the course Computer Aided Engineering. A simulation model is presented through which it is possible to analyse the effects of distributed generators (DG) on the operation of a distribution network in both a steady and a transient state, with the objective of fulfilling the conditions for connection. This problem was selected not only because it allows students to gain proper insight into the phenomena within a distribution network with a connected distributed generator, but also because it has been shown that the problem of educating engineers is often a constraining factor for implementing distributed generation (DG). It is shown that by using the software tool ATP-EMTP, very complex phenomena in large networks can be studied without great difficulty or the need for analytical methods. The problem-based learning (PBL) method was applied.

scholarly journals Design and application of a distributed generation hosting capacity algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
M. A. Sam ◽  
D. T. O Oyedokun ◽  
K.O Akpeji
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Residential Distribution

Distribution networks in Southern Africa and elsewhere are witnessing an unprecedented growth of consumer-side distributed generation (DG) courtesy of governmental interventions to maximise the utilisation of renewable energy resources through low-carbon grid-edge technologies. To deal with the increasing adoption of consumer-side DG, distribution network operators need to conduct technical studies to foster an understanding of the benefits and impacts of DG and the hosting capacity (HC) of existing distribution networks. This will aid the implementation of measures to manage grid exports. Using a distribution network in Namibia as a case study, this paper presents an algorithm for assessing the HC of consumer-side DG in existing distribution networks that are situated in areas anticipating high and uniform uptake of DG. The algorithm is a hybrid of deterministic and probabilistic methods. The uniqueness of the algorithm is the concept of calculating monthly HC. The algorithm was tested on a real existing residential distribution network and the results confirmed that HC varies monthly. However, the practical implementation of monthly HC requires upgrades to existing inverter technology, which currently contains a single export limit functionality. This opens the possibility to drive innovation in the inverter technology to develop a date-based multiple export limit functionality.

scholarly journals Increasing Electric Vehicle Penetration Using Smart Switching and Emergency Uprating

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuran Liu ◽  
Meng Cheng ◽  
Qinhao Xing ◽  
Yizhe Jiang ◽  
Qianliang Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Test System ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Reliability Performance ◽  
The Impact

One of the key challenges facing distribution network operators today is the expected increase in electric vehicles. The increased load from EV charging will result in distribution assets becoming “thermally overloaded” due to higher operating temperatures. In addition to the issue of increased load, we have a limited understanding of the behavior and performance of the distribution assets and their potential to accept the increased load. It has been well acknowledged that EVs increase the network loading level, leading to a reduced system reliability performance. These results have not been quantified in a realistic case study, including actual cable rating and design properties. To address this gap, this paper proposes a novel methodology in the existing power network reliability evaluation framework, which quantifies the impact of different EV penetration levels on distribution network reliability, and the thermal performance of distribution cables. Novel approaches using smart switching technology and emergency uprating are proposed to reduce the peak power demand caused by EVs, in order to reinforce the reliability of the grid and to boost the maximum allowable EV penetration in the distribution networks. The methodology was applied using a case study on the modified EV-integrated RBTS (Roy Billinton Test System) bus four distribution network. The results showed that the negative impact of EVs on network performance can be mitigated by the implementation of smart switching technology. The peak demand under contingencies can also be accepted by the cables though emergency uprating. The frequency and duration of EV demand interruption was also significantly reduced. Thus, a higher EV penetration can be accommodated.

A novel approach to increase the share of renewable purchase obligation for planning of distribution network including grid scale energy storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh Bhadoriya ◽  
Atma Ram Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Demand Models

Abstract In recent times, producing electricity with lower carbon emissions has resulted in strong clean energy incorporation into the distribution network. The technical development of weather-driven renewable distributed generation units, the global approach to reducing pollution emissions, and the potential for independent power producers to engage in distribution network planning (DNP) based on the participation in the increasing share of renewable purchasing obligation (RPO) are some of the essential reasons for including renewable-based distributed generation (RBDG) as an expansion investment. The Grid-Scale Energy Storage System (GSESS) is proposed as a promising solution in the literature to boost the energy storage accompanied by RBDG and also to increase power generation. In this respect, the technological, economic, and environmental evaluation of the expansion of RBDG concerning the RPO is formulated in the objective function. Therefore, a novel approach to modeling the composite DNP problem in the regulated power system is proposed in this paper. The goal is to increase the allocation of PVDG, WTDG, and GSESS in DNP to improve the quicker retirement of the fossil fuel-based power plant to increase total profits for the distribution network operator (DNO), and improve the voltage deviation, reduce carbon emissions over a defined planning period. The increment in RPO and decrement in the power purchase agreement will help DNO to fulfill round-the-clock supply for all classes of consumers. A recently developed new metaheuristic transient search optimization (TSO) based on electrical storage elements’ stimulation behavior is implemented to find the optimal solution for multi-objective function. The balance between the exploration and exploitation capability makes the TSO suitable for the proposed power flow problem with PVDG, WTDG, and GSESS. For this research, the IEEE-33 and IEEE-69 low and medium bus distribution networks are considered under a defined load growth for planning duration with the distinct load demand models’ aggregation. The findings of the results after comparing with well-known optimization techniques DE and PSO confirm the feasibility of the method suggested.

SERVICEABILITY OF NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS AFTER EARTHQUAKES

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350005 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIAN PAOLO CIMELLARO ◽  
ALESSANDRO DE STEFANO ◽  
OMAR VILLA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Entire Network

The concept of disaster resilience has received considerable attention in recent years and it is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of natural disaster systems. No models are available in literature to measure the performance of natural gas network, therefore, in this paper, a new performance index measuring functionality of gas distribution network have been proposed to evaluate the resilience index of the entire network. It can be used for any type of natural or manmade hazard which might lead to the disruption of the system. The gas distribution network of the municipalities of Introdacqua and Sulmona, two small towns in the center of Italy which were affected by 2009 earthquake have been used as case study. Together the pipeline network covers an area of 136 km2, with 3 M/R stations and 16 regulation groups. The software SynerGEE has been used to simulate different scenario events. The numerical results showed that, during emergency, to ensure an acceptable delivery service, it is crucial to guarantee the functionality of the medium pressure gas distribution network. Instead to improve resilience of the entire network the best retrofit strategy is to include emergency shutoff valves along the pipes.

Swarm-Intelligence-Based Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution Network

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Perumal Nallagownden ◽  
Irraivan Elamvazuthi ◽  
Pandian Vasant ◽  
Luqman Hakim Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Placement

In the distribution system, distributed generation (DG) are getting more important because of the electricity demands, fossil fuel depletion and environment concerns. The placement and sizing of DGs have greatly impact on the voltage stability and losses in the distribution network. In this chapter, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been proposed for optimal placement and sizing of DG to improve voltage stability index in the radial distribution system. The two i.e. active power and combination of active and reactive power types of DGs are proposed to realize the effect of DG integration. A specific analysis has been applied on IEEE 33 bus system radial distribution networks using MATLAB 2015a software.

scholarly journals Security-Constrained Day-Ahead Operational Planning for Flexible Hybrid AC/DC Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Asrul Ibrahim ◽  
Behzad Kazemtabrizi ◽  
Javier Renedo
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Network Losses

A new active network management framework is presented based on a multi-period optimal power flow problem that is bounded by security constraints at the distribution level for upholding the security of supply. This can be achieved through active engagement with flexible demand and distributed generation to prepare for contingency events in day-ahead operational planning. This framework is coupled with a flexible hybrid AC/DC medium voltage (MV) distribution network topology. It contains an integrated multi-terminal medium voltage DC (MVDC) interface for a seamless interaction and integration of the flexible demand and generation on both AC and DC sides of the hybrid network. The active energy management framework when coupled with a flexible hybrid AC/DC topology provides unprecedented degrees of flexibility as well as security of operation under a variety of conditions. To this end, the 75-bus UK generic distribution network has been modified and converted into a hybrid AC/DC network using the integrated MVDC interface. This framework is then deployed to minimise operational costs to the network operator, considering costs of schemes such as distributed generation curtailment and flexible demand shifting, as well as network losses. Results show a significant improvement in operational costs when the network operates as a flexible hybrid when compared to a pure AC or a more conventional AC/DC hybrid.

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