scholarly journals Emotion, Respiration, and Heart Rate Variability: A Mathematical Model and Simulation Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5008
Author(s):  
Satoko Hirabayashi ◽  
Masami Iwamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Respiration Frequency

Although the generation mechanism of the low-frequency (LF) component of heart rate variability (HRV) is controversial, HRV is a potential candidate in designing objective measurement methodologies for emotions. These methodologies could be valuable for several biosignal applications. Here, we have conducted a simulation analysis using a novel mathematical model that integrates emotion, respiration, the nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. Our model has well reproduced experimental results, specifically concerning HRV with respiratory sinus arrhythmia and LF, the relation between HRV total power and the respiration frequency, and the homeostatic maintenance by the baroreflex. Our model indicates the following possibilities: (i) The delay in the heart rate control process of the parasympathetic activity works as a low-pass filter and the HRV total power decreases with a higher respiration frequency; (ii) the LF component of HRV and the Mayer wave are generated as transient responses of the baroreflex feedback control to perturbations induced by an emotional stimulus; and (iii) concentration on breathing to reduce the respiration frequency can reduce LF/HF and the reduction can be fed back to the emotional status.

NEUROCARDIAC-CARDIORESPIRATORY INTERACTION OF HEART-BRAIN MAILUNS SYNCHRONY AT DEEP ZEN MEDITATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650039
Author(s):  
Pei-Chen Lo ◽  
Wu Jue Miao Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Respiration Rhythm ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Interaction ◽  
Electrical Impulses

Innovatively new behaviors of heart rate variability caused by special heart-transition process were observed in the long-term, well-experienced Zen practitioners while practicing the heart-to-heart imprint sealing (HHIS) Zen meditation. HHIS Zen practice involves specific neurocardiac-cardiorespiratory interaction while on the way of realizing the heart-dominant, detached brain. Results of analyzing the electrocardiogram and respiratory signals of 10 experienced practitioners reveal several distinctive characteristics: (1) remarkably linear correlation between standard deviation of the normal R-to-R intervals, SDNN, and total power in very-low-frequency (VLF, 0.0033–0.04[Formula: see text]Hz) band of power spectrum of the heart-rate sequence, (2) time-varying VLF power dominating over the low-frequency and high-frequency power in heart rate variability (HRV) variations, (3) intermittent transition into slowly, deeply abdominal respiration inducing a boost of heart rates, (4) heart-rate baseline slowly fluctuating at 0.005–0.0067[Formula: see text]Hz, about 1.5–2 cycles in 5-min period, and (5) remarkable respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony between heart rate and respiration rhythm. This paper proposes a rational scientific hypothesis for the neurocardiac-cardiorespiratory mechanism. The unique scheme of HHIS Zen meditation involves the spiritual-qi concentration and refinement for pinpointing into the particular energy centers, mailuns. Ignition by a subtle, deepest abdominal respiration, electrical impulses rapidly transmit from solar plexus to branchial plexuses to activate unique heart-transition process. Simultaneously, another branch streams upward the spinal cord to cervical plexus and brainstem that effectively harmonizes neurocardiac interactions. To investigate the underlying behaviors, time-domain and frequency-domain HRV based on continuous wavelet transform were employed.

Transfer function analysis of autonomic regulation. II. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. H153-H161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Saul ◽  
R. D. Berger ◽  
M. H. Chen ◽  
R. J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Upright Posture ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Transfer Function Analysis

An efficient new technique was developed to investigate heart rate control at all physiologically relevant frequencies by using respiratory activity as a frequency probe of the autonomic nervous response. The transfer function from respiratory activity to heart rate was determined during 6-min periods in which the respiratory rate was voluntarily controlled in a predetermined but erratic fashion. Changes in posture were used to manipulate autonomic balance. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia was determined to be a frequency-dependent phenomenon with the magnitude and phase characteristics of a low-pass filter. In agreement with previous work, at typical respiratory frequencies (greater than 0.15 Hz) increases in heart rate occurred simultaneously with the onset of inspiratory activity; however, at frequencies less than 0.15 Hz the phase relationship was quite different, such that increases in heart rate preceded inspiration. Between 0.15 and 0.45 Hz, the transfer magnitude was consistently lower while the subjects were in the upright posture than when in the supine posture, but below 0.15 Hz, it was equal in both postures. A model for respiratory modulation of heart rate, based on the atrial rate response characteristics determined in the companion paper [Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 25): H142-H152, 1989], suggests that the magnitude and phase characteristics of the subjects in the supine and upright postures differ because of relatively increased sympathetic outflow in the upright posture. A precise and efficient characterization of respiratory sinus arrhythmia can yield considerable insight into the autonomic regulation of the heart.

scholarly journals Linear phase FIR filter to compute fetal heart rate variability

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Niyan Marchon ◽  
Gourish Naik
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fir Filters ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Fetal Electrocardiography

Continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR) can detect the well-being of the fetus and thus indicates non-reassuring fetal status. In- vasive fetal electrocardiography (FECG) using the fetal scalp electrode applied to the fetus scalp allows accurate detection of fetal QRS (FQRS) complexes, however with a risk of infection to the fetus. We have proposed a non-invasive fetal heart rate (NIFHR) filtering technique employing finite impulse response (FIR) filters. We applied Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the Physionet abdominal ECG (aECG) records and derived the fiduciary edges of the spectrum of the FECG. A FIR band pass filter (BPF) is designed which is a com- posite filter consisting of a high pass filter (HPF) followed by a low pass filter (LPF) in that order. The cut off frequencies of these com- posite filters are the fiduciary edges of the fetal electrocardiography spectrum. A FQRS detector to obtain fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) processes the FQRS signal filtered through these composite FIR filters. It is observed that channel 4 from records r01 and r08 obtained 100% results for sensitivity, positive predictive value and accuracy while, the overall accuracy was 92.21%. This design can also be extended to compute maternal heart rate.  

An effective heterogeneous whole-heart mathematical model of cardiac induction system with heart rate variability

2020 ◽  
pp. 095441192097805
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Elkaranshawy ◽  
Ahmed M. E. Ali ◽  
Ismail M. Abdelrazik
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Whole Heart

The main objective of this research work is to develop an effective mathematical model of cardiac conduction system using a heterogeneous whole-heart model. The model is in the form of a system of modified Van der Pol and FitzHugh-Nagumo differential equations capable of describing the heart dynamics. The proposed model extends the range of normal and pathological electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms that can be generated by the model. The effects of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the Mayer waves (MW) are both incorporated to modulate the intrinsic frequency of the main oscillator that represents the sinoatrial node. Also, three pathological conditions are incorporated into the model. The heart rate variability (HRV) phenomenon is incorporated into the synthetic ECGs produced which yields valuable information about the cardiovascular health and the performance of the autonomic nervous system. The spectral analysis of the generated RR tachogram delivers power spectrums that resemble those obtained from real recordings. Also, the proposed model generates synthetic ECGs that characteristic the three considered pathological conditions, namely, the tall T wave, the ECG with U wave, and the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In general, the significance of this research work is in developing a mathematical model that represents the interactions between different pacemakers and allows analysis of cardiac rhythms. To show the effectiveness and the accuracy of the presented model, the results are compared to published results. The proposed model can be a useful tool to study the influences of different physiological conditions on the profile of the ECG. The synthetic ECG signals produced can be used as signal sources for the assessment of diagnostic ECG signal processing devices.

Heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity are reduced in chronically undernourished, but otherwise healthy, human subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario VAZ ◽  
A.V. BHARATHI ◽  
S. SUCHARITA ◽  
D. NAZARETH
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Frequency Power

Alterations in autonomic nerve activity in subjects in a chronically undernourished state have been proposed, but have been inadequately documented. The present study evaluated heart rate and systolic blood pressure variability in the frequency domain in two underweight groups, one of which was undernourished and recruited from the lower socio-economic strata [underweight, undernourished (UW/UN); n = 15], while the other was from a high class of socio-economic background [underweight, well nourished (UW/WN); n = 17], as well as in normal-weight controls [normal weight, well nourished (NW/WN); n = 27]. Baroreflex sensitivity, which is a determinant of heart rate variability, was also assessed. The data indicate that total power (0–0.4Hz), low-frequency power (0.04–0.15Hz) and high-frequency power (0.15–0.4Hz) of RR interval variability were significantly lower in the UW/UN subjects (P<0.05) than in the NW/WN controls when expressed in absolute units, but not when the low- and high-frequency components were normalized for total power. Baroreflex sensitivity was similarly lower in the UW/UN group (P<0.05). Heart rate variability parameters in the UW/WN group were generally between those of the UW/UN and NW/WN groups, but were not statistically different from either. The mechanisms that contribute to the observed differences between undernourished and normal-weight groups, and the implications of these differences, remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Respiratory-related heart rate variability in progressive experimental heart failure

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. H1729-H1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Motte ◽  
Myrielle Mathieu ◽  
Serge Brimioulle ◽  
Anne Pensis ◽  
Lynn Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Progressive Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Heart failure is associated with autonomic imbalance, and this can be evaluated by a spectral analysis of heart rate variability. However, the time course of low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) heart rate variability changes, and their functional correlates during progression of the disease are not exactly known. Progressive heart failure was induced in 16 beagle dogs over a 7-wk period by rapid ventricular pacing. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability and respiration, echocardiography, hemodynamic measurements, plasma atrial natriuretic factor, and norepinephrine was obtained at baseline and every week, 30 min after pacing interruption. Progressive heart failure increased heart rate (from 91 ± 4 to 136 ± 5 beats/min; P < 0.001) and decreased absolute and normalized (percentage of total power) HF variability from week 1 and 2, respectively ( P < 0.01). Absolute LF variability did not change during the study until it disappeared in two dogs at week 7 ( P < 0.05). Normalized LF variability increased in moderate heart failure ( P < 0.01), leading to an increased LF-to-HF ratio ( P < 0.05), but decreased in severe heart failure ( P < 0.044; week 7 vs. week 5). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that among heart rate variables, absolute HF variability was closely associated with wedge pressure, right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and volume, ratio of maximal velocity of early (E) and atrial (A) mitral flow waves, left atrial diameter, plasma norepinephrine, and atrial natriuretic peptide (0.45 < r < 0.65, all P < 0.001). In tachycardia-induced heart failure, absolute HF heart rate variability is a more reliable indicator of cardiac dysfunction and neurohumoral activation than LF heart rate variability.

scholarly journals The Influence ofNrf2on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Howden ◽  
Eva Gougian ◽  
Marcus Lawrence ◽  
Samantha Cividanes ◽  
Wesley Gladwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Cardiac Responses

Nrf2protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role ofNrf2on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption ofNrf2would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures.Nrf2-/-andNrf2+/+mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P<0.001) and HF HRV (P<0.001) inNrf2-/-mice compared toNrf2+/+mice.Nrf2-/-mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less thanNrf2+/+mice (~22 hrs;P<0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater inNrf2-/-compared toNrf2+/+mice (P<0.01). Results demonstrate thatNrf2deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.

Abstract P315: Increase in Stress May Contribute to Lower Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Young Subjects

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C Costa ◽  
Ana Gabriela C Silva ◽  
Cibele T Ribeiro ◽  
Guilherme A Fregonezi ◽  
Fernando A Dias
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nonparametric Correlation

Background: Stress is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and decreased heart rate variability is associated to increased mortality in some cardiac diseases. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of perceived stress on cardiac autonomic regulation in young healthy volunteers. Methods: 35 young healthy volunteers (19 to 29 years old, 6 men) from a Brazilian population were assessed for perceived stress by the translated and validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, 14 questions) and had the R-R intervals recorded at rest on supine position (POLAR RS800CX) and analyzed (5 minutes, Kubius HRV software) by Fast-Fourier Transform for quantification of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Results: Average data (±SD) for age, heart rate, BMI, waist circumference and percentage of body fat (%BF) were: 21.3±2.7 years; 65.5±7.9 bpm; 22.3±1.9 Kg/m 2 ; 76.0±6.1 cm and 32.1±6.6%; respectively. The mean score for the PSS-14 was 23.5±7.2 and for the HRV parameter as follow: SSDN=54.8±21.2ms; rMSSD=55.9±32.2ms; low-frequency (LF)= 794.8±579.7ms 2 ; High-frequency (HF)= 1508.0±1783.0 ms 2 ; LF(n.u.)= 41.1±16.2; HF(n.u.)= 58.9±16.2; LF/HF=0.89±0.80 and Total power (TP)= 3151±2570ms 2 . Spearman nonparametric correlation was calculated and there was a significant correlation of PSS-14 scores and LF (ms 2 ) (r=−0.343; p= 0.044). Other HRV variables did not shown significant correlation but also had negative values for Spearman r (TP r=−0.265, p=0.124; HF r=−0.158; SSDN r=−0.207; rMSSD r=−0.243, p=0.160). LF/HF and LF(n.u.) did not correlate to PSS-14 having Spearman r very close to zero (LF/HF r=−0.007, p=0.969; LF(n.u.) r=−0.005, p=0.976). No correlation was found for HRV parameters and BMI and there was a trend for statistical correlation of %BF and LF (ms 2 ) (r=−0.309, p=0.071). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a possible association of perceived stress level and HRV at rest. Changes in LF can be a consequence of both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, however, analyzing the other variables HF, TP, SSDN and rMSSD (all negative Spearman r) and due to the lack of changes in LF/HF ratio and LF(n.u.) we interpret that increased stress may be associated to decrease in overall heart rate variability. These changes were seen in healthy individuals and may point out an important mechanism in cardiovascular disease development.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Reflex Tests for Assessment of Autonomic Functions in Preeclampsia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Chaswal ◽  
Raj Kapoor ◽  
Achla Batra ◽  
Savita Verma ◽  
Bhupendra S. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflex Tests

Alterations in the autonomic cardiovascular control have been implicated to play an important etiologic role in preeclampsia. The present study was designed to evaluate autonomic functions in preeclamptic pregnant women and compare the values with normotensive pregnant and healthy nonpregnant controls. Assessment of autonomic functions was done by cardiovascular reflex tests and by analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Cardiovascular reflex tests included deep breathing test (DBT) and lying to standing test (LST). HRV was analyzed in both time and frequency domain for quantifying the tone of autonomic nervous system to the heart. The time domain measures included standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and square root of mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD). In the frequency domain we measured total power (TP), high frequency (HF) power, low frequency (LF) power, and LF/HF ratio. Cardiovascular reflex tests showed a significant parasympathetic deficit in preeclamptic women. Among parameters of HRV, preeclamptic group had lower values of SDNN, RMSSD, TP, HF, and LF (ms2) and higher value of LF in normalised units along with high LF/HF ratio compared to normotensive pregnant and nonpregnant controls. Furthermore, normotensive pregnant women had lower values of SDNN, TP, and LF component in both absolute power and normalised units compared to nonpregnant females. The results confirm that normal pregnancy is associated with autonomic disturbances which get exaggerated in the state of preeclampsia.

On the fractal nature of heart rate variability in humans: effects of respiratory sinus arrhythmia

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. H480-H486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yamamoto ◽  
J. O. Fortrat ◽  
R. L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Fractal Nature ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Spectral Exponent ◽  
Random Fractal

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the basic fractal nature of the variability in resting heart rate (HRV), relative to that in breathing frequency (BFV) and tidal volume (TVV), and to test the hypothesis that fractal HRV is due to the fractal BFV and/or TVV in humans. In addition, the possible fractal nature of respiratory volume curves (RVC) and HRV was observed. In the first study, eight subjects were tested while they sat quietly in a comfortable chair for 60 min. Beat-to-beat R-R intervals, i.e., HRV, and breath-by-breath BFV and TVV were measured. In the second study, six subjects were tested while they were in the supine position for 20-30 min. The RVC was monitored continuously together with HRV. Coarse-graining spectral analysis (Yamamoto, Y., and R. L. Hughson, Physica D 68: 250-264, 1993) was applied to these signals to evaluate the percentage of random fractal components in the time series (%Fractal) and the spectral exponent (beta), which characterizes irregularity of the signals. The estimates of beta were determined for each variable only over the range normally used to evaluate HRV. Values for %Fractal and beta of both BFV and TVV were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than those for HRV. In addition, there was no significant (P > 0.05) correlation between the beta values of HRV relative to either BFV (r = 0.14) or TVV (r = 0.34). RVC showed a smooth oscillation as compared with HRV; %Fractal for RVC (42.3 +/- 21.7%, mean +/- SD) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that for HRV (78.5 +/- 4.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document