scholarly journals MT–HVdc Systems Fault Classification and Location Methods Based on Traveling and Non-Traveling Waves—A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheel Muzzammel ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Mohammad Rashid Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Paper ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Fault Classification ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Grounding Resistance ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Detailed Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Wave Methods ◽  
Location Methods

Estimation of fault classification and location in a multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT–HVdc) transmission system is a challenging problem and is considered to be a fundamental maneuver of dc grid protection. This research paper critically reviews traveling and non-travelling wave methods of classification and location of dc faults in multi-terminal HVdc transmission systems. Detailed mathematical analysis of MT–HVdc systems composed of high grounding resistance, cable and overhead line segments, and bipolar coupled transmission network under healthy and faulty conditions, are evaluated. The gravity of this research paper addresses benefits and shortcomings of traveling and non-traveling wave methods and futuristic techniques of fault classification and location.

scholarly journals Wavelet transform as a postprocessing diagnostic tool for fault identifications of high-voltage direct current transmission system

FACETS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sanjeevikumar ◽  
Frede Blaabjerg
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Ground Fault ◽  
Current Transmission

This short communication focuses on exploiting the inherent advantages of discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) as a diagnostic tool for post-processing and for identifying the faults that occur in the standard high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission network. In particular, a set of investigations are developed and examined for single-line-to-ground fault on the generation and on the load side converter, and DC-link fault. For this purpose, a standard 12-pulse line-commutated converter (LCC)-HVDC transmission network along with the DWT algorithm is numerically modeled in the MATLAB/PLECS simulation software. Furthermore, in this paper, a set of designed faulty conditions are predicted using the output of DWT and the results of numerical simulation are presented. Results are in good agreement with expectations to prove that DWT is an effective tool for fault diagnostics.

scholarly journals Pilot Protection Based on Amplitude of Directional Travelling Wave for Voltage Source Converter-High Voltage Direct Current (VSC-HVDC) Transmission Lines

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingtong Jiang ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Wudi Huang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Yu Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Fault Resistance ◽  
Pilot Protection

This paper presents a novel pilot protection scheme of DC cable line in voltage-source-converter (VSC) based multi-terminal DC (MTDC) grids, which utilizes a novel phase-mode transformation to decouple the bipolar DC cable current into six mode and it uses the stationary wavelet transform to extract the modulus maxima of fault initial traveling waves current (FITWC). With accurate amplitude and polarities of the FITWC being collected from the fault-detection devices located at each terminal, the proposed scheme can correctly determine the faulty segment and the faulty pole. In this paper, the ratio of amplitudes between sixth mode forward and backward travelling wave currents is used to judge the faulty segment and the polarity of fifth mode forward travelling wave current is used to identify the faulty pole. A four-terminal VSC-based MTDC grid was built in PSCAD/EMTDC to evaluate the performance of the fault-protection scheme. Simulation results for different cases demonstrate that the proposed protection scheme is robust against noise, and has been tested successfully for fault resistance of up to 400 Ω. Since the scheme merely needs the characteristics of FITWCs, the practical difficulties of detecting subsequent travelling waves are avoided. Moreover, only the state signal is needed to send to the other side in proposed scheme, so low communication speed can satisfy the requirement of relay protection and it does not need the data synchronization seriously.

scholarly journals Single Pole-to-Ground Fault Analysis of MMC-HVDC Transmission Lines Based on Capacitive Fuzzy Identification Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Hongchun Shu ◽  
Na An ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Yue Dai ◽  
Yu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Fuzzy Identification ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Ground Fault ◽  
Hvdc Transmission Lines

The probability of a single pole-to-ground fault in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines is relatively high. For the modular multilevel converter HVDC (MMC-HVDC) systems, when a single pole-to-ground fault occurs, the fault current is small, and it is difficult to identify the fault quickly. Through a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the single pole-to-ground fault of the MMC-HVDC transmission line, it is found that the single pole-to-ground fault has obvious capacitance-related characteristics, and the transient process after the single pole-to-ground fault is the discharge process of the distributed capacitance of the line. However, other faults do not have such obvious capacitance-related characteristics. Based on such feature, this paper proposes a novel capacitive fuzzy identification method to identify the single pole-to-ground fault. This algorithm can effectively identify both the fault of single pole-to-ground and the fault pole, which can contribute to the large database of the future smart grid.

scholarly journals Novel travelling wave directional pilot protection for VSC-HVDC transmission line

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1705-1713
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Dachuan Yu ◽  
Haishan Yang ◽  
Mengqian Hou ◽  
Yifei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
Pilot Protection

scholarly journals Minimum Short Circuit Ratio Requirement for MMC-HVDC Systems Based on Small-Signal Stability Analysis

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheren Zhang ◽  
Liang Xiao ◽  
Guoteng Wang ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Zheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Small Signal Stability ◽  
Ratio Requirement ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Hvdc System ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Signal Stability

This paper determines the minimum short circuit ratio (SCR) requirement for a modular multilevel converter based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) transmission systems. Firstly, a simplified model of MMC is introduced; the MMC is represented by its AC and DC side equivalent circuit. Next, by linearizing the MMC subsystem and the DC network subsystem, the deduction of the small-signal models of MMC subsystem, the small-signal model of the DC network and MMC-HVDC are carried out successively. Thirdly, the procedure for determining the minimum SCR requirement of MMC-HVDC is described. Finally, case studies are performed on a two-terminal MMC-HVDC system under four typical control schemes. The results show that the restraint factors for the rectifier MMC is predominantly the voltage safety limit constraint, and the restraint factors for the inverter MMC are mainly the phase locked loop (PLL) or the outer reactive power controller. It is suggested that the minimum SCR requirement for the sending and the receiving systems should be 2.0 and 1.5 in the planning stage.

scholarly journals A Selective Fault Clearing Scheme for a Hybrid VSC-LCC Multi-Terminal HVdc System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Naushath M. Haleem ◽  
Athula D. Rajapakse ◽  
Aniruddha M. Gole ◽  
Ioni T. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Hvdc System ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Clearing Functions ◽  
Transmission Structure ◽  
The Impact

A selective fault clearing scheme is proposed for a hybrid voltage source converter (VSC)-line commutated converter (LCC) multi-terminal high voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission structure in which two small capacity VSC stations tap into the main transmission line of a high capacity LCC-HVdc link. The use of dc circuit breakers (dc CBs) on the branches connecting to VSCs at the tapping points is explored to minimize the impact of tapping on the reliability of the main LCC link. This arrangement allows clearing of temporary faults on the main LCC line as usual by force retardation of the LCC rectifier. The faults on the branches connecting to VSC stations can be cleared by blocking insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and opening ac circuit breakers (ac CB), without affecting the main line’s performance. A local voltage and current measurement based fault discrimination scheme is developed to identify the faulted sections and pole(s), and trigger appropriate fault recovery functions. This fault discrimination scheme is capable of detecting and discriminating short circuits and high resistances faults in any branch well before 2 ms. For the test grid considered, 6 kA, 2 ms dc CBs can easily facilitate the intended fault clearing functions and maintain the power transfer through healthy pole during single-pole faults.

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