scholarly journals No Evidence That Frontal Optical Flow Affects Perceived Locomotor Speed and Locomotor Biomechanics When Running on a Treadmill

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Caramenti ◽  
Claudio L. Lafortuna ◽  
Elena Mugellini ◽  
Omar Abou Khaled ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bresciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Accommodation Process ◽  
Healthy Participants

We investigated how the presentation and the manipulation of an optical flow while running on a treadmill affect perceived locomotor speed (Experiment 1) and gait parameters (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 12 healthy participants were instructed to run at an imposed speed and to focus on their sensorimotor sensations to be able to reproduce this running speed later. After a pause, they had to retrieve the reference locomotor speed by manipulating the treadmill speed while being presented with different optical flow conditions, namely no optical flow or a matching/slower/faster optical flow. In Experiment 2, 20 healthy participants ran at a previously self-selected constant speed while being presented with different optical flow conditions (see Experiment 1). The results did not show any effect of the presence and manipulation of the optical flow either on perceived locomotor speed or on the biomechanics of treadmill running. Specifically, the ability to retrieve the reference locomotor speed was similar for all optical flow conditions. Manipulating the speed of the optical flow did not affect the spatiotemporal gait parameters and also failed to affect the treadmill running accommodation process. Nevertheless, the virtual reality conditions affected the heart rate of the participants but without affecting perceived effort.

VO2max during horizontal and inclined treadmill running

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Kasch ◽  
J. P. Wallace ◽  
R. R. Huhn ◽  
L. A. Krogh ◽  
P. M. Hurl
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
College Males ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Nonsignificant Difference

The VO2max response of 12 well-trained and highly motivated college males was measured using two treadmill protocols: horizontal (H) and inclined (I). The duration of each test averaged 10 min. In the H test the treadmill bed was horizontal with the running rate held constant for the first 6 min, after which time it was increased at 1-min intervals to near maximal subject running speed, according to the HR response, until exhaustion. The I method simulated the protocol of Costill and Fox, with the treadmill speed at about 80–90% of mean maximal running rate established from 12- and 15-min track runs. The treadmill bed was held horizontal during the first 4 min, after which time it was elevated to 4% and elevated 2% each 2 min thereafter until exhaustion. No significant differences were found in VO2max, 4.267 1/min (I), and 4.192 1/min (H), average max HR, 190.4/MIN (I), and 188.9/min (H); respiratory rate, 56.4/min (I), and 62.0/min (H); and VEBTPS, 145.2 1/min (I), and 143.3 1/min (H). It was concluded that the intensities of both treadmill methods, H and I, were sufficient to produce a nonsignificant difference in maximal VO2 values with the type subjects employed.

scholarly journals A Comparison of an Integrated Three-dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of High-speed Incline and Level Treadmill running in Elite Football Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Jaspal Singh Sandhu ◽  
Amrinder Singh ◽  
Deepchand Nigam Arvind
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Analysis System

ABSTRACT Purpose Recent sprint training regimens have used high-speed incline treadmill running to provide enhanced loading of muscles responsible for increasing forward running speed. The purpose of this study was to determine the standard alterations in the lower-limb joint kinematics and gait parameters resulting from changes in treadmill slope during the use of the treadmill as a medical reference. Subjects The subjects of this study were 20 normal, healthy elite football players without any orthopedic, respiratory, or cardiovascular system problems. Materials and methods The running gait of subjects was analyzed using motion analysis system on an inclined treadmill with three running trials, each for 3 minutes. The gait was measured at incline of 0, 9, and 18%. The speed of the treadmill was fixed at 4.0 m/s in order to maintain a constant running speed. Results The subjects’ gait parameters were observed to change significantly between slopes of 0 and 18%. The results showed greater maximum knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and total hip range of motion (ROM) in incline treadmill running compared to level running. Conclusion The results of this study can be put in as a predesigned rehabilitation program for sprint training on a treadmill, especially for treadmills with adjustable gradients. How to cite this article Singh A, Arvind DN, Sandhu JS. A Comparison of an Integrated Three-dimensional Biomechanical Analysis of High-speed Incline and Level Treadmill running in Elite Football Players. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(4):185-189.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal gait parameters obtained from foot-worn inertial sensors are reliable in healthy adults in single- and dual-task conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Soulard ◽  
J. Vaillant ◽  
R. Balaguier ◽  
N. Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Gait Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Absolute Reliability

AbstractInertial measurement units (IMUs) are increasingly popular and may be usable in clinical routine to assess gait. However, assessing their intra-session reliability is crucial and has not been tested with foot-worn sensors in healthy participants. The aim of this study was to assess the intra-session reliability of foot-worn IMUs for measuring gait parameters in healthy adults. Twenty healthy participants were enrolled in the study and performed the 10-m walk test in single- and dual-task ('carrying a full cup of water') conditions, three trials per condition. IMUs were used to assess spatiotemporal gait parameters, gait symmetry parameters (symmetry index (SI) and symmetry ratio (SR)), and dual task effects parameters. The relative and the absolute reliability were calculated for each gait parameter. Results showed that spatiotemporal gait parameters measured with foot-worn inertial sensors were reliable; symmetry gait parameters relative reliability was low, and SR showed better absolute reliability than SI; dual task effects were poorly reliable, and taking the mean of the second and the third trials was the most reliable. Foot-worn IMUs are reliable to assess spatiotemporal and symmetry ratio gait parameters but symmetry index and DTE gait parameters reliabilities were low and need to be interpreted with cautious by clinicians and researchers.

Expected Task Duration and Perceived Effort: An Attributional Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Rejeski ◽  
Paul M. Ribisl
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Attributional Analysis ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of anticipated task duration on ratings of perceived exertion during treadmill running. Male subjects.(N = 15) completed two separate runs on a motor-driven treadmill at 85% V02 max. During one trial, subjects ran for a period of 20 minutes, while for a second trial, subjects were led to believe that they would be running for 30 minutes. In each case, the trials were terminated at the 20-minute mark. Ratings of perceived exertion, heart rates, respiratory rates, and ventilatory minute volumes were collected across each trial. Results supported the supposition that the anticipation of continued performance mediated ratings of effort expenditure. This effect was obtained only during moderate work levels and was in contrast to research examining mental fatigue.

Submaximal Markers of Fatigue and Overreaching; Implications for Monitoring Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (09) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Siegl ◽  
Elisa M. Kösel ◽  
Nicholas Tam ◽  
Susanne Koschnick ◽  
Nelleke Langerak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Trained Runners

AbstractThe regular monitoring of athletes is important to fine-tune training and detect early symptoms of overreaching. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine if a noninvasive submaximal running test could reflect a state of overreaching. 14 trained runners completed a noninvasive Lamberts Submaximal Running Test, one week before and 2 days after finishing an ultramarathon, and delayed onset of muscle soreness and the daily analysis of life demands for athletes questionnaire were also captured. After the ultramarathon, submaximal heart rate was lower at 70% (−3 beats) and 85% of peak treadmill running speed (P<0.01). Ratings of perceived exertion were higher at 60% (2 units) and 85% (one unit) of peak treadmill running speed, while 60-second heart rate recovery was significantly faster (7 beats, P<0.001). Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness scores and the number of symptoms of stress (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes) were also higher after the ultramarathon (P<0.01). The current study shows that the Lamberts Submaximal Running Test is able to reflect early symptoms of overreaching. Responses to acute fatigue and overreaching were characterized by counterintuitive responses, such as lower submaximal heart rates and faster heart rate recovery, while ratings of perceived exertion were higher.

Spectral Analysis of Impact Shock during Running

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn R. Shorten ◽  
Darcy S. Winslow
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Body ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Shock Wave ◽  
Impact Shock

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increasing impact shock levels on the spectral characteristics of impact shock and impact shock wave attenuation in the body during treadmill running. Twelve male subjects ran at 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 m s−1on a treadmill. Axial accelerations of the shank and head were measured using low-mass accelerometers. The typical shank acceleration power spectrum contained two major components which corresponded to the active (5–8 Hz) and impact (12–20 Hz) phases of the time-domain ground reaction force. Both the amplitude and frequency of leg shock transients increased with increasing running speed. Greatest attenuation of the shock transmitted to the head occurred in the 15–50 Hz range. Attenuation increased with increasing running speed. Thus transmission of the impact shock wave to the head was limited, despite large increases in impact shock at the lower extremity.

scholarly journals Speed-related but not detrended gait variability increases with more sensitive self-paced treadmill controllers at multiple slopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar R. Castano ◽  
Helen J. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Variability ◽  
The Self ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

AbstractSelf-paced treadmills are being used more and more to study humans walking with their self-selected gaits on a range of slopes. There are multiple options to purchase a treadmill with or implement a custom written self-paced controller, which raises questions about how self-paced controller affect treadmill speed and gait biomechanics on multiple slopes. This study investigated how different self-paced treadmill controller sensitivities affected gait parameters and variability on a decline, level, and incline slopes. We hypothesized that increasing self-paced controller sensitivity would increase gait variability on each slope. We also hypothesized that detrended variability could help mitigate differences in variability that arise from differences in speed fluctuations created by the self-paced controllers. Ten young adults walked on a self-paced treadmill using three self-paced controller sensitivities (low, medium, and high) and fixed speeds at three slopes (decline, −10°; level, 0°; incline, +10°). Within each slope, average walking speeds and spatiotemporal gait parameters were similar regardless of self-paced controller sensitivity. With higher controller sensitivities on each slope, speed fluctuations, speed variance, and step length variance increased whereas step frequency variance and step width variance were unaffected. Detrended variance was not affected by controller sensitivity suggesting that detrending variability helps mitigate differences associated with treadmill speed fluctuations. Speed-trend step length variances, however, increased with more sensitive controllers. Further, detrended step length variances were similar for self-paced and fixed speed walking, whereas self-paced walking included substantial speed-trend step length variance not present in fixed speed walking. In addition, regardless of the self-paced controller, subjects walked fastest on the level slope with the longest steps, widest steps, and least variance. Overall, our findings suggest that separating gait variability into speed-trend and detrended variability could be beneficial for interpreting gait variability among multiple self-paced treadmill studies and when comparing self-paced walking with fixed speed walking.

Characteristics Associated with 10-km Running Performance among a Group of Highly Trained Male Endurance Runners Age 21–63 Years

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Bird ◽  
Simon C. Theakston ◽  
Andrew Owen ◽  
Alan M. Nevill
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Single Predictor

This study assessed physiological and cardiac factors associated with 10-km running performance in a group of highly trained endurance runners age 21–63 years. Participants (N= 37) underwent a resting echocardiograph and incremental treadmill running test. They also provided information on their recent 10-km races. Data were analyzed using “best subsets” multiple regression. Declines with age were found for 10-km running speed (0.26 m · s−1· decade−1), maximum heart rate (4 beats/decade), VO2peak(6 ml · kg−1· min−1· decade−1), velocity at lactate threshold (1 m · s−1· decade−1), and VO2at lactate threshold (4 ml · kg−1· min−1· decade−1). The percentage of VO2peakat which lactate threshold occurred increased with age by 1.5% per decade. The rate of change of displacement of the atrioventricular plane at the left free wall and septum both declined by 1 cm · s−1· decade−1. The best single predictor of 10-km running speed was velocity at lactate threshold.

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