scholarly journals Optimization of the CO2 Liquefaction Process-Performance Study with Varying Ambient Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jackson ◽  
Eivind Brodal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Cooling Temperature ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Liquefaction Process

In carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) projects, the transportation of CO2 by ship can be an attractive alternative to transportation using a pipeline, particularly when the distance between the source and usage or storage location is large. However, a challenge associated with this approach is that the energy consumption of the liquefaction process can be significant, which makes the selection of an energy-efficient design an important factor in the minimization of operating costs. Since the liquefaction process operates at low temperature, its energy consumption varies with ambient temperature, which influences the trade-off point between different liquefaction process designs. A consistent set of data showing the relationship between energy consumption and cooling temperature is therefore useful in the CCUS system modelling. This study addresses this issue by modelling the performance of a variety of CO2 liquefaction processes across a range of ambient temperatures applying a methodical approach for the optimization of process operating parameters. The findings comprise a set of data for the minimum energy consumption cases. The main conclusions of this study are that an open-cycle CO2 process will offer lowest energy consumption below 20 °C cooling temperature and that over the cooling temperature range 15 to 50 °C, the minimum energy consumption for all liquefaction process rises by around 40%.

scholarly journals Optimization of the CO2 Liquefaction Process - Performance Study with Varying Ambient Temperature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Jackson ◽  
Eivind Brodal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Cooling Temperature ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liquefaction Process

In CCS projects, the transportation of CO2 by ship can be an attractive alternative to transportation using a pipeline, particularly when the distance between source and disposal location is large. However, the energy consumption of the liquefaction process can be significant, making the selection of an energy-efficient design an important factor in the minimization of operating costs. Since the liquefaction process operates at low temperature, its energy consumption will vary with ambient temperature, which could be a factor that influences the trade-off point between pipelines and shipping in different geographic locations. A consistent set of data showing the relationship between energy consumption and cooling temperature is therefore potentially useful to CCS system modelling. This study compares the performance of a wide range of CO2 liquefaction schemes. It applies a methodical approach to the optimization of process operating parameters and studies performance across a range of operating temperatures. A set of data for the minimum energy consumption cases is presented. The main findings are that open-cycle CO2 processes often offer minimum energy consumption; NH3 based schemes often offer better performance at higher ambient temperatures; and that for the cooling temperature range 15 to 50 °C, the energy consumption for the best performing liquefaction process rises by around 40%.

scholarly journals Real Time Minimum Energy Tracking Techniquies for Digital Load Circuit

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 5897-5900
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
System Software ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Tablet Pcs ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Load Circuit

Minimization of energy consumption is an important constraint in portable electronic devices such as smart phones or tablet PCs, laptops . With reliable energy measurement and estimation methods and tools, it is possible to accurate prediction of minimum energy consumption at different levels i.e., from circuit to architecture, architecture to system software and system software to application. Energy efficient design requires reducing energy dissipation in all stages of the design process without compromising the system performance and the quality of services..

Evaluation the effect of the ambient temperature on the liquid petroleum gas transportation pipeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Ali Abd ◽  
Samah Zaki Naji ◽  
Ching Thian Tye ◽  
Mohd Roslee Othman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Compressible Liquid ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plays a major role in worldwide energy consumption as a clean source of energy with low greenhouse gases emission. LPG transportation is exhibited through networks of pipelines, maritime, and tracks. LPG transmission using pipeline is environmentally friendly owing to the low greenhouse gases emission and low energy requirements. This work is a comprehensive evaluation of transportation petroleum gas in liquid state and compressible liquid state concerning LPG density, temperature and pressure, flow velocity, and pump energy consumption under the impact of different ambient temperatures. Inevitably, the pipeline surface exchanges heat between LPG and surrounding soil owing to the temperature difference and change in elevation. To prevent phase change, it is important to pay attention for several parameters such as ambient temperature, thermal conductivity of pipeline materials, soil type, and change in elevation for safe, reliable, and economic transportation. Transporting LPG at high pressure requests smaller pipeline size and consumes less energy for pumps due to its higher density. Also, LPG transportation under moderate or low pressure is more likely exposed to phase change, thus more thermal insulation and pressure boosting stations required to maintain the phase envelope. The models developed in this work aim to advance the existing knowledge and serve as a guide for efficient design by underling the importance of the mentioned parameters.

scholarly journals Optimization of Energy-Efficient Speed Profile for Electrified Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Abbas ◽  
Youngki Kim ◽  
Jason B. Siegel ◽  
Denise M. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
System A ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Route Information

This paper presents a study of energy-efficient operation of vehicles with electrified powertrains leveraging route information, such as road grades, to adjust the speed trajectory. First, Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle (PMP) is applied to derive necessary conditions and to determine the possible operating modes. The analysis shows that only 5 modes are required to achieve minimum energy consumption; full propulsion, cruising, coasting, full regeneration, and full regeneration with conventional braking. The minimum energy consumption problem is reformulated and solved in the distance domain using Dynamic Programming to optimize speed profiles. A case study is shown for a light weight military robot including road grades. For this system, a tradeoff between energy consumption and trip time was found. The optimal cycle uses 20% less energy for the same trip duration, or could reduce the travel time by 14% with the same energy consumption compared to the baseline operation.

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