scholarly journals Promoting Optimal User Experience through Composite Challenge Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4106
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cruz ◽  
Luis A. Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Movement Interaction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
And Task

Optimal user experience or flow is a theory with great impact on user experience. Promoting flow has become a competitive advantage for interactive systems, including rehabilitation. This can be achieved through an engaging interface that provides a rewarding experience and motivates the user to use the system again. This theory sustains that promoting a state of flow and improving task performance depends heavily on the balance between the challenges posed by the system and the skills deployed by the user. We further claim that balanced mental and motor skills demanded by the task improve flow and task performance. This paper presents an experiment supporting these claims. For this, we built two movement-interaction rehabilitation systems called SIBMER and Macoli (arm in Náhuatl). Both systems have two versions, one with a balanced load of mental and motor skills, and the other with an unbalanced one. Both versions are compared in terms of their potential to promote the state of flow and to improve task performance. Results show that a balance demand of mental and motor skills promotes flow, independently of the task complexity. Likewise, the experiment shows a correlation between flow and performance.

scholarly journals Sport Courage, Worry and Fear in Relation to Success of Alpine Ski Learning

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Vjekoslav Cigrovski ◽  
Ivan Radman ◽  
Erkut Konter ◽  
Mateja Očić ◽  
Lana Ružić
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Basic Level

(1) Background: Individuals’ psychological traits can influence not just success in sport but also the ability to learn new motor skills. We investigated whether sport courage, worry and fear differ between alpine ski-naive and basic level skiers and how they affect ski learning. (2): A total of 337 students (249 ski-naive and 88 basic level) participated in research consisting of a four-part questionnaire and structured skiing program. (3) Results: For beginners, lower fear (r = −0.30, p < 0.01) and higher Self-efficiency (r = 0.28, p < 0.05) and mastery (r = 0.20, p < 0.01) were associated with better performance; reducing fear and increasing self-efficiency and worry increased performance. Experienced skiers were better in determination, mastery, and self-efficiency (all p < 0.05). In case of lower score in worry (r = −0.28, p < 0.01) and higher in self-efficiency (r = 0.22, p < 0.05) performance was better. Males scored higher in sport courage scale-31 (all p < 0.05). In particular, self-efficiency was associated with better (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), and higher fear with poorer performance (r = −0.33, p < 0.01). Moreover, self-efficiency was a predictor of ski success (p < 0.001). On the other hand, females like ski beginners scored higher in fear (p < 0.001). In females, determination, mastery and self-efficiency had a positive correlation with skiing (r = 0.21, p < 0.05, r = 0.28, p < 0.01, and r = 0.33, p < 0.01, respectively), while association between Fear and skiing (r = −0.46, p < 0.01) was negative, and fear (p < 0.001) was inversely related to success. (4): Conclusions: Psychological factors and gender differences need to be considered during learning phases of alpine skiing. There is a positive association between self-efficiency and performance of male ski beginners, and negative association between fear and achieved results in basic alpine ski school in case of female ski beginners.

scholarly journals How Much Information Does a Robot Need? Exploring the Benefits of Increased Sensory Range in a Simulated Crowd Navigation Task

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Marit Hagens ◽  
Serge Thill
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Navigation Task ◽  
Navigation Strategy ◽  
Hardware Designs ◽  
Navigation Strategies ◽  
And Task

Perfect information about an environment allows a robot to plan its actions optimally, but often requires significant investments into sensors and possibly infrastructure. In applications relevant to human–robot interaction, the environment is by definition dynamic and events close to the robot may be more relevant than distal ones. This suggests a non-trivial relationship between sensory sophistication on one hand, and task performance on the other. In this paper, we investigate this relationship in a simulated crowd navigation task. We use three different environments with unique characteristics that a crowd navigating robot might encounter and explore how the robot’s sensor range correlates with performance in the navigation task. We find diminishing returns of increased range in our particular case, suggesting that task performance and sensory sophistication might follow non-trivial relationships and that increased sophistication on the sensor side does not necessarily equal a corresponding increase in performance. Although this result is a simple proof of concept, it illustrates the benefit of exploring the consequences of different hardware designs—rather than merely algorithmic choices—in simulation first. We also find surprisingly good performance in the navigation task, including a low number of collisions with simulated human agents, using a relatively simple A*/NavMesh-based navigation strategy, which suggests that navigation strategies for robots in crowds need not always be sophisticated.

Interaction of Arousal and Task Difficulty upon Perceptual Restriction

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Long ◽  
Suchoon S. Mo
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Arousal Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Central Task ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
And Task

Ss were required to perform both central and peripheral perceptual tasks presented simultaneously by means of 200-msec. tachistoscopic flashes. The central task, requiring the discrimination between 2 lines on the basis of length, was progressively increased in difficulty from Test I to Test III. Peripheral task performance required the estimation of the number of black dots surrounding the central task. This number varied randomly between 1 and 8. Half the Ss in each test performed these tasks under stress (hand in ice-water), the other Ss under no stress. A significant interaction ( p < .01) was found; the stress group was inferior to the no-stress group on the peripheral task when the central task was relatively easy (Test I) but was superior to the no-stress group when the central task was extremely difficult (Test III). The results were interpreted in terms of the dependence of the “range of cue utilization” upon the degree of difficulty of the perceptual material as well as arousal level.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MOTIVASI, KOMPLEKSITAS TUGAS, DAN INSENTIF MONETER TERHADAP KINERJA INDIVIDU

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Aulia Azzardina
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

This study investigates the relationship between motivation and task complexity on performance. Monetary incentives are involved in this study as a moderating variable. The motivation examined in this research is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. A 2x2 quasi-experiment has been conducted and involving 66 university students. Two and three-way ANOVA are used for hypothetical testing. The result shows that individuals with intrinsic motivation have shown better performance than those with extrinsic motivation. After individuals have faced more complex tasks, they achieved lower scores than those who faced less complex tasks. Prior studies suggested that motivation could be destructed by monetary incentives. However, there is no interaction proof when moderating variable is involved. The relationship between motivation and performance is not influenced by monetary incentives. In line with it, the relationship between task complexity and performance is also not strengthened or weakened by the given monetary incentives information. Thus, monetary incentives failed to influence the relationship between motivation, task complexity and performance.

scholarly journals Movement and Performance Explain Widespread Cortical Activity in a Visual Detection Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Salkoff ◽  
Edward Zagha ◽  
Erin McCarthy ◽  
David A McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Dorsal Cortex ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Task

Abstract Recent studies in mice reveal widespread cortical signals during task performance; however, the various task-related and task-independent processes underlying this activity are incompletely understood. Here, we recorded wide-field neural activity, as revealed by GCaMP6s, from dorsal cortex while simultaneously monitoring orofacial movements, walking, and arousal (pupil diameter) of head-fixed mice performing a Go/NoGo visual detection task and examined the ability of task performance and spontaneous or task-related movements to predict cortical activity. A linear model was able to explain a significant fraction (33–55% of variance) of widefield dorsal cortical activity, with the largest factors being movements (facial, walk, eye), response choice (hit, miss, false alarm), and arousal and indicate that a significant fraction of trial-to-trial variability arises from both spontaneous and task-related changes in state (e.g., movements, arousal). Importantly, secondary motor cortex was highly correlated with lick rate, critical for optimal task performance (high d′), and was the first region to significantly predict the lick response on target trials. These findings suggest that secondary motor cortex is critically involved in the decision and performance of learned movements and indicate that a significant fraction of trial-to-trial variation in cortical activity results from spontaneous and task-related movements and variations in behavioral/arousal state.

The effect of dynamic correlated colour temperature changes on alertness and performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ye ◽  
SQ Zheng ◽  
ML Wang ◽  
M Ronnier Luo
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Task

Light can have acute effects on human performance, including task performance, alertness and circadian phase shift. Most studies have investigated these effects using static light. This study investigates the effects of dynamic light with different cycle times and different ranges of correlated colour temperature on human alertness and task performance. Ten participants took part in the experiment using six conditions of dynamic light with each observing session lasting 4.5 hours. An electroencephelogram, measurements of critical flicker frequency, performance on various cognitive tasks and alertness and sleepiness questionnaires were used to evaluate the human responses. The results showed that participants appeared more alert and performed better under lighting of higher correlated colour temperature range but different correlated colour temperature cycle times had little effect.

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