scholarly journals Effects of Mixing Feldspathic Sandstone and Sand on Soil Microbial Biomass and Extracellular Enzyme Activities—A Case Study in Mu Us Sandy Land in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 3963
Author(s):  
Xiuxiu Feng ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Fazhu Zhao ◽  
Hongying Bai ◽  
Russell Doughty
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Feldspathic Sandstone

Microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activity, and their stoichiometry in soil play an important role in ecosystem dynamics and functioning. To better understand the improvement of sand soil quality and the limitation of soil nutrients after adding feldspathic sandstone, we investigated changes in soil microbial activity after 10 months of mixing feldspathic sandstone and sand, and compared the dynamics with soil properties. We used fumigation extraction to determine soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), and microplate fluorometric techniques to measure soil β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-xylosidase (BX), β-D-cellobiohydrolase (CBH), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and Alkaline phosphatase (AKP). We also measured soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and soil water content (SWC). Our results showed that the soil microbial biomass C, N, P, and individual extracellular enzyme activities significantly increased in mixed soil. Similarly, the soil microbial biomass C:N, C:P, N:P, MBC:SOC, and BG:NAG significantly increased by 54.3%, 106.3%, 33.1%, 23.0%, and 65.4%, respectively. However, BG:AKP and NAG:AKP decreased by 19.0% and 50.3%, respectively. Additionally, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that SWC, SOC, porosity and field capacity were significantly associated with soil microbial biomass indices (i.e., C, N, P, C:N, C:P, N:P in microbial biomass, and MBC:SOC) and extracellular enzyme activity metrics (i.e., individual enzyme activity, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and vector characteristics of enzyme activity), while pH, EC, and SIC had no correlation with these indices and metrics. These results indicated that mixing feldspathic sandstone and sand is highly susceptible to changes in soil microbial activity, and the soil N limitation decreased while P became more limited. In summary, our research showed that adding feldspathic sandstone into sand can significantly improve soil quality and provide a theoretical basis for the development of desertified land resources.

SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES RESPONSE TO COPPER AND MOLYBDENUM POLLUTION IN THE VICINITY OF ZANGEZUR COPPER AND MOLYBDENUM COMBINE, ARMENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3 (253)) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
K.A. Ghazaryan ◽  
H.S. Movsesyan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Soil Biological Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial

The aim of this study was to define a relationship between heavy metal (Cu, Mo) pollution of soil and various extracellular enzyme activities. Six enzymatic activities involved in cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur (β-glucosidase, chitinase, leucine-aminopeptidase, acid phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and arylsulphatase) as well as microbial biomass were determined in soil samples collected in the surroundings of Zangezur Copper and Molybdenum Combine. The investigations showed that pollution of soil with copper and molybdenum led to a decrease in microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activity, which in turn had a negative impact on cycles of chemical elements, in particular C, P, N and S. This gives reason to conclude that the changes in soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activity may act as indicators of soil biological activity and quality.

scholarly journals Understory vegetation plays the key role in sustaining soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 4481-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Chuang Zhang ◽  
Huimin Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract. While we know that understory vegetation affects the soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities in subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests, we are less certain about the degree of its influence. We determined the degree to which the soil abiotic and biotic properties, such as PLFAs and extracellular enzyme activities, were controlled by understory vegetation. We established a paired treatment in a subtropical Chinese fir plantation, which comprised one plot from which the understory vegetation and litter were removed (None) and another from which the litter was removed but the understory vegetation was left intact (Understory). We evaluated how the understory vegetation influenced the soil abiotic properties, the bacterial, fungal, and actinobacterial PLFAs, and the activities of five hydrolases and two oxidative enzymes. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon, soil organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N), and total nitrogen contents and soil moisture were 18 %, 25 %, 12 %, 34 %, 8 %, and 4 % lower in the None treatments than in the Understory treatments, respectively (P<0.05). Soil bacterial, fungal, and total PLFAs, and the potential activities of β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, phenol oxidase, and peroxidase, were as much as 24 % lower in None treatments than in Understory treatments (P<0.05). The specific activities of C-acquiring enzymes were as much as 41 % higher (P<0.05), and the ratio of C- to N-acquiring enzymes was also higher in the None treatments than in the Understory treatments. This suggests that in the absence of understory vegetation microbes invested more in C acquisition than N acquisition because the carbon (C) inputs were less labile. The negative relationship between DOC and AP shows that DOC is consumed when P-acquiring enzymes are produced. The positive correlation between NH4+–N and βG suggested the increased availability of N promoted the decomposition of C. More extracellular enzymes that degrade soil organic matter are produced when there is understory vegetation, which leads to losses of soil C. On the other hand, the soil C sink is maintained by increased inputs of C. We can therefore conclude that understory vegetation contributes to C sequestration in Chinese fir forests and suggest that understory should be maintained to sustain soil quality in subtropical Chinese fir plantations.

scholarly journals Dehydrogenase Activity in a Litter Manipulation Experiment in Temperate Forest Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa Veres ◽  
Zsolt Kotroczó ◽  
Kornél Magyaros ◽  
János Attila Tóth ◽  
Béla Tóthmérész
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
Soil Dehydrogenase Activity

Abstract Soil enzyme activities are “sensors” of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition since they integrate information about microbial status and physico-chemical condition of soils. We measured dehydrogenase enzyme activity in a deciduous temperate oak forest in Hungary under litter manipulation treatments. The Síkfőkút Detritus Input and Removal Treatments (DIRT) Project includes treatments with doubling of leaf litter and woody debris inputs as well as removal of leaf litter and trenching to prevent root inputs. We hypothesized that increased detrital inputs increase labile carbon substrates to soils and would increase enzyme activities particularly that of dehydrogenase, which has been used as an indicator of soil microbial activity. We also hypothesized that enzyme activities would decrease with detritus removal plots and decrease labile carbon inputs to soil. After ten years of treatments, litter removal had a stronger effect on soil dehydrogenase activity than did litter additions. These results showed that in this forest ecosystem the changed litter production affected soil microbial activity: reduced litter production decreased the soil dehydrogenase activity; increased litter production had no significant effect on the enzyme activity.

EFFECTS OF GREEN MANURE CONTINUOUS APPLICATION ON SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiefeng Ye ◽  
Hongen Liu ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Yingyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Continuous Application

scholarly journals Ant nests as a microbial hot spots in a long-term heavy metal-contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Klimek ◽  
Hanna Poliwka-Modliborek ◽  
Irena M. Grześ
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Ant Nests

AbstractInteractions between soil fauna and soil microorganisms are not fully recognized, especially in extreme environments, such as long-term metal-polluted soils. The purpose of the study was to assess how the presence of Lasius niger ants affected soil microbial characteristics in a long-term metal-polluted area (Upper Silesia in Poland). Paired soil samples were taken from bulk soil and from ant nests and analysed for a range of soil physicochemical properties, including metal content (zinc, cadmium, and lead). Microbial analysis included soil microbial activity (soil respiration rate), microbial biomass (substrate-induced respiration rate), and bacteria catabolic properties (Biolog® ECO plates). Soil collected from ant nests was drier and was characterized by a lower content of organic matter, carbon and nitrogen contents, and also lower metal content than bulk soil. Soil microbial respiration rate was positively related to soil pH (p = 0.01) and negatively to water-soluble metal content, integrated into TIws index (p = 0.01). Soil microbial biomass was negatively related to TIws index (p = 0.04). Neither soil microbial activity and biomass nor bacteria catabolic activity and diversity indices differed between bulk soil and ant nests. Taken together, ant activity reduced soil contamination by metals in a microscale which support microbial community activity and biomass but did not affect Biolog® culturable bacteria.

scholarly journals Age and Species of Eucalyptus Plantations Affect Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Xu ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Zhao-lei Qu ◽  
Yang Ma ◽  
Hui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Plantation Age

Soil microorganisms and extracellular enzymes play important roles in soil nutrient cycling. Currently, China has the second-largest area of eucalyptus plantations in the world. Information on the effects of eucalyptus age and species of trees on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities, however, is limited. In this paper, the soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were studied in eucalyptus plantations with different ages (1 and 5+ years) and species of trees (E. urophylla×E. grandis, E. camaldulens and E. pellita) in South China. The results showed that both plantation age and eucalyptus species could affect the total microbial biomass and fungal biomass, whereas the bacterial biomass was affected only by plantation age. The fungal biomass and the fungi-to-bacteria ratio significantly increased along with increasing plantation age. Similarly, the plantation age and eucalyptus species significantly affected the enzyme activities associated with carbon cycling (β-xylosidase, β-d-glucuronidase, β-cellobiosidase and β-glucosidase). The activities of β-d-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase were significantly higher in the E. camaldulens plantation. The enzymes involved in nitrogen (N-acetyl-glucosamidase) and sulfur (sulfatase) cycling were only affected by the eucalyptus plantation age and species, respectively. The results highlight the importance of the age and species of eucalyptus plantations on soil microbial activities.

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