scholarly journals A G-Code Generator for Volumetric Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3868
Author(s):  
Shyh-Kuang Ueng ◽  
Hsuan-Kai Huang ◽  
Hsin-Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Code Generator ◽  
Volumetric Models ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Build Time ◽  
G Code ◽  
Input Model ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Printing Direction

In layered manufacturing (LM), slicers are employed to convert input geometric models into G-codes. Conventional slicers accept only surface models as input data. Thus, volumetric models have to be converted into polygonal representations to fit the data format of the slicers. This results in extra computational costs and geometric errors. In this article, we present an efficient slicer aiming to generate G-codes for volumetric models. At first, our slicer computes the printing direction by exploring the inertia tensor of the input model to enhance the stability of the printed part and to decrease the build time. Then, it detects and classifies overhangs in the input model and generates necessary support structures by using a pattern-based method. Thirdly, the proposed slicer divides the input model into the skin and internal regions and cuts the model into 2D images. Subsequently, these images are transformed into toolpaths by utilizing texture mapping and graph traversal methods. Finally, the resultant toolpaths are smoothed to reduce staircases and encoded into G-codes. Test results verify that the proposed slicer produces decent G-codes for volumetric models. Scanned objects hidden in volume data can be directly manufactured without generating intermediate polygonal representations. LM processes become more efficient.

scholarly journals CONSISTENT MULTI-VIEW TEXTURING OF DETAILED 3D SURFACE MODELS

2015 ◽  
Vol II-3/W4 ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Davydova ◽  
G. Kuschk ◽  
L. Hoegner ◽  
P. Reinartz ◽  
U. Stilla
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Multiple Camera ◽  
3D Surface ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
3D Scene ◽  
High Degree

Texture mapping techniques are used to achieve a high degree of realism for computer generated large-scale and detailed 3D surface models by extracting the texture information from photographic images and applying it to the object surfaces. Due to the fact that a single image cannot capture all parts of the scene, a number of images should be taken. However, texturing the object surfaces from several images can lead to lighting variations between the neighboring texture fragments. In this paper we describe the creation of a textured 3D scene from overlapping aerial images using a Markov Random Field energy minimization framework. We aim to maximize the quality of the generated texture mosaic, preserving the resolution from the original images, and at the same time to minimize the seam visibilities between adjacent fragments. As input data we use a triangulated mesh of the city center of Munich and multiple camera views of the scene from different directions.

scholarly journals Effects of pH and Electrolytes on Castor Oil Emulsions with Various Stabilisers Using Khaya senegalensis Gum as an Emulsifier

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Deryl Nii Okantey Kuevi ◽  
Noble Kuntworbe ◽  
Enoch Ayertey
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Emulsifying Property ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
The Stability

Dispersed systems such as emulsions are easily destabilised during processing and storage since they are thermodynamically unstable systems. It is for this reason emulsifiers/stabilisers are frequently employed in pharmaceutical emulsion formulations to increase their short- and long-term kinetic stability. This current study seeks to investigate the potential emulsifying property of gums obtained from Khaya senegalensis (family: Meliaceae) trees. Gums were collected, authenticated, oven-dried, milled, filtered, and purified using 96% ethanol. The microbial quality of the gum was assessed following the BP (2013) specifications. The purified gum was free from some selected pathogenic microorganisms, rendering the gum safe for consumption. The emulsifying property was investigated by formulating emulsions using castor oil and employing the dry gum method. The ratios of oil-to-water-to-gum for the formulation of a stable emulsion were determined. The stability of the emulsion was evaluated, and an effort was made to improve the stability by incorporating Tween 80, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and xanthan gum. From the results, it can be inferred that Tween 80 (0.5%) was able to stabilise the emulsion. Addition of xanthan gum worsened the creaming. The effects of pH (4.0, 5.5, 7.2, 9.0, and 11.0) and electrolytes (0.1 M of NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2) on the physical stability of oil-in-water emulsions were studied during 12 weeks of storage. Percentage creaming volume and whether there was phase inversion were the criteria used as the evaluation parameter. From the percentage creaming volume data, emulsions formulated with both gums showed the lowest creaming volumes at pH of 7.2, followed by the acidic regions (pH 4.0, 5.5), with the basic regions (pH 9.0, 11.0) recording the highest creaming volumes. The effects of the various electrolytes at a constant concentration of 0.1 M on the o/w emulsions were found in this order NaCl < KCl < CaCl2. This study proves that Khaya senegalensis gum can successfully be employed as an emulsifying agent in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals G-Code Generator from Bone DICOM CT with Cloud

2020 ◽  
Vol 1477 ◽  
pp. 062017
Author(s):  
I L I Purnama ◽  
A E Tontowi ◽  
Herianto
Keyword(s):  
Code Generator ◽  
G Code

Modeling and volume rendering approach of underwater three-dimensional acoustic energy field

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650019
Author(s):  
Yanyang Zeng ◽  
Panpan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Volume Rendering ◽  
Underwater Acoustics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Energy Field

The underwater acoustics is primary and most effective method for underwater object detection and the complex underwater acoustics battlefield environment can be visually described by the three-dimensional (3D) energy field. Through solving the 3D propagation models, the traditional underwater acoustics volume data can be obtained, but it is large amount of calculation. In this paper, a novel modeling approach, which transforms two-dimensional (2D) wave equation into 2D space and optimizes energy loss propagation model, is proposed. In this way, the information for the obtained volume data will not be lost too much. At the same time, it can meet the requirements of data processing for the real-time visualization. In the process of volume rendering, 3D texture mapping methods is used. The experimental results are evaluated on data size and frame rate, showing that our approach outperforms other approaches and the approach can achieve better results in real time and visual effects.

scholarly journals Efficiently Rendering Large Volume Data Using Texture Mapping Hardware

1999 ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Wenping Wang ◽  
Waiwan Tsang ◽  
Zesheng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Volume Data

scholarly journals HYPSOMETRY AND VOLUMETRY OF Eucalyptus urograndis IN A CROP-FOREST INTEGRATION SYSTEM

FLORESTA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Stephany Diolino Cunha ◽  
Vagner Santiago Do Vale ◽  
Tatiana Vieira Ramos ◽  
Matheus Da Silva Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Total System ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Volumetric Models ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Full Height ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

Due to the positive impact that the eucalyptus species has on the Brazilian economy, it is currently the most used forest essence. The objective of this work was to evaluate different hypsometric and volumetric models for Eucalyptus urograndis clones (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blak and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden) in a Crop-Forest Integration (CFI) system. The trees were evaluated at 7 years of age and arranged in double rows, occupying 20.76% of the total system area. The individuals were subjected to rigorous volumetric cubing according to the Smalian method at intervals of one meter up to full height. The following models were evaluated for the collected height data: Linear, Trorey, Stofels, Curtis, Henriksen, Prodan, Chapman & Richards, Petterson and Bailey & Clutter. Furthermore, the Spurr, Hohenald-Krenn, Stoate, Schumacher Hall, Meyer, Husch, Ogaya and Takata models were used for volume data. The results were determined through the coefficient of determination (R2), standard error of the estimate in percentage (Syx%), significance of the regression coefficients (𝛽) and graphical distribution. The hypsometric model which best fit the database among tested models was the Prodan equation, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.89, while the best result for volumetric models was found using the Meyer model, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.99. All evaluated models were efficient in estimating the height and volume of the Crop-Forest Integration (CFI) system, thus demonstrating that GG100 eucalyptus is a good option in integrated systems.

Segmentation of 2-D and 3-D objects from MRI volume data using constrained elastic deformations of flexible Fourier contour and surface models

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Székely ◽  
András Kelemen ◽  
Christian Brechbühler ◽  
Guido Gerig
Keyword(s):  
Volume Data ◽  
Elastic Deformations ◽  
Surface Models

scholarly journals Can quasicrystals survive in planetary collisions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Stagno ◽  
Luca Bindi ◽  
Sota Takagi ◽  
Atsushi Kyono
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Pressure Derivative ◽  
Pressure Medium ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
State Models ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Murnaghan Equation

AbstractWe investigated the compressional behavior of i-AlCuFe quasicrystal using diamond anvil cell under quasi-hydrostatic conditions by in situ angle-dispersive X-ray powder diffraction measurements (in both compression and decompression) up to 76 GPa at ambient temperature using neon as pressure medium. These data were compared with those collected up to 104 GPa using KCl as pressure medium available in literature. In general, both sets of data indicate that individual d-spacing shows a continuous decrease with pressure with no drastic changes associated to structural phase transformations or amorphization. The d/d0, where d0 is the d-spacing at ambient pressure, showed a general isotropic compression behavior. The zero-pressure bulk modulus and its pressure derivative were calculated fitting the volume data to both the Murnaghan- and Birch-Murnaghan equation of state models. Results from this study extend our knowledge on the stability of icosahedrite at very high pressure and reinforce the evidence that natural quasicrystals formed during a shock event in asteroidal collisions and survived for eons in the history of the Solar System.

scholarly journals A NEW PROTOCOL FOR TEXTURE MAPPING PROCESS AND 2D REPRESENTATION OF RUPESTRIAN ARCHITECTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
L. Carnevali ◽  
M. Carpiceci ◽  
A. Angelini
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Texture Mapping ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Main Difficulty ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Traditional Representation

The development of the survey techniques for architecture and archaeology requires a general review in the methods used for the representation of numerical data. The possibilities offered by data processing allow to find new paths for studying issues connected to the drawing discipline. The research project aimed at experimenting different approaches for the representation of the rupestrian architecture and the texture mapping process. The nature of the rupestrian architecture does not allow a traditional representation of sections and projections of edges and outlines. The paper presents a method, the Equidistant Multiple Sections (EMS), inspired by cartography and based on the use of isohipses generated from different geometric plane. A specific paragraph is dedicated to the texture mapping process for unstructured surface models. One of the main difficulty in the image projection consists in the recognition of homologous points between image and point cloud, above all in the areas with most deformations. With the aid of the “virtual scan” tool a different procedure was developed for improving the correspondences of the image. The result show a sensible improvement of the entire process above all for the architectural vaults. A detailed study concerned the unfolding of the straight line surfaces; the barrel vault of the analyzed chapel has been unfolded for observing the paintings in the real shapes out of the morphological context.

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