scholarly journals SLA-Based Sharing Economy Service with Smart Contract for Resource Integrity in the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 3602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Hang ◽  
Do-Hyeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Trading Partners

Recently, technology startups have leveraged the potential of blockchain-based technologies to govern institutions or interpersonal trust by enforcing signed treaties among different individuals in a decentralized environment. However, it is going to be hard enough convincing that the blockchain technology could completely replace the trust among trading partners in the sharing economy as sharing services always operate in a highly dynamic environment. With the rapid expanding of the rental market, the sharing economy faces more and more severe challenges in the form of regulatory uncertainty and concerns about abuses. This paper proposes an enhanced decentralized sharing economy service using the service level agreement (SLA), which documents the services the provider will furnish and defines the service standards the provider is obligated to meet. The SLA specifications are defined as the smart contract, which facilitates multi-user collaboration and automates the process with no involvement of the third party. To demonstrate the usability of the proposed solution in the sharing economy, a notebook sharing case study is implemented using the Hyperledger Fabric. The functionalities of the smart contract are tested using the Hyperledger Composer. Moreover, the efficiency of the designed approach is demonstrated through a series of experimental tests using different performance metrics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Blockchain-Enabled Resource Management Mechanism for NGNs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michael Xevgenis ◽  
Dimitrios G. Kogias ◽  
Ioannis Christidis ◽  
Charalampos Patrikakis ◽  
Helen C. Leligou
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Support Resource

A new era in ICT has begun with the evolution of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and the development of human-centric applications. Ultra-low latency, high throughput, and high availability are a few of the main characteristics of modern networks. Network Providers (NPs) are responsible for the development and maintenance of network infrastructures ready to support the most demanding applications that should be available not only in urban areas but in every corner of the earth. The NP’s must collaborate to offer high- quality services and keep their overall cost low. The collaboration among competitive entities can in principle be regulated by a trusted 3rd party or by a distributed approach/technology which can guarantee integrity, security, and trust. This paper examines the use of blockchain technology for resource management and negotiation among NPs and presents the results of experiments conducted in a dedicated real testbed. The implementation of the resource management mechanism is described in a Smart Contract (SC) and the testbeds use the Raft and the IBFT consensus mechanisms respectively. The goal of this paper is two-fold: to assess its performance in terms of transaction throughput and latency so that we can assess the granularity at which this solution can operate (e.g. support resource re-allocation among NPs on micro-service level or not) and define implementation-specific parameters like the consensus mechanism that is the most suitable for this use case based on performance metrics.

The Potential Of Blockchain Technology To Change International Mobile Roaming Business Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Ardian Thresnantia Atmaja
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Business Value ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Clearing House ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Target Architecture ◽  
Architecture Development

The key objectives of this paper is to propose a design implementation of blockchain based on smart contract which have potential to change international mobile roaming business model by eliminating third-party data clearing house (DCH). The analysis method used comparative analysis between current situation and target architecture of international mobile roaming business that commonly used by TOGAF Architecture Development Method. The purposed design of implementation has validated the business value by using Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculation. This paper applies the TOGAF approach in order to address architecture gap to evaluate by the enhancement capability that required from these three fundamental aspect which are Business, Technology and Information. With the blockchain smart contract solution able to eliminate the intermediaries Data Clearing House system, which impacted to the business model of international mobile roaming with no more intermediaries fee for call data record (CDR) processing and open up for online billing and settlement among parties. In conclusion the business value of blockchain implementation in the international mobile roaming has been measured using TCO comparison between current situation and target architecture that impacted cost reduction of operational platform is 19%. With this information and understanding the blockchain technology has significant benefit in the international mobile roaming business.

scholarly journals Research on Blockchain-Based E-Bidding System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4011
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Jindong Zhao ◽  
Chunxiao Mu
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Graph Isomorphism ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Business Logic ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
The Core ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Bidding Process

In the field of modern bidding, electronic bidding leads a new trend of development, convenience and efficiency and other significant advantages effectively promote the reform and innovation of China’s bidding field. Nowadays, most systems require a strong and trusted third party to guarantee the integrity and security of the system. However, with the development of blockchain technology and the rise of privacy protection, researchers has begun to emphasize the core concept of decentralization. This paper introduces a decentralized electronic bidding system based on blockchain and smart contract. The system uses blockchain to replace the traditional database and uses chaincode to process business logic. In data interaction, encryption techniques such as zero-knowledge proof based on graph isomorphism are used to improve privacy protection, which improves the anonymity of participants, the privacy of data transmission, and the traceability and verifiable of data. Compared with other electronic bidding systems, this system is more secure and efficient, and has the nature of anonymous operation, which fully protects the privacy information in the bidding process.

scholarly journals Discussion on Payment Application in Cross-border E-Commerce Platform from the Perspective of Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Qian Liao ◽  
Mimi Shao
Keyword(s):  
Information Leakage ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
Asymmetric Encryption ◽  
Further Development

Features like the distributed ledger, consensus mechanism, asymmetric encryption technology, smart contract and Token of blockchain can lower transaction cost, enhance trust between customers and merchants, as well as eliminate false payment and consumer information leakage, problems which are common in current payment of cross-border E-Commerce platform. Based on the analysis of existing scholars, this paper studied two payment models: digital cash payment based on blockchain technology and the application of blockchain in third-party payment platform. Then the paper discussed the mechanism of blockchain in cross-border e-commerce payment platform, and creatively proposed a blockchain cross-border e-commerce payment platform, serving as reference and guidance for further development of blockchain technology in cross-border payment.1

Management of Service Level Agreement for Service-Oriented Content Adaptation Platform

2012 ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Farhan Md Fudzee ◽  
Jemal H. Abawajy
Keyword(s):  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Content Adaptation ◽  
Device Mismatch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Ubiquitous Access ◽  
Adaptation Scheme ◽  
Demand Service

It is paramount to provide seamless and ubiquitous access to rich contents available online to interested users via a wide range of devices with varied characteristics. Recently, a service-oriented content adaptation scheme has emerged to address this content-device mismatch problem. In this scheme, content adaptation functions are provided as services by third-party providers. Clients pay for the consumed services and thus demand service quality. As such, negotiating for the QoS offers, assuring negotiated QoS levels and accuracy of adapted content version are essential. Any non-compliance should be handled and reported in real time. These issues elevate the management of service level agreement (SLA) as an important problem. This chapter presents prior work, important challenges, and a framework for managing SLA for service-oriented content adaptation platform.

scholarly journals Blockchain Technology and It’s Applications in E-Governance Services

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5795-5802
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Data Structure ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

Blockchain Technology is one of the most popular technologies of present days. This technology has the capability to eliminate the requirement of third party to validate the transactions over the Peer-to-Peer network. Due to various features of Blockchain like smart contract, consensus mechanism, network transactions are completed securely, efficiently and timely. This technology is very useful in many areas including medical, IoT, e-Governance services, smart cities, taxation, supply chain, banking etc. In this paper, we discuss the Blockchain Technology in detail, its data structure, open source platform like Ethereum and Hyperledger, technical aspects of this technology, possible applications of this technology, challenges and limitations in adaptation of this technology.

scholarly journals Distributed E-Voting and E-Bidding Systems Based on Smart Contract

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylin Tso ◽  
Zi-Yuan Liu ◽  
Jen-Ho Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Guarantee System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques ◽  
Opening Phase

Traditional voting and bidding systems largely rely on paperwork and human resources throughout the voting process, which can incur high costs in terms of both time and money. Electronic voting and electronic bidding systems can be used to reduce costs, and many new systems have been introduced. However, most systems require a powerful and trusted third party to guarantee system integrity and security. With developments in blockchain technology, research has begun to highlight the core concept of decentralization. In this study, we introduce the first decentralized electronic voting and bidding systems based on a blockchain and smart contract. We also use cryptographic techniques such as oblivious transfer and homomorphic encryptions to improve privacy protection. Our proposed systems allow voters and bidders to participate in the opening phase and improve participant anonymity, the privacy of data transmission, and data reliability and verifiability. Moreover, compared with other electronic voting and bidding systems, our systems are safer and more efficient.

Establishing Performance Metrics for Managing the Outsourced MIS Project

2011 ◽  
pp. 94-124
Author(s):  
Jeanette Nasem Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Service Level Agreement ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Service Level Agreements ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Measures Of Performance

This chapter presents the tactics and metrics an organization applies after having made a decision to use outsource providers. Tactics are used to define the nature and specifics of the outsourcing arrangement, as well as to select the contractual basis of the agreement. Organizations that elect to use providers geographically distant from the client site are cautioned to carefully evaluate capabilities, as well as legal and security issues related to external outsourcers. For these purposes, it is critical to align measures of performance compliance in the form of metrics on each MIS outsourcing relationship. When negotiating and establishing the terms of the outsourcing arrangement, management should ensure that appropriate performance metrics are identified and included, as well as flexibility for change is built in to the contract. This chapter addresses some of the methods, as well as some of the metrics that might be used in such contract agreements. The use of contracts and service level agreements are discussed, as well as in depth techniques for conducting validation and background checks on outsource suppliers. Sample outlines for service level agreement preparation and performance specifications are included for the practitioner.

Blockchain Based Bidding System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Mr. C. K Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Plain Text ◽  
The Public ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Cipher Text ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Sealed Bid ◽  
Final Output

The E-auction, one of the most common e-commerce events, allows bidders to bid directly on the Internet. As with the sealed deal, additional transaction costs are needed with intermediaries, as the third party plays an essential role between buyers and sellers in helping to negotiate both during the auction. In fact, it never confirms that a third party is trustworthy. To solve the problems, we propose the low transaction cost blockchain technology which is used to build the public bid and sealed bid smart contract. The smart contract consists of the Auctioneer address, the start time for the auction, the deadline, the current winner's address, and the current highest price. The project demonstrates the bidding framework with blockchain technology. This bidding application prepared by using Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) Algorithm. This algorithm contains AES cipher specifiers the number of repetitions of transformation rounds, that converts the input called the plain text, then into the final output called cipher text.

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