scholarly journals Optimal Charging of Plug-In Electric Vehicle: Considering Travel Behavior Uncertainties and Battery Degradation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayarani ◽  
Jahangir ◽  
Nadafianshahamabadi ◽  
Golkar ◽  
Ahmadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Sample Distribution ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Battery Degradation ◽  
Charging Mode

The negative environmental impacts of using fossil fuel-powered vehicles underlined the need for inventing an alternative eco-friendly transportation fleet. Plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) are introduced to cut the continuing increase in energy use and carbon emission of the urban mobility. However, the increased demand for mobility, and therefore energy, can create constraints on the power network which can reduce the benefits of electrification as a certain and reliable source. Thus, the rise in the use of electric vehicles needs electric grids to be able to feed the increased energy demand while the current infrastructure supports it. In this paper, we introduce a methodological framework for scheduling smart PEVs charging by considering the uncertainties and battery degradation. This framework includes an economic model for charging and discharging of PEVs which has been implemented in a 21-node sample distribution network with a wind turbine as a distributed generation (DG) unit. Our proposed approach indicates that the optimal charging of the PEVs has a high impact on the distribution network operation, particularly under the high market penetration of PEVs. Thus, the smart grid to vehicle (G2V) charging mode is a potential solution to maximize the PEV’s owner profit, while considering the battery degradation cost of the PEVs. The simulation result indicates that smart charging effectuation is economical.

scholarly journals Indicator-Based Methodology for Assessing EV Charging Infrastructure Using Exploratory Data Analysis

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lucas ◽  
Giuseppe Prettico ◽  
Marco Flammini ◽  
Evangelos Kotsakis ◽  
Gianluca Fulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Impact Indicator ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ev Charging

Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure rollout is well under way in several power systems, namely North America, Japan, Europe, and China. In order to support EV charging infrastructures design and operation, little attempt has been made to develop indicator-based methods characterising such networks across different regions. This study defines an assessment methodology, composed by eight indicators, allowing a comparison among EV public charging infrastructures. The proposed indicators capture the following: energy demand from EVs, energy use intensity, charger’s intensity distribution, the use time ratios, energy use ratios, the nearest neighbour distance between chargers and availability, the total service ratio, and the carbon intensity as an environmental impact indicator. We apply the methodology to a dataset from ElaadNL, a reference smart charging provider in The Netherlands, using open source geographic information system (GIS) and R software. The dataset reveals higher energy intensity in six urban areas and that 50% of energy supplied comes from 19.6% of chargers. Correlations of spatial density are strong and nearest neighbouring distances range from 1101 to 9462 m. Use time and energy use ratios are 11.21% and 3.56%. The average carbon intensity is 4.44 gCO2eq/MJ. Finally, the indicators are used to assess the impact of relevant public policies on the EV charging infrastructure use and roll-out.

scholarly journals Overheating Risk and Energy Demand of Nordic Old and New Apartment Buildings during Average and Extreme Weather Conditions under a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3972
Author(s):  
Azin Velashjerdi Farahani ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Natalia Korhonen ◽  
Kirsti Jylhä ◽  
Kimmo Ruosteenoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
Indoor Conditions

The global average air temperature is increasing as a manifestation of climate change and more intense and frequent heatwaves are expected to be associated with this rise worldwide, including northern Europe. Summertime indoor conditions in residential buildings and the health of occupants are influenced by climate change, particularly if no mechanical cooling is used. The energy use of buildings contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. It is, therefore, necessary to analyze the effects of climate change on the overheating risk and energy demand of residential buildings and to assess the efficiency of various measures to alleviate the overheating. In this study, simulations of dynamic energy and indoor conditions in a new and an old apartment building are performed using two climate scenarios for southern Finland, one for average and the other for extreme weather conditions in 2050. The evaluated measures against overheating included orientations, blinds, site shading, window properties, openable windows, the split cooling unit, and the ventilation cooling and ventilation boost. In both buildings, the overheating risk is high in the current and projected future average climate and, in particular, during exceptionally hot summers. The indoor conditions are occasionally even injurious for the health of occupants. The openable windows and ventilation cooling with ventilation boost were effective in improving the indoor conditions, during both current and future average and extreme weather conditions. However, the split cooling unit installed in the living room was the only studied solution able to completely prevent overheating in all the spaces with a fairly small amount of extra energy usage.

scholarly journals Solar photovoltaic-based microgrid hosting capacity evaluation in electrical energy distribution network with voltage quality analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Mohan Kolhe ◽  
Alkistis Kontou ◽  
Dimitrios Lagos ◽  
Panos Kotsampopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Hardware In Loop ◽  
Pv Penetration

Abstract In this paper, solar photovoltaic hosting capacity within the electrical distribution network is estimated for different buses, and the impacts of high PV penetration are evaluated using power hardware-in-loop testing methods. It is observed that the considered operational constraints (i.e. voltage and loadings) and their operational limits have a significant impact on the hosting capacity results. However, with increasing photovoltaic penetration, some of the network buses reach maximum hosting capacity, which affects the network operation (e.g. bus voltages, line loading). The results show that even distributing the maximum hosting capacity among different buses can increase the bus voltage rise to 9%. To maintain the network bus voltages within acceptable limits, reactive power voltage-based droop control is implemented in the photovoltaic conditioning devices to test the dynamics of the network operation. The results show that implementation of the droop control technique can reduce the maximum voltage rise from 9% to 4% in the considered case. This paper also presents the impact of forming a mesh type network (i.e. from radial network) on the voltage profile during PV penetration, and a comparative analysis of the operational performance of a mesh type and radial type electrical network is performed. It is observed that the cumulative effect of forming a mesh type network along with a droop control strategy can further improve the voltage profile and contribute to increase photovoltaic penetration. The results are verified using an experimental setup of digital real-time simulator and power hardware-in-loop test methods. The results from this work will be useful for estimating the appropriate photovoltaic hosting capacity within a distribution network and implementation of a droop control strategy in power conditioning devices to maintain the network operational parameters within the specified limits. Highlights Voltage and line loading constraints’ combination can reduce PV hosting capacity by 50% as compared to only voltage as a constraint. Implementation of reactive power versus voltage droop control in PV power conditioning device can reduce voltage variation from 9% to 4%. In a PV integrated electrical energy network, line loading can be reduced by 20% if the network is configured from radial to mesh type.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Impact of Large-Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles for a Swedish Distribution Network

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Johansson ◽  
Jonas Persson ◽  
Stavros Lazarou ◽  
Andreas Theocharis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
The Impact

Social considerations for a sustainable future lead to market demands for electromobility. Hence, electrical power distribution operators are concerned about the real ongoing problem of the electrification of the transport sector. In this regard, the paper aims to investigate the large-scale integration of electric vehicles in a Swedish distribution network. To this end, the integration pattern is taken into consideration as appears in the literature for other countries and applies to the Swedish culture. Moreover, different charging power levels including smart charging techniques are examined for several percentages of electric vehicles penetration. Industrial simulation tools proven for their accuracy are used for the study. The results indicate that the grid can manage about 50% electric vehicles penetration at its current capacity. This percentage decreases when higher charging power levels apply, while the transformers appear overloaded in many cases. The investigation of alternatives to increase the grid’s capabilities reveal that smart techniques are comparable to the conventional re-dimension of the grid. At present, the increased integration of electric vehicles is manageable by implementing a combination of smart gird and upgrade investments in comparison to technically expensive alternatives based on grid digitalization and algorithms that need to be further confirmed for their reliability for power sharing and energy management.

Governance structures of the electricity distribution network operation activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tanskanen ◽  
Ari Jantunen ◽  
Juha‐Matti Saksa ◽  
Jarmo Partanen ◽  
Jukka Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Network ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Electricity Distribution Network
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document