scholarly journals A Subjective Study on User Perception Aspects in Virtual Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huyen T. T. Tran ◽  
Nam P. Ngoc ◽  
Cuong T. Pham ◽  
Yong Ju Jung ◽  
Truong Cong Thang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subjective Experiment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Subjective Study

Three hundred and sixty degree video is becoming more and more popular on the Internet. By using a Head-Mounted Display, 360-degree video can render a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. However, it is still a big challenge to understand Quality of Experience (QoE) of 360-degree video since user experience during watching 360-degree video is a very complex phenomenon. In this paper, we aim to investigate four QoE aspects of 360-degree video, namely, perceptual quality, presence, cybersickness, and acceptability. In addition, four key QoE-affecting factors of encoding parameters, content motion, rendering device, and rendering mode are considered in our study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that covers a large number of factors and QoE aspects of 360-degree video. In this study, a subjective experiment is conducted using 60 video versions generated from three original 360-degree videos. Based on statistical analysis of the obtained results, various findings on the impacts of the factors on the QoE aspects are provided. In particular, regarding the impacts of encoding parameters, it is found that the difference of QoE is negligible between video versions encoded at 4 K and 2.5 K resolutions. Also, it is suggested that 360-degree video should not be encoded at HD resolution or lower when watching in VR mode using Head Mounted Display. In addition, the bitrate for good QoE varies widely across different video contents. With respect to the content motion factor, its impact is statistically significant on the perceptual quality, presence, and cybersickness. In a comparison of two rendering device sets used in this study, there is no statistically significant difference found for the acceptability and cybersickness. However, the differences of the perceptual quality and presence are indicated to be statistically significant. Regarding the rendering mode, a comparison between VR and non-VR modes is also conducted. Although the non-VR mode always achieves higher perceptual quality scores and higher acceptability rates, more than a half of the viewers prefer the VR mode to the non-VR mode when watching versions encoded at the resolutions of fHD or higher. By contrast, the non-VR mode is preferred at the HD resolution.

Cents versus scale steps: Can we tell the difference between major and minor thirds?

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562098727
Author(s):  
Pedro Neto ◽  
Patricia M Vanzella
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Chromatic Scale ◽  
Major Scale ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Scale Step ◽  
Frequency Ratios ◽  
Tonal Context

We report an experiment in which participants ( N = 368) were asked to differentiate between major and minor thirds. These intervals could either be formed by diatonic tones from the C major scale (tonal condition) or by a subset of tones from the chromatic scale (atonal condition). We hypothesized that in the tonal condition intervals would be perceived as a function of scale step distances, which we defined as the number of diatonic leaps between two notes of a given music scale. In the atonal condition, we hypothesized that intervals would be perceived as a function of cents. If our hypotheses were supported, we should verify a less accurate performance in the tonal condition, where scale step distances are the same between major and minor thirds. The data corroborated our hypotheses, and we suggest that acoustic measurements of intervallic distances (i.e., frequency ratios and cents) are not optimal when it comes to describing the perceptual quality of intervals in a tonal context. Finally, our research points to the possibility that, in comparison with previous models, scale steps and cents might better capture the notion of global versus local instances of auditory processing.

The Perceptual Quality of the Oculus Rift for Immersive Virtual Reality

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Chessa ◽  
Guido Maiello ◽  
Alessia Borsari ◽  
Peter J. Bex
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Oculus Rift

Students’ satisfaction with hostel accommodations in higher education institutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke ◽  
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa ◽  
Marcia M. Raphiri
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Students Satisfaction

Purpose There are several types of accommodation available to students of higher education institutions, and it is the responsibility of the institutions to focus on factors that can attract and retain students to their residences. This study aims to investigate satisfaction of higher institutions students with on-campus accommodation with an emphasis on the ethnicity of the students. Design/methodology/approach Using convenience sampling method, questionnaires were administered to students of selected residences in the study area. Mean item score was used to rank identified factors, whereas mean gap and Kruskal–Wallis K-test were adopted to examine the difference in opinion of students from various ethnic groups. Findings Overall, major features that make students dissatisfied with university-owned accommodations are enforcement of rule that compels all students to move out with their belongings during each recess, the effectiveness of the lift system, the size of wardrobe and closet, laundry service in the residence, numbers of electrical sockets and window quality. Considering dwelling unit features, neighbourhood, environmental, building quality and services provided by residence management, this study reveals that there is a significant difference in the satisfaction of students of diverse ethnic groups with their accommodation. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to on-campus residences owned by higher education institutions in South Africa. However, the findings of the study can be adopted for off-campus residences, and such owned by private individuals, agencies and other bodies provided are approved by the institutions. Originality/value The findings of this study will help management of higher education institutions to improve quality of services in their residences for the satisfaction of their students. Developers, contractors and other stakeholders involved in construction of these residences will also find the findings useful in designing and construction of the facilities.

scholarly journals Association of Blood and Urine Parameter Value Change With the Amount of Consumed Water Regime and Sample Sampling in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana M Jovicic
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urine Biomarker ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: Understanding the effect of pre-analytical factors is important for data quality of bio-specimens and health status. The study examines the effect of 9-days fluid intake and 2-time sampling on concentration changes of 7-Urine and 17-Blood variables. Material and Method: SPSS software v23.0 applies to data processing. The group of 23 healthy subjects divide based on water intake and gender. Results: A statistically significant difference(p<0.01) between 1st/2nd sampling is confirmed for Freezing point depression, Sodium, Potassium, Creatinine Urea and Urate in Urine and Urea, Urate, Glucose, Hematocrit, Thrombocyte in Blood. The difference between water intake after 1st sampling is confirmed (p<0.01) for Freezing point depression, Sodium, Urate and(p<0.05) for Potassium(p<0.05), Chloride(p<0.05), Creatinine(p<0.05), Urate, Urea in Urine and Potassium(p<0.01) and Chloride(p<0.05) in Blood. Difference between gender exists for Urea(p<0.05) in Urine after 2nd sampling and Urate(P<0.01), Glucose(p<0.01/0.05), Ht(p<0.01/0.05) after 1st and 2nd sampling and MCHC(p<0.01) after 2nd sampling in Blood samples.Conclusion: Water intake increases blood and urine biomarker range after sampling.

scholarly journals Validation of the Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire: Maximum Duration of Immersive Virtual Reality Sessions Without the Presence of Pertinent Adverse Symptomatology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kourtesis ◽  
Simona Collina ◽  
Leonidas A. A. Doumas ◽  
Sarah E. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Game Mechanics ◽  
Maximum Duration

There are major concerns about the suitability of immersive virtual reality (VR) systems (i.e., head-mounted display; HMD) to be implemented in research and clinical settings, because of the presence of nausea, dizziness, disorientation, fatigue, and instability (i.e., VR induced symptoms and effects; VRISE). Research suggests that the duration of a VR session modulates the presence and intensity of VRISE, but there are no suggestions regarding the appropriate maximum duration of VR sessions. The implementation of high-end VR HMDs in conjunction with ergonomic VR software seems to mitigate the presence of VRISE substantially. However, a brief tool does not currently exist to appraise and report both the quality of software features and VRISE intensity quantitatively. The Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire (VRNQ) was developed to assess the quality of VR software in terms of user experience, game mechanics, in-game assistance, and VRISE. Forty participants aged between 28 and 43 years were recruited (18 gamers and 22 non-gamers) for the study. They participated in 3 different VR sessions until they felt weary or discomfort and subsequently filled in the VRNQ. Our results demonstrated that VRNQ is a valid tool for assessing VR software as it has good convergent, discriminant, and construct validity. The maximum duration of VR sessions should be between 55 and 70 min when the VR software meets or exceeds the parsimonious cut-offs of the VRNQ and the users are familiarized with the VR system. Also, the gaming experience does not seem to affect how long VR sessions should last. Also, while the quality of VR software substantially modulates the maximum duration of VR sessions, age and education do not. Finally, deeper immersion, better quality of graphics and sound, and more helpful in-game instructions and prompts were found to reduce VRISE intensity. The VRNQ facilitates the brief assessment and reporting of the quality of VR software features and/or the intensity of VRISE, while its minimum and parsimonious cut-offs may appraise the suitability of VR software for implementation in research and clinical settings. The findings of this study contribute to the establishment of rigorous VR methods that are crucial for the viability of immersive VR as a research and clinical tool in cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS PRODUK DAN MINAT MENABUNG PADA LPD DESA ADAT TAJUN DENGAN DESA ADAT TEGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Eka Swarnadi Luh ◽  
Ketut Budi Susrusa ◽  
Ida Ayu Listia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

LPDs are non-bank financial institutions that are regulated and approved by the Regional Regulations of the Province of Bali. The management of LPD is fully handed over to the relevant Pakraman village. In line with the rapid development of LPDs, it turns out that on the other hand it shows diverse performance, so that LPDs need to pay attention to the level of product quality and customer interest in the products offered.            The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of product quality and interest in saving at the Tajun Traditional Village LPD with the Traditional Village of Tegal. The number of samples from Tajun Adat Village LPD was 98 people and the LPD of Tegal Traditional Village was 84 people. The research data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the quality of the products of the Adat Village of Tajun LPD and the Traditional Village of Tegal. This difference is indicated by indicators of physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness and empathy. The product quality of Tajun Adat Village's LPD is better than the traditional village of Tegal. There is a significant difference between the interest in saving the traditional village of Tajun LPD and the traditional village of Tegal. The difference is in the indicator of confidence. Interest in Saving Tajun Indigenous Village LPD is higher than the Traditional Village of Tegal.

The effect of continuous care model-based intervention on the quality of sleep in menopausal women: A clinical trial study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh AKBARI ◽  
sousan Heydarpour ◽  
Nader Salari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Continuous Care ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract BACKGROUND Sleep disorder, brings in many physical, behavioral, and mental problems. Applying continuous care model leads to proper recognition of the patient’s problems and involves the patient in solving health problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of continuous care model on the quality of sleep in menopausal women. METHODS AND MATERIALS A random clinical trial study was carried out with participation of 110 menopausal women visiting Kermanshah-based clinics (the west of Iran) in 2017. The participants were randomly assigned to intervention (n=55) and control (n=55) groups. The control group received the routine cares and in addition to the routine cares the intervention group attended four weekly group consultation sessions (60-90min). The quality of sleep in the two groups was assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. Data analyses were done using independent t-test, ANOVA with frequent measures, Friedman’s test, Wilcoxon’s post hoc test, and X2 test in SPSS (24). RESULTS The mean scores of quality of sleep before and after the intervention were significantly different in the intervention group (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of quality of sleep before (p=0.140) and immediately after the intervention (p=0.168). However, one month after, the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Implementation of the continuous care model led to an improvement of quality of sleep in the menopausal women.

scholarly journals Wired to Exit: Exploring the Effects of Wayfinding Affordances in Underground Facilities Using Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
pp. 104687812094456
Author(s):  
Panos Kostakos ◽  
Paula Alavesa ◽  
Mikko Korkiakoski ◽  
Mario Monteiro Marques ◽  
Victor Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Level Effect

Background Wayfinding has been adopted in several intense evacuation and navigation simulations; however, the use of biometric measurements for characterizing physiological outcomes has been somewhat overlooked and applied only under limited laboratory conditions. Methods Twenty-four participants took part in a virtual reality (VR) experiment using a wayfinding installation with the Oculus Rift S head-mounted display (HMD). They were immersed in a simulation of a burning underground parking lot and tasked to navigate to the exit. The purpose of this research was to investigate the high-level effect of wayfinding assistive lights on behavioral, physiological, and psychological outcomes. Participants were split into two groups: the control group was exposed to a scene without assistive lights, and the experimental group was exposed to the same scene with assistive lights. Results Results indicate there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in traveled distance, pauses, turns, or game completion time. Curiously, differences between the two groups in heart rate (HR) outcomes were found to be statistically significant, with subjects in the control group displaying an increasing HR trend during simulation. Conclusions This finding, in accordance with previous studies that have shown the efficacy of landmarks and wayfinding affordances in reducing cognitive demands, suggests that assistive lights might contribute to improved brain wiring connectivity during the game. We discuss these findings in the context of a rich wayfinding affordances literature.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Factors Affecting QoE of 360-Degree Videos and Cybersickness Levels Predictions in Virtual Reality

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Anwar ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Sadique Ahmad ◽  
Asad Ullah ◽  
Wahab Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
End User ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Subjective Experiment

360-degree Virtual Reality (VR) videos have already taken up viewers’ attention by storm. Despite the immense attractiveness and hype, VR conveys a loathsome side effect called “cybersickness” that often creates significant discomfort to the viewers. It is of great importance to evaluate the factors that induce cybersickness symptoms and its deterioration on the end user’s Quality-of-Experience (QoE) when visualizing 360-degree videos in VR. This manuscript’s intent is to subjectively investigate factors of high priority that affect a user’s QoE in terms of perceptual quality, presence, and cybersickness. The content type (fast, medium, and slow), the effect of camera motion (fixed, horizontal, and vertical), and the number of moving targets (none, single, and multiple) in a video can be the factors that may affect the QoE. The significant effect of such factors on end-user QoE under various stalling events (none, single, and multiple) is evaluated in a subjective experiment. The results from subjective experiments show a notable impact of these factors on end-user QoE. Finally, to label the viewing safety concern in VR, we propose a neural network-based QoE prediction method that can predict the degree of cybersickness influenced by 360-degree videos under various stalling events in VR. The performance accuracy of the proposed method is then compared against well-known Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and existing QoE prediction models. The proposed method achieved a 90% prediction accuracy rate and performed well against existing models and other ML methods.

scholarly journals Impact of the Allergic Asthma on Foot Health-Related Quality of Life and Depression: A Novel Case-Control Research

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Daniel López-López ◽  
Roi Painceira-Villar ◽  
Vanesa García-Paz ◽  
Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo ◽  
Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Difference

Background: Asthma may be considered as a non-communicable condition associated with higher bronchial responsiveness that may impair quality of life (QoL). Purpose: The research aim was to compare scores of depression, as well as general and foot health-related QoL, in patients who suffered from asthma with respect to healthy subjects. Methods: A total sample of 152 subjects, median age of 37.00 ± 16.00 years, were recruited from a respiratory and allergy department of a hospital and divided into patients with asthma (n = 76) and healthy subjects (n = 76). The scores of the Spanish foot health status questionnaire (SFHSQ) domains as well as the Spanish Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and categories were collected. Results: The only statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was shown for the difference of the FHSQ footwear domain establishing that patients who suffered from asthma presented a worse QoL related to foot health for footwear (lower FHSQ scores) compared to healthy matched-paired participants (higher FHSQ scores). Regarding the rest of the outcome measurements, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for the other FHSQ domains scores as well as the BDI scores and categories. Conclusions: Patients with allergic asthma presented impairment of the QoL related to foot health for footwear, which seemed to be linked to the presence of asthma.

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