scholarly journals Solving Nuisance Cyanobacteria Eutrophication Through Biotechnology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
S. Orfanidis ◽  
N. Stamatis ◽  
A. Parasyri ◽  
M. S. Mente ◽  
S. Zerveas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Free Carbohydrates

Management of nutrient inputs and usage of nuisance biomass as feedstock for bioenergy may be the solution of coastal lagoons eutrophication. We studied the species composition, photosynthetic pigments (Chl-a and Chl-c) and performance (OJIP-kinetics and JIP-test parameters), biochemistry (lipids and carbohydrates composition), and hydrogen production potential of Limnoraphis (Lyngbya) nuisance biomass collected from Lafri lagoon (1.24 km2) in Greece. The results showed that the removal of algal biomass from Lafri lagoon before its sedimentation, characterized by low Fν/Fm (0.42) and PItotal (2.67) values, and transfer of this in a simple, closed bioreactor, has the potential to produce hydrogen (H2), a renewable CO2-neutral energy that can directly be converted into electricity. The free carbohydrates of the lagoon water and that from the algal cells (42g glucose analogs per m3) could be also transferred to alcohols (biofuels), while the rest of the biomass could be used as organic fertilizer. The total lipid content (2.51%) of dry biomass composed primarily by palmitic acid was low. However, the presence of eicosapentaenoic (3.5%), and docosahexaenoic (1.7%), polyunsaturated fatty acids is worth mentioning. By harvesting and conversion of this coastal lagoon nuisance algal biomass to energy or other products, one could improve its water quality and, therefore, biodiversity and fish production; that is a sustainable solution of eutrophication necessary for the ongoing climatic change.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Particulate light absorption and the prediction of phytoplankton biomass and planktonic metabolism in northeastern Spanish aquatic ecosystems

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Duarte ◽  
S Agustí ◽  
J Kalff
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Light Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Alpine Rivers ◽  
Detrital Particles

Examination of particulate light absorption and microplankton metabolism in 36 northeastern Spanish aquatic ecosystems, ranging from alpine rivers to inland saline lakes and the open Mediterranean Sea, revealed the existence of general relationships between particulate light absorption and the biomass of phytoplankton and microplankton metabolism. The particulate absorption spectra reflected a dominance of nonphotosynthetic, likely detrital, particles in rivers and a dominance of phytoplankton in coastal lagoons. There was a strong relationship between the light absorbed by phytoplankton and the chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration of the systems, which indicated an average (±SE) Chl a specific absorption coefficient of 0.0233 ± 0.0020 m2·mg Chl a-1 for these widely diverse systems. Chl a concentration was a weaker predictor of the total particulate light absorption coefficient, pointing to an important role of nonphytoplanktonic particles in light absorption. Gross production was very closely related to the light absorption coefficient of phytoplankton, whereas community respiration was strongly correlated with the total particulate light absorption coefficient, indicating the optical signatures of sestonic particles to be reliable predictors of planktonic biomass and metabolism in aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal patterns of N<sub>2</sub> fixation in coastal waters derived from rate measurements and remote sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1857-1871
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Zilius ◽  
Irma Vybernaite-Lubiene ◽  
Diana Vaiciute ◽  
Donata Overlingė ◽  
Evelina Grinienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
N Budget ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
N Removal

Abstract. Coastal lagoons are important sites for nitrogen (N) removal via sediment burial and denitrification. Blooms of heterocystous cyanobacteria may diminish N retention as dinitrogen (N2) fixation offsets atmospheric losses via denitrification. We measured N2 fixation in the Curonian Lagoon, Europe's largest coastal lagoon, to better understand the factors controlling N2 fixation in the context of seasonal changes in phytoplankton community composition and external N inputs. Temporal patterns in N2 fixation were primarily determined by the abundance of heterocystous cyanobacteria, mainly Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, which became abundant after the decline in riverine nitrate inputs associated with snowmelt. Heterocystous cyanobacteria dominated the summer phytoplankton community resulting in strong correlations between chlorophyll a (Chl a) and N2 fixation. We used regression models relating N2 fixation to Chl a, along with remote-sensing-based estimates of Chl a to derive lagoon-scale estimates of N2 fixation. N2 fixation by pelagic cyanobacteria was found to be a significant component of the lagoon's N budget based on comparisons to previously derived fluxes associated with riverine inputs, sediment–water exchange, and losses via denitrification. To our knowledge, this is the first study to derive ecosystem-scale estimates of N2 fixation by combining remote sensing of Chl a with empirical models relating N2 fixation rates to Chl a.

scholarly journals Response To Light Intensity of Sun And Shade On Two Cool Season Turfgrass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Dong ◽  
Liangbing Xiong ◽  
Qianjiao Zheng ◽  
Xiaoyang Sun ◽  
Zhixin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Normal Light ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background: Obtaining superior performance of SupraNova and Lark C3 turfgrasses under shade conditions is a challenging task. Both durability and performance of turfgrass are significantly affected by shade. In particular, morphological and physiological adaptation to low light is critical for maintaining quality and overall performance in turfgrass plants. Results: The purpose of this study was to study the response of SupraNova and Lark turfgrass morphology and photo-physiological potential to shading. The plants of 'SupraNova' and 'Lark' were collected from the lawn plots of the Horticulture Research Center of Northeast Agricultural University of China for 2 years and treated with gradient shading 35.62% after 2 months of culture, normal light intensity 70.79 % and 93.45% with full sun as the contrast represented by CK for comparison. Lark showed TQ and TCI in shady stage compared with SupraNova. Lark showed strong resistance to MDA, H2O2, O2-, SOD, POD, CAT and AsA, indicating that the antioxidant system of C3 turfgrass at 35.6% shade level. Under 70.79% shade treatment, MDA, H2O2, O2-, SOD, POD, CAT and AsA of the two cultivars decreased the most, and the longer the shading time, the average daily growth of the two turfgrasses increased first and then decreased. Lark outperformed SupraNova throughout the shading treatment, with 70.79% and 93.45%, respectively. Lark showed increased Chl A and Chl (A/B) in response to different shading levels, while SupraNova had the highest concentrations of Chl B and total Chl. Chlorophyll fluorescence qP, ETR, and Fv/Fm decreased significantly when shaded at 93.45%;Conclusion: The results of this study proved that decrease was more significant in SupraNova than Lark, and shading caused more severe changes in leaf morphology and anatomical structure than Lark turfgrass has the highest negative tolerance than SupraNova turfgrass, which is due to the better photosynthetic product transport capacity of Lark plants. In its anatomical structure, and" vascular bundle sheath structure, which enables it to have higher photosynthetic efficiency to adapt to negative stress. SupraNova and Lark first increased and then decreased with the increase of shade degree

Pelagic and benthic algal responses in eastern Canadian Boreal Shield lakes following harvesting and wildfires

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolors Planas ◽  
Mélanie Desrosiers ◽  
S-Raphaëlle Groulx ◽  
Serge Paquet ◽  
Richard Carignan
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Boreal Shield ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Reference Lakes

Pelagic and benthic algal biomass and pelagic algal community structure were measured in Boreal Shield lakes impacted by forest harvesting and wildfires (Haute-Mauricie, Québec). Sixteen reference lakes in which the watershed has been unperturbed for at least 40 years, seven harvested lake watersheds (logged in 1995), and nine lake watersheds burnt in 1995 were sampled for 3 years following harvesting or wildfires. From 1996 to 1998, repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant effects between treatment and sampling years for pelagic chlorophyll a (Chl a) and biomass, but for 1997-1998 benthic Chl a, repeated-measures ANOVA showed only significant treatment effects. Chl a concentrations increased 1.4- to 3-fold in perturbed lakes as compared with reference lakes. Areal pelagic Chl a (milligrams per square metre) was lower than estimated littoral Chl a in perturbed lakes. The pelagic algal community was dominated by mixotrophic nanoflagellates in reference lakes. Watershed perturbation induced differential changes in pelagic algal communities: mixotrophic nanoflagellates increased in harvested lakes and photoautotrophic diatoms in burnt lakes. Considering only perturbed lakes, algal biomass was proportional to the fraction of the catchment area perturbed divided by the surface area of lakes in the catchment.

scholarly journals A macro-tidal freshwater ecosystem recovering from hypereutrophication: the Schelde case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2935-2948 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. S. Cox ◽  
T. Maris ◽  
K. Soetaert ◽  
D. J. Conley ◽  
S. Van Damme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Alternative Stable States ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Algal Growth Inhibition

Abstract. We report a 40 year record of eutrophication and hypoxia on an estuarine ecosystem and its recovery from hypereutrophication. After decades of high inorganic nutrient concentrations and recurring anoxia and hypoxia, we observe a paradoxical increase in chlorophyll-a concentrations with decreasing nutrient inputs. We hypothesise that algal growth was inhibited due to hypereutrophication, either by elevated ammonium concentrations, severe hypoxia or the production of harmful substances in such a reduced environment. We study the dynamics of a simple but realistic mathematical model, incorporating the assumption of algal growth inhibition. It shows a high algal biomass, net oxygen production equilibrium with low ammonia inputs, and a low algal biomass, net oxygen consumption equilibrium with high ammonia inputs. At intermediate ammonia inputs it displays two alternative stable states. Although not intentional, the numerical output of this model corresponds to observations, giving extra support for assumption of algal growth inhibition. Due to potential algal growth inhibition, the recovery of hypereutrophied systems towards a classical eutrophied state, will need reduction of waste loads below certain thresholds and will be accompanied by large fluctuations in oxygen concentrations. We conclude that also flow-through systems, heavily influenced by external forcings which partly mask internal system dynamics, can display multiple stable states.

scholarly journals Temporal Effects of Groundwater on Physical and Biotic Components of a Karst Stream

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Shuhan Guo ◽  
Lu Tan ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Ryan M. Burrows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Lotic Ecosystems ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Downstream Reach ◽  
Insight Into

Although most lotic ecosystems are groundwater dependent, our knowledge on the relatively long-term ecological effects of groundwater discharge on downstream reaches remains limited. We surveyed four connected reaches of a Chinese karst stream network for 72 consecutive months, with one reach, named Hong Shi Zi (HSZ), evidently affected by groundwater. We tested whether, compared with other reaches, HSZ had (1) milder water temperature and flow regimes, and (2) weaker influences of water temperature and flow on benthic algal biomass represented by chlorophyll a (Chl. a) concentrations. We found that the maximum monthly mean water temperature in HSZ was 0.6 °C lower than of the adjacent upstream reach, and the minimum monthly mean water temperature was 1.0 °C higher than of the adjacent downstream reach. HSZ had the smallest coefficient of variation (CV) for water temperature but the largest CV for discharge. Water temperature and discharge displayed a significant 12-month periodicity in all reaches not directly groundwater influenced. Only water temperature displayed such periodicity in HSZ. Water temperature was an important predictor of temporal variation in Chl. a in all reaches, but its influence was weakest in HSZ. Our findings demonstrate that longer survey data can provide insight into groundwater–surface water interactions.

Trophic state evolution in a subtropical reservoir over 34 years in response to different management procedures

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2338-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. F. Cunha ◽  
D. Grull ◽  
M. Damato ◽  
J. R. C. Blum ◽  
J. E. I. Lutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Chl A ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Tietê River ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

Despite their importance for water management, long-term studies on trophic state are relatively scarce in subtropical reservoirs. We analyzed total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in the Billings Reservoir (Brazil) over time: Phase 1 (1977–1992, Tietê River water was pumped to Billings to increase energy generation, 100 m3 s−1); Phase 2 (1992–2007, Tietê water was conveyed to Billings only in special cases for flood avoidance, 8 m3 s−1); and Phase 3 (2007–2010, besides flood control, Billings received Tietê water treated by an in situ flotation system, 13 m3 s−1). We compared our results with data from 12 reservoirs to evaluate current (2005–2009) enrichment conditions. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations decreased (p &lt; 0.05, MANOVA) from Phase 1 to 2 and were stable thereafter. TN/TP ratios increment (1977–2010) indicated shift from N- to P-limitation in the reservoir, affecting the phytoplankton. Nutrient levels in Billings are currently between the expected concentrations in mesotrophic and eutrophic reservoirs (0.03 mg L−1 &lt; TP &lt; 0.42 mg L−1, 0.8 mg L−1 &lt; TN &lt; 7.6 mg L−1) and Chl a concentrations exceeded 34 μg L−1, median for the eutrophic waterbodies from the dataset. Although water quality in Billings has improved, nutrient inputs from Tietê River pumping episodes, diffuse and internal sources are still favoring biomass accrual and compromising water uses.

Analysis of hydrobiological responses to anthropogenic and natural influences in a lagoon system in the Gulf of California

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga ◽  
Gustavo Padilla-Arredondo ◽  
Julio Medina-Galván ◽  
Lía Méndez-Rodríguez ◽  
Renato Mendoza-Salgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Lagoon System ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

AbstractThe hydrological characteristics and the rate of organic matter supply from coastal lagoons help to understand their responses to nutrient input by anthropogenic and natural sources. The aim of this study was to determine the hydrologic and trophic status of the El Rancho-Empalme lagoon system in a semiarid region in the Gulf of California, Mexico. This lagoon system consists of two geomorphological subsystems which are affected by nutrient inputs from shrimp farm effluents and coastal upwelling. Sampling was conducted over the course of one year and included measurements of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, surface water grab samples to analyze nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate, and chlorophyll

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