scholarly journals High Temperature (Up to 950 °C) Sensor Based on Micro Taper In-Line Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Cheng Liao ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Sheng-Peng Wan ◽  
Xing-Dao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Zehnder Interferometer ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Probe Type ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Linear Temperature ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Type Fiber ◽  
Mach Zehnder Interferometer

A high temperature (up to 950 °C) sensor was proposed and demonstrated based on a micro taper in-line fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure. The fiber MZI structure comprises a single mode fiber (SMF) with two micro tapers along its longitudinal direction. An annealing at 1000 °C was applied to the fiber sensor to stabilize the temperature measurement. The experimental results showed that the sensitivity was 0.114 nm/°C and 0.116 nm/°C for the heating and cooling cycles, respectively, and, after two days, the sensor still had a sensitivity of 0.11 nm/°C, showing a good stability of the sensor. A probe-type fiber MZI was designed by cutting the sandwiched SMF, which has good linear temperature responses of 0.113 nm/°C over a large temperature range from 89 to 950 °C. The probe-type fiber MZI temperature sensor was independent to the surrounding refractive index (RI) and immune to strain. The developed sensor has a wide application prospect in the fields of high temperature hot gas flow, as well as oil and gas field development.

High temperature high sensitivity Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on waist-enlarged fiber bitapers

2017 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Qijing Lin ◽  
Weixuan Jing ◽  
Zhuangde Jiang ◽  
Zirong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Zehnder Interferometer ◽  
Mach Zehnder Interferometer

On Synergy Between a High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor and a LNG Vaporization Plant

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Safety Constraints ◽  
High Temperature Gas

The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) chain of processes consumes the equivalent of 10% of initial natural gas flow for liquefaction, transportation and regasification of the natural gas. It is possible with the right process to recover some of this lost investment during the regasification process. The High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) nuclear power plant appears to possess the characteristics needed to accomplish this recovery. This synergy of processes and fluid properties between an LNG regasification plant and an HTGR provides an opportunity to enhance an already efficient nuclear power generation scheme. Boiling LNG (112 K) provides an ideal cold side heat sink for the helium based Brayton cycle of the HTGR. Helium remains in the gas phase at these low temperatures. The resulting large temperature difference (1000 K) between the high temperature and low temperature sides of a thermal cycle means Carnot efficiencies approach 90%. Achievable efficiencies approach 77%, an increase from 48% for current ambient temperature cooled HTGR designs. Thus a LNG/HTGR plant can deliver half again more power for similar capital investments and operating costs. In addition, boiling LNG with helium saves fuel gas costs for the regasification plant. This paper will show that this combination is feasible and economic. Since both processes are designed to run at maximum capacity, duty cycles and plant availability criteria match. For coastal locations, both processes possess similar site selection criteria. Finally, combining the processes will impose no unmanageable safety constraints on either system and in fact could make safe operation easier to attain. This paper will provide general overviews of an HTGR power plant and of the LNG-to-market sequence, concentrating on regasification plants. The paper will then describe a process that combines an HTGR power plant with an LNG regasification facility to the advantage of both. At full load, the economic benefit for a dual installation supporting what would be a 1.1 GWe power plant before improvement would be approximately $423 million per year.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of High Permeability Zones Using Conventional Logging and Production Logging Data: A Case Study of Kela 2 Gas Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Zhang ◽  
Hualin Liu ◽  
Weigang Huang ◽  
Zhaolong Liu ◽  
Baohua Chang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Water Breakthrough ◽  
Stable Production ◽  
Permeability Distribution

High permeability zones in the water-drive gas reservoir tend to act as dominant channels for formation water to invade into gas reservoir from the aquifer. The presence of high permeability zones results in uneven water flow front in reservoir and early water breakthrough in gas well, which seriously affects the gas field development. In this paper, conventional logging and production logging data are used to identify and characterize high permeability zones, so as to guide the optimization of development plan of Kela 2 gas field. A method to determine the lower limit of high permeability zones by using cumulative frequency curve of permeability distribution is proposed, and high permeability zones of 21 wells are identified. These high permeability zones account for 10–15% of the effective reservoir thickness in single wells, and they are mainly distributed in the middle of the Bashijiqike (K1bs) Formation (i.e., K1bs12, K1bs21 and K1bs22). The analysis of production logging data shows that the effective gas producing intervals only account for 29.2% of the total number of test intervals, most of which are related to high permeability zones. Further study shows that the high gas flow from the high permeability zones dominates the wellbore production profile, and the gas in low permeability zones flows vertically to the high permeability zones and horizontally to wellbore through these zones. Through the analysis of production profiles over the years and computer modelling, it is confirmed that water channelling occurred in some gas wells at the depth where the high permeability zones are located, which leads to a significant decline in production of these wells. Based on the study of distribution and behaviour characteristics of the high permeability zones, two suggestions on controlling inhomogeneous water invasion are put forward to realize the sustainable and stable production of the gas field.

Strain-independent high-temperature sensor with a suspended-core fiber based Mach–Zehnder interferometer

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Yongqin Yu ◽  
Chenlin Du ◽  
Shuangchen Ruan ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Zehnder Interferometer ◽  
High Temperature Sensor ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Mach Zehnder Interferometer
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