scholarly journals Numerical–Experimental Correlation of Impact-Induced Damages in CFRP Laminates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sellitto ◽  
Salvatore Saputo ◽  
Francesco Di Caprio ◽  
Aniello Riccio ◽  
Angela Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Experimental Correlation ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Impact Phenomena ◽  
The Impact

Composite laminates are characterized by high mechanical in-plane properties and poor out-of-plane characteristics. This issue becomes even more relevant when dealing with impact phenomena occurring in the transverse direction. In aeronautics, Low Velocity Impacts (LVIs) may occur during the service life of the aircraft. LVI may produce damage inside the laminate, which are not easily detectable and can seriously degrade the mechanical properties of the structure. In this paper, a numerical-experimental investigation is carried out, in order to study the mechanical behavior of rectangular laminated specimens subjected to low velocity impacts. The numerical model that best represents the impact phenomenon has been chosen by numerical–analytical investigations. A user defined material model (VUMAT) has been developed in Abaqus/Explicit environment to simulate the composite intra-laminar damage behavior in solid elements. The analyses results were compared to experimental test data on a laminated specimen, performed according to ASTM D7136 standard, in order to verify the robustness of the adopted numerical model and the influence of modeling parameters on the accuracy of numerical results.

Ballistic performance of quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates under low velocity impact

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110238
Author(s):  
Gyanesh Patnaik ◽  
Anshul Kaushik ◽  
Abhishek Rajput ◽  
Guru Prakash ◽  
R Velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The perforation characteristics of fiber reinforced laminates is crucial for the design of protective civil and military structures. This paper investigates the perforation characteristics (ballistic limit velocity, residual velocity, perforation energy) of cross ply and quasi-isotropic (QI) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates under the impact of a rigid conical steel bullet. The influence of thickness and ply orientation on these characteristics is also studied for a wide range of velocities. The perforation characteristics of these laminates were determined, numerically as well as experimentally. A numerical model is developed by using Hashin damage model to understand the behavior of laminates under high velocity impact. The accuracy of the model is assessed by comparing its prediction with experimental results of cross ply laminates. Then, impact perforation study of different possible configurations made of quasi-isotropic (QI) CFRP laminates, oriented at 0°, 90°, 45° and −45° directions are carried out with the help of validated numerical model. The perforation characteristics predicted with the help of numerical model is in good agreement with the experimental results. Optimal configuration is achieved in terms of energy absorption and damage resistance for better performance under impact loading.

Experimental Investigation of Impacted and Non-Impacted Composite Laminates under Compressive Loading

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 607-610
Author(s):  
Jiang Tao Ruan ◽  
Min Shen ◽  
Jing Wei Tong ◽  
Shi Bin Wang ◽  
Francesco Aymerich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Laminated Plates ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Compressive Deformation ◽  
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the deformation measurements of impacted and non-impacted composite laminates under compressive loading are taken. [03/903]S orientated cross-ply laminated plates with impact delamination and without delamination are tested using an anti-buckling testing device in compression experiment. The delamination is induced by low-velocity impact test at the impact energy level of 3.105J. For both impacted and non-impacted specimens, the compressive deformation is measured by a carrier electronic speckle pattern interferometry (CESPI) optical measurement technique. It is found that the deformation behavior of the two specimens presents a mixed deformation mode. However, the delamination has significant effect on the compressive deformation of composite laminates.

Numerical Investigation of a Stiffened Panel Subjected to Low Velocity Impacts

2015 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniello Riccio ◽  
S. Saputo ◽  
A. Sellitto ◽  
A. Raimondo ◽  
R. Ricchiuto
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Stiffened Panel ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Impact

The investigation of fiber-reinforced composite laminates mechanical response under impact loads can be very difficult due to simultaneous failure phenomena. Indeed, as a consequence of low velocity impacts, intra-laminar damage as fiber and matrix cracking and inter-laminar damage, such as delamination, often take place concurrently, leading to significant reductions in terms of strength and stability for composite structure. In this paper a numerical study is proposed which, by means of non-linear explicit FEM analysis, aims to completely characterize the composite reinforced laminates damage under low velocity impacts. The numerical investigation allowed to obtain an exhaustive insight on the different phases of the impact event considering the damage formation and evolution. Five different impact locations with the same impact energy are taken into account to investigate the influence on the onset and growth of damage.

scholarly journals Study of the ballistic behaviour of UHMWPE composite material: experimental characterization and numerical simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Hakim Abdulhamid ◽  
Paul Deconinck ◽  
Pierre-Louis Héreil ◽  
Jérôme Mespoulet
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Peeling Strength ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a comprehensive mechanical study of UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) composite material under dynamic loadings. The aim of the study is to provide reliable experimental data for building and validate the composite material model under impact. Four types of characterization tests have been conducted: dynamic in-plane tension, out-of-plane compression, shear tests and plate impact tests. Then, several impacts of spherical projectiles have been performed. Regarding the numerical simulation, an intermediate scale multi-layered model (between meso and macro scale levels) is proposed. The material response is modelled with a 3d elastic orthotropic law coupled with fibre damage model. The modelling choice is governed by a balance between reliability and computing cost. Material dynamic response is unconventional [1, 2]: it shows large deformation before failure, very low shear modulus and peeling strength. Numerical simulation has been used both in the design and the analysis of tests. Many mechanical properties have been measured: elastic moduli, failure strength and EOS of the material. The numerical model is able to reproduce the main behaviours observed in the experiment. The study has highlighted the influence of temperature and fibre slipping in the impact response of the material.

Experimental investigation on a fully thermoplastic composite subjected to repeated impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 6985-7002
Author(s):  
S Boria ◽  
A Scattina ◽  
G Belingardi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Repeated Impacts ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Impact

In the last years, the spread of composite laminates into the engineering sectors was observed; the main reason lies in higher values of strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios with respect to conventional materials. Firstly, the attention was focused on fibres reinforced with thermosetting matrix. Then, the necessity to move towards low density and recyclable solutions has implied the development of composites made with thermoplastic matrix. Even if the first application of thermoplastic composites can be found into no structural parts, the replacement of metallic structural parts with such material in areas potentially subjected to impact has become worthy of investigation. Depending on the field of application and on the design geometry, in fact, some components can be subjected to repeated impacts at localized sites either during fabrication, activities of routine maintenance or during service conditions. When composite material was adopted, even though the impact damage associated to the single impact event can be slight, the accumulation of the damage over time may seriously weaken the mechanical performance of the structure. In this overview, the capability of energy absorption of a new composite completely made of thermoplastic material was investigated. This material was able to combine two conflicting requirements: the recyclability and the lightweight. In particular, repeated impacts at low velocity, on self-reinforced laminates made of polypropylene (PP), were conducted by experimental drop dart tests. Repeated impacts up to the perforation or up to 40 times were performed. In the analysis, three different energy levels and three different values of the laminate thicknesses were considered in order to analyse the damage behaviour under various experimental configurations. A visual observation of the impacted specimens was done, in order to evaluate the damage progression. Moreover, the trend of the peak force interchanged between specimen and dart and the evolution of both the absorbed energy and of the bending stiffness with the impacts number were studied. The results pointed out that the maximum load and the stiffness of the specimens tended to grow increasing the number of the repeated impacts. Such trend is opposite compared to the previous results obtained by other researchers using thermosetting composites.

Compressive Strength of CCF300/QY8911 Composite Laminates with LVI Damage

2012 ◽  
Vol 583 ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Hai Ming Hong ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Jian Yu Zhang ◽  
Yi Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Damage Area ◽  
Compressive Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dent Depth

A series of low-velocity impact tests and residual compressive strength tests after impacts on CCF300/QY8911 composite materials were carried out to study the mechanism of compression failure of the laminates after low-velocity impact. The curves of impact energy verse dent depth and impact energy verse the damage area was obtained. And the residual compressive strength and stiffness after impact verse damage parameters were analyzed. The results showed that when the impact energy exceeded the inflection point, as the impact energy increased, the dent depth on the impacted surface of the laminates notably increased while the damage area of the internal layers merely increased slowly. If the impact energy was continued to increase, the expansion of the laminates' internal damage mainly consisted of fiber breaks. The main reason for the decrease in compressive performance of composite laminates was inside delamination between layers, while in the case in which impact energy exceeded the inflection point, there were no obvious changes in delamination damage area for different energy, so the residual compressive performance kept almost stable.

scholarly journals Static Residual Tensile Strength Response of GFRP Composite Laminates Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5480
Author(s):  
Jong-Il Kim ◽  
Yong-Hak Huh ◽  
Yong-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Full Field ◽  
The Impact

The dependency of the static residual tensile strength for the Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) laminates after impact on the impact energy level and indent shape is investigated. In this study, two different laminates, unidirectional, [0°2]s) and TRI (tri-axial, (±45°/0°)2]s), were prepared using the vacuum infusion method, and an impact indent on the respective laminates was created at different energy levels with pyramidal and hemispherical impactors. Impact damage patterns, such as matrix cracking, delamination, debonding and fiber breakage, could be observed on the GFRP laminates by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and it is found that those were dependent on the impactor head shape and laminate structure. Residual in-plane tensile strength of the impacted laminates was measured and the reduction of the strength is found to be dependent upon the impact damage patterns. Furthermore, in this study, stress concentrations in the vicinity of the indents were determined from full-field stress distribution obtained by three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation (3D DIC) measurement. It was found that the stress concentration was associated with the reduction of the residual strength for the GFRP laminates.

A Study on Low Velocity Impact of Woven Glass/Phenolic Composite Laminates Considering Environmental Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1303-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hoon Kim ◽  
Duck Hoi Kim ◽  
Hu Shik Kim ◽  
Byoung Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phenolic Composite

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the internal damage and compressive residual strength of composite laminate by impact loading. To investigate the environmental effects, as-received and accelerated-aged glass/phenolic laminates are used. UT C-Scan is used to determine the impact damage characteristics and CAI tests are carried out to evaluate quantitatively the reduction of compressive strength by impact loading. The damage modes of the woven glass/phenolic laminates are evaluated. In the case of the accelerated-aged laminates, as aging time increases, initial failure energy and residual compressive strength decrease.

Analysis on Low Velocity Impact Damage and Compressive Residual Strength of Composite Laminates

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 463-467
Author(s):  
Pu Xue ◽  
H.H. Chen ◽  
W. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Residual Strength ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact

This paper studies the impact damage under low velocity impact for composite laminates based on a nonlinear progressive damage model. Damage evolution is described by the framework of the continuum damage mechanics. The real impact damage status of composite laminates has been used to analyze the residual compressive strength instead of assumptions on damage area after impact. The validity of the methodologies has been demonstrated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data available in literature. The delamination area has an error of 11.3%. The errors of residual strength and compressive displacement are 8.9% and 15%, which indicate that the numerical results matched well with the experimental data.

Failure Analysis of CCF300/5428 Laminates under Low Velocity Impact Based on Properties of Advanced Composite Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Jian Yu Zhang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Li Bin Zhao ◽  
Bin Jun Fei
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Material System ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Velocity Impact ◽  
The Impact

A progressive damage model (PDM) composed by 3D FEM, Hashin and Ye failure criteria and Changs degradation rules was established to deeply understand the failure of a new material system CCF300/5428 under low velocity impact. User defined subroutines were developed and embedded into the general FEA software package to carry out the failure analysis. Numerical simulations provide more information about the failure of composite laminates under low velocity impact, including initial damage status, damage propagation and final failure status. The history of the impact point displacement and various damage patterns were detailed studied.

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