scholarly journals Plasma-Activation of Larger Liquid Volumes by an Inductively-Limited Discharge for Antimicrobial Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Veronika Hahn ◽  
Beke Altrock ◽  
Torsten Gerling ◽  
Ioana Cristina Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Dielectric Barriers ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
First Time

A new configuration of a discharge chamber and power source for the treatment of up to 1 L of liquid is presented. A leakage transformer, energizing two metal electrodes positioned above the liquid, limits the discharge current inductively by utilizing the weak magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils. No additional means to avoid arcing (electric short-circuiting), e.g., dielectric barriers or resistors, are needed. By using this technique, exceeding the breakdown voltage leads to the formation of transient spark discharges, producing non-thermal plasma (NTP). These discharges effected significant changes in the properties of the treated liquids (distilled water, physiological saline solution, and tap water). Considerable concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were detected after the plasma treatment. Furthermore, all tested liquids gained strong antibacterial efficacy which was shown by inactivating suspended Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Plasma-treated tap water had the strongest effect, which is shown for the first time. Additionally, the pH-value of tap water did not decrease during the plasma treatment, and its conductivity increased less than for the other tested liquids.

THE ANTIDIURETIC PHASE OF WATER METABOLISM IN RATS AFTER LESIONS OF THE PITUITARY STALK. I

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. KOVÁCS ◽  
F. A. LÁSZLÓ ◽  
MARGIT A. DÁVID
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Water Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Phase Water

SUMMARY Lesions were made in the pituitary stalk of rats using a Horsley-Clarke apparatus, and the water metabolism of these rats was investigated after oral administration of tap water or 0·9% NaCl. Diuresis increased temporarily after destruction of the stalk, then an oliguric phase lasting 1 or 2 days developed. Water retention was followed by a more permanent polyuria. During the oliguric phase no diuretic reaction could be induced by oral administration of tap water or physiological saline solution. In that phase water consumption decreased, urine volume diminished with virtually unchanged creatinine excretion, and the specific gravity, sodium, potassium and chloride concentration of the urine increased. Treatment with cortisone, or oral administration of physiological saline or ethanol did not prevent water retention. The oliguric phase was observed only after stalk lesion; hypothalamic lesions distant from the stalk or subcortical lesions had no significant influence on the diuretic reaction. It is suggested that in the development of the oliguric phase, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) released from the hypothalamo-hypophysial system damaged by destruction of the stalk may play a role.

Detection of viable but nonculturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 using propidium monoazide treatments and qPCR

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-long Xiao ◽  
Cong Tian ◽  
Yi-gang Yu ◽  
Hui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Saline Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Propidium Monoazide ◽  
Vbnc State ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Luria Bertani Broth ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution

Escherichia coli O157:H7 can enter into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under stress conditions. The aims of the present study were to examine the influences of environmental factors on the survivability and culturability of E. coli O157:H7 and to develop an approach for accurate detection of VBNC E. coli O157:H7. The E. coli O157:H7 strain ATCC 6589 was inoculated into 3 induction microcosm models: (i) Luria–Bertani broth, (ii) sterilized tap water, and (iii) sterilized physiological saline solution. Our results showed that low temperature and nutritional starvation significantly impacted on the survivability of E. coli O157:H7 cells and that the in-vitro-induced VBNC cells were capable of resuscitating under normal temperature and appropriate nutrients. We tested the effectiveness of an approach combining propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PMA–qPCR) for accurate quantification of total, viable, dead, and VBNC cells under different induction microcosm models. Our results indicated different threshold cycle (Ct) values for PMA-treated cells and untreated cells (ΔCt = 4.97, 4.29, and 3.30 for Luria–Bertani broth, sterilized tap water, and sterilized physiological saline solution, respectively). We determined the quantification limit of this PMA–qPCR approach to be 1 × 102 cells·mL–1, providing sufficient sensitivity for detection of VBNC E. coli O157:H7 cells to no less than 100 cells·mL–1. This study clearly demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of using PMA–qPCR to accurately quantify E. coli O157:H7 in a VBNC state.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Poly(AM-AA)/MMT Nanocomposites Hydrogel Particles Coated Alginate

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 096369351702600
Author(s):  
Dingjun Zhang ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Chaoyun Qu ◽  
Xianwen Li ◽  
Youzhi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Hydrogel Particles ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
Core Materials

The poly(AM-AA)/MMT composites hydrogel particles coated alginate were successfully prepared by the method of microcapsule technology. The obtained particles were spherical, smooth-surfaced, hollow-structural and non-aggregated with a diameter of 1.5∼2.0 mm. The diameters of particles can be controlled and depended on the size of initial drop on the concentration of Al(NO3)3, SA(Sodium alginate) and their time of solidification, as well as on the concentration and size of core materials. The water-absorbent rate of coated plugging agent was remarkable in different conditions and fell based on the sequence of fax (fa1: tap water at 25 °C; fa2: physiological saline solution at 25 °C; fa3: tap water at 45 °C; fa4: physiological saline solution at 45 °C). The particles are stable for 15 days in the medium of pH ranged from 3 to 6, while the particles are degraded in simulated fluid with pH of 1, 2, 11 or 12.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica.- Ultrastructural Study

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 156-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Treviño ◽  
Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽  
I. Ruiz de Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Axenic Conditions

Although erythrophagocytosis by various species of Entamoeba is a well known phenomenon this has not yet been studied in detail at the ultrastructural level. The present work deals with the description of the incorporation process of erythrocytes by trophozoites of E. histolytica. For this study, trophozoites of E. histolytica, HK-9:NIH strain cultured in axenic conditions and washed human erythrocytes were placed on a hot plate at 37°C in physiological saline solution. After 5 minutes, 2.5% glutarldehyde was added and the samples were processed according to conventional techniques for electron microscopy.Based upon light microscopy studies on living trophozoites in contact with erythrocytes, it seems that erythrophagocytosis only takes place in one pole of the parasite.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

Resection of bone by sagittal saw: Investigation of effects of blade speed, feed rate, and irrigation on temperature rise

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192199948
Author(s):  
Ehsan Shakouri ◽  
Pezhman Ghorbani ◽  
Pedram Pourheidari ◽  
Saeed Fotuhi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
The State ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Allowable Range ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Saw Blade ◽  
Oscillation Rate

Heat generation during bone cutting by sagittal saw may lead to temperature rise and possible incidence of thermal necrosis. The aim of the present research is to examine the effect of saw blade oscillation rate, blade feed rate, and irrigation by physiological saline solution on the bone temperature rise during sawing in order to determine the desired conditions for reducing the extent of thermal damage. For this purpose, empirical tests of bovine femur cutting were performed in 15 states, including five levels for the blade oscillation rate (10,000–18,000 cpm with 2000 cpm intervals) and three levels for the feed rate (10–30 mm.min−1 with 10 mm.min−1 intervals) for dry conditions; and five states, including five levels for the blade oscillation rate (10,000–18,000 cpm with 2000 cpm intervals) and one level in feed rate of 20 mm.min−1 for the irrigation conditions. The results indicated that the bone temperature rise had a direct relationship with the blade oscillation rate and an inverse relationship with its feed rate. In the state of no cooling, the minimum temperature rise (Δ T = 65.45°C) occurred at the blade speed of 10,000 cpm and feed rate of 30 mm.min−1, while in the state of sawing with irrigation, the temperature rise almost did not exceed the allowable range (Δ T ≤ 10°C). The results suggested that to lower the possibility of incidence of osteonecrosis in the bone resection by sagittal saw, cooling with physiological saline solution or application of the minimum blade oscillation rate and maximum feed rate is recommended.

scholarly journals Identification of the Rumination in Cattle Using Support Vector Machines with Motion-Sensitive Bolus Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hamilton ◽  
Chris Davison ◽  
Christos Tachtatzis ◽  
Ivan Andonovic ◽  
Craig Michie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Digestive Efficiency ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
First Time ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Poor Welfare

The reticuloruminal function is central to the digestive efficiency in ruminants. For cattle, collar- and ear tag-based accelerometer monitors have been developed to assess the time spent ruminating on an individual animal. Cattle that are ill feed less and so ruminate less, thus, the estimation of the time spent ruminating provides insights into the health of individual animals. pH boluses directly provide information on the reticuloruminal function within the rumen and extended (three hours or more) periods during which the ruminal pH value remains below 5.6 is an indicator that dysfunction and poor welfare are likely. Accelerometers, incorporated into the pH boluses, have been used to indicate changes in behaviour patterns (high/low activity), utilised to detect the onset of oestrus. The paper demonstrates for the first time that by processing the reticuloruminal motion, it is possible to recover rumination periods. Reticuloruminal motion energy and the time between reticuloruminal contractions are used as inputs to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to identify rumination periods with an overall accuracy of 86.1%, corroborated by neck mounted rumination collars.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Fabricate Foam Ceramics from Steel Slag

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Xudong Luo ◽  
Jinlong Yang ◽  
Wenlong Huo ◽  
Chi Kang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Ceramic Foams ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

A novel approach is used for fabricating steel slag foam ceramics based on the particle-stabilized foaming method. In this work, steel slag was used as the raw material and propyl gallate (PG) was used as the surface modifier. For the first time, steel slag ceramic foams were successfully fabricated based on particle-stabilized foams. The results show that the stability of the ceramic foams was closely related to the pH value and PG concentration. The porosity and compressive strength could be controlled by changing the solid loading of steel slag and sintering temperature. The porosity of steel slag foam ceramics ranged from 85.6% to 62.53%, and the compressive strength was from 1.74 MPa to 10.42 MPa. The thermal conductivity of steel slag foam ceramics was only 0.067 W (m·K)−1, which shows that it could be used as a thermal insulation material.

scholarly journals Effects of a Non Thermal Plasma Treatment Alone or in Combination with Gemcitabine in a MIA PaCa2-luc Orthotopic Pancreatic Carcinoma Model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e52653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Brullé ◽  
Marc Vandamme ◽  
Delphine Riès ◽  
Eric Martel ◽  
Eric Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinoma ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma
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