scholarly journals Real-Time Control Strategy for CVT-Based Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Drivability Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangyang Li ◽  
Yunshan Zhou ◽  
Huanjian Xiong ◽  
Bing Fu ◽  
Zhiliang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Driving Pattern ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Equivalent Factor ◽  
Hybrid Electric

The energy management strategy has a great influence on the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles, and the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) has proved to be a useful tool for the real-time optimal control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). However, the adaptation of the equivalent factor poses a major challenge in order to obtain optimal fuel consumption as well as robustness to varying driving cycles. In this paper, an adaptive-ECMS based on driving pattern recognition (DPR) is established for hybrid electric vehicles with continuously variable transmission. The learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network model was adopted for the on-line DPR algorithm. The influence of the battery state of charge (SOC) on the optimal equivalent factor was studied under different driving patterns. On this basis, a method of adaptation of the equivalent factor was proposed by considering the type of driving pattern and the battery SOC. Besides that, in order to enhance drivability, penalty terms were introduced to constrain frequent engine on/off events and large variations of the continuously variable transmission (CVT) speed ratio. Simulation results showed that the proposed method efficiently improved the equivalent fuel consumption with charge-sustaining operations and also took into account driving comfort.

scholarly journals Effective optimal control strategy for hybrid electric vehicle with continuously variable transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781401882481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangyang Li ◽  
Xiaolan Hu ◽  
Bing Fu ◽  
Jiande Wang ◽  
Feitie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Hybrid electric vehicles equipped with continuously variable transmission show dramatic improvements in fuel economy and driving performance because they can continuously adjust the operating points of the power source. This article proposes an optimal control strategy for continuously variable transmission–based hybrid electric vehicles with a pre-transmission parallel configuration. To explore the fuel-saving potential of the given configuration, a ‘control-oriented’ quasi-static vehicle model is built, and dynamic programming is adopted to determine the optimal torque split factor and continuously variable transmission speed ratio. However, a single-criterion cost function will lead to undesirable drivability problems. To tackle this problem, the main factors affecting the driving performance of a continuously variable transmission–based hybrid electric vehicle are studied. On that basis, a multicriterion cost function is proposed by introducing drivability constraints. By varying the weighting factors, the trade-off between fuel economy and drivability can be evaluated under a predetermined driving cycle. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation experiments are performed under four different driving cycles, and the results indicate that the proposed method greatly enhanced the drivability without significantly increasing fuel consumption. Compared to a single-criterion cost function, the use of multiple criteria is more representative of real-world driving behaviour and thus provides better reference solutions to evaluate suboptimal online controllers.

scholarly journals Real-Time Energy Management of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Linear Quadratic Regulation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5538
Author(s):  
Bảo-Huy Nguyễn ◽  
João Pedro F. Trovão ◽  
Ronan German ◽  
Alain Bouscayrol
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulation ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Optimization-based methods are of interest for developing energy management strategies due to their high performance for hybrid electric vehicles. However, these methods are often complicated and may require strong computational efforts, which can prevent them from real-world applications. This paper proposes a novel real-time optimization-based torque distribution strategy for a parallel hybrid truck. The strategy aims to minimize the engine fuel consumption while ensuring battery charge-sustaining by using linear quadratic regulation in a closed-loop control scheme. Furthermore, by reformulating the problem, the obtained strategy does not require the information of the engine efficiency map like the previous works in literature. The obtained strategy is simple, straightforward, and therefore easy to be implemented in real-time platforms. The proposed method is evaluated via simulation by comparison to dynamic programming as a benchmark. Furthermore, the real-time ability of the proposed strategy is experimentally validated by using power hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

Multirate Integration in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Virtual Proving Grounds

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Solis ◽  
Chris Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Vehicle Systems ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Abstract In recent years technology development for the design of electric and hybrid-electric vehicle systems has reached a peak, due to ever increasing restrictions on fuel economy and reduced vehicle emissions. An international race among car manufacturers to bring production hybrid-electric vehicles to market has generated a great deal of interest in the scientific community. The design of these systems requires development of new simulation and optimization tools. In this paper, a description of a real-time numerical environment for Virtual Proving Grounds studies for hybrid-electric vehicles is presented. Within this environment, vehicle models are developed using a recursive multibody dynamics formulation that results in a set of Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAE), and vehicle subsystem models are created using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). Based on engineering knowledge of vehicle systems, two time scales are identified. The first time scale, referred to as slow time scale, contains generalized coordinates describing the mechanical vehicle system that includs the chassis, steering rack, and suspension assemblies. The second time scale, referred to as fast time scale, contains the hybrid-electric powertrain components and vehicle tires. Multirate techniques to integrate the combined set of DAE and ODE in two time scales are used to obtain computational gains that will allow solution of the system’s governing equations for state derivatives, and efficient numerical integration in real time.

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