scholarly journals Impact of Subharmonic and Aperiodic Laryngeal Dynamics on the Phonatory Process Analyzed in Ex Vivo Rabbit Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Thornton ◽  
Michael Döllinger ◽  
Stefan Kniesburges ◽  
David Berry ◽  
Christoph Alexiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Glottal Closure ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Vocal Fold Dynamics ◽  
Cepstral Peak Prominence ◽  
Voice Pathologies

Normal voice is characterized by periodic oscillations of the vocal folds. On the other hand, disordered voice dynamics (e.g., subharmonic and aperiodic oscillations) are often associated with voice pathologies and dysphonia. Unfortunately, not all investigations may be conducted on human subjects; hence animal laryngeal studies have been performed for many years to better understand human phonation. The rabbit larynx has been shown to be a potential model of the human larynx. Despite this fact, only a few studies regarding the phonatory parameters of rabbit larynges have been performed. Further, to the best of our knowledge, no ex vivo study has systematically investigated phonatory parameters from high-speed, audio and subglottal pressure data with irregular oscillations. To remedy this, the present study analyzes experiments with sustained phonation in 11 ex vivo rabbit larynges for 51 conditions of disordered vocal fold dynamics. (1) The results of this study support previous findings on non-disordered data, that the stronger the glottal closure insufficiency is during phonation, the worse the phonatory characteristics are; (2) aperiodic oscillations showed worse phonatory results than subharmonic oscillations; (3) in the presence of both types of irregular vibrations, the voice quality (i.e., cepstral peak prominence) of the audio and subglottal signal greatly deteriorated compared to normal/periodic vibrations. In summary, our results suggest that the presence of both types of irregular vibration have a major impact on voice quality and should be considered along with glottal closure measures in medical diagnosis and treatment.

Nonlinear Vocal Fold Dynamics in a Two-Mass Model of Speech Arising From Asymmetric Intraglottal Flow

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron D. Erath ◽  
Matías Zañartu ◽  
Sean D. Peterson ◽  
Michael W. Plesniak
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Sustained Oscillations ◽  
Voiced Speech ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Vocal Fold Dynamics

Voiced speech is initiated as air is expelled from the lungs and passes through the vocal tract inciting self-sustained oscillations of the vocal folds. While various approaches exist for investigating both normal and pathological speech, the relative inaccessibility of the vocal folds make multi-mass speech models an attractive alternative. Their behavior has been benchmarked with excised larynx experiments, and they have been used as analysis tools for both normal and disordered speech, including investigations of paralysis, vocal tremor, and breathiness. However, during pathological speech, vocal fold motion is often unstructured, resulting in chaotic motion and a wealth of nonlinear phenomena. Unfortunately, current methodologies for multi-mass speech models are unable to replicate the nonlinear vocal fold behavior that often occurs in physiological diseased voice for realistic values of subglottal pressure.

Electroglottography and Vocal Fold Physiology

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Childers ◽  
D. M. Hicks ◽  
G. P. Moore ◽  
L. Eskenazi ◽  
A. L. Lalwani
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Vocal Fold Motion ◽  
Maximum Opening ◽  
Major Hypothesis

The electroglottogram (EGG) is known to be related to vocal fold motion. A major hypothesis undergoing examination in several research centers is that the EGG is related to the area of contact of the vocal folds. This hypothesis is difficult to substantiate with direct measurements using human subjects. However, other supporting evidence can be offered. For this study we made measurements from synchronized ultra high-speed laryngeal films and from EGG waveforms collected from subjects with normal larynges and patients with vocal disorders. We compare certain features of the EGG waveform to (a) the instant of the opening of the glottis, (b) the instant of the closing of the glottis, and (c) the instant of the maximum opening of the glottis. In addition, we compare both the open quotient and the relative average perturbation measured from the glottal area to that estimated from the EGG. All of these comparisons indicate that vocal fold vibratory characteristics are reflected by features of the EGG waveform. This makes the EGG useful for speech analysis and synthesis as well as for modeling laryngeal behavior. The limitations of the EGG are discussed.

Application of High Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) technique and voice acoustic analysis in the diagnosis of the clinical form of Presbyphonia in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Kosztyła-Hojna ◽  
Emilia Duchnowska ◽  
Maciej Zdrojkowski ◽  
Anna Łobaczuk-Sitnik ◽  
Jolanta Biszewska
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Voice Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Voice Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glottal Insufficiency

<b>Introduction:</b> The aging process of voice begins after the age of 60 and has an individually variable course. Voice quality disorders at this age are called senile voice (Presbyphonia or Vox Senium). Voice pathology is particularly severe in women. The aim of the study was to diagnose the clinical form of Presbyphonia in elderly women using High Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) and acoustic voice analysis. <br><b>Material and methods:</b> Study included 50 elderly women (average age 69) with dysphonia (Group I). Control group (Group II) included 30 women (average age 71) without voice quality disorders. Visualization assessment has been conducted with High Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) with High Speed camera (HS). Acoustic evaluation of voice included analysis isolated vowel “a” and continuous linguistic text with Diagnoscope Specialista software. Maximum Phonation Time (MPT) has been determined. <br><b>Results:</b> In Group I, 78% of women revealed vocal folds vibrations asymmetry, vibration amplitude increase, Mucousal Wave (MW) limitation and Type D glottal insufficiency (GTs). Acoustic voice analysis proved decrease in F0, increase in Jitter, Shimmer, NHR. In 22% of women, next to vibrations asymmetry, vibration amplitude reduction and MW limitation, Type E glottal insufficiency (GTs) have been found. Acoustic voice analysis revealed slight decrease in F0 and the presence of numerous non-harmonic components in the glottis region. <br><b>Conclusions:</b> Vocal folds visualization with HSDI showed edema, less often atrophy in elderly women. Both forms of dysphonia were caused abnormal values of F0, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR in the acoustic voice evaluation and significant reduction of MPT.

scholarly journals Effects on Vocal Fold Collision and Phonation Threshold Pressure of Resonance Tube Phonation With Tube End in Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1530-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Enflo ◽  
Johan Sundberg ◽  
Camilla Romedahl ◽  
Anita McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Audio Signals ◽  
Resonance Tube ◽  
Phonation Threshold Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Voice Pathologies ◽  
The Voice

Purpose Resonance tube phonation in water (RTPW) or in air is a voice therapy method successfully used for treatment of several voice pathologies. Its effect on the voice has not been thoroughly studied. This investigation analyzes the effects of RTPW on collision and phonation threshold pressures (CTP and PTP), the lowest subglottal pressure needed for vocal fold collision and phonation, respectively. Method Twelve mezzo-sopranos phonated into a glass tube, the end of which was placed under the water surface in a jar. Subglottal pressure, electroglottography, and audio signals were recorded before and after exercise. Also, the perceptual effects were assessed in a listening test with an expert panel, who also rated the subjects' singing experience. Results Resonance tube phonation significantly increased CTP and also tended to improve perceived voice quality. The latter effect was mostly greater in singers who did not practice singing daily. In addition, a more pronounced perceptual effect was found in singers rated as being less experienced. Conclusion Resonance tube phonation significantly raised CTP and tended to improve perceptual ratings of voice quality. The effect on PTP did not reach significance.

Capsaicin-induced activation of pulmonary vagal C fibers produces reflex laryngeal closure in the rat

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1104-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Jung Lu ◽  
Kun-Ze Lee ◽  
Ji-Chuu Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Glottal Closure ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Right

Our recent studies show that intravenous administration of capsaicin induces enhancement of the intralaryngeal thyroarytenoid (TA) branch but a reduction of the intralaryngeal abducent branch, suggesting that the glottis is likely closed by capsaicin. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the glottis is adducted by intravenous administration of capsaicin. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the TA muscle, subglottal pressure (SGP), and glottal behavior were evaluated before and after intravenous administration of capsaicin in male Wistar rats that were anesthetized and tracheostomized. Catheters were placed in the femoral artery and vein, as well as in the right jugular vein. Low and high doses of capsaicin (0.625 and 1.25 μg/kg) produced apnea and increases in the amplitude of the TA EMG. This enhancement of the TA EMG was observed during apnea as well as during recovery from apnea. Moreover, the onset of the TA EMG was advanced such that it commenced earlier during inspiration. Concomitantly, the SGP substantially increased. Increases in both the TA EMG and SGP were abolished after bilateral sectioning of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. In some animals, movement of the vocal folds was recorded by taking a motion picture with a digital camera under a surgical microscope. With intravenous administration of capsaicin, a tight glottal closure, decreases in blood pressure, and bradycardia were observed. These results strongly suggest that glottal closure is reflexively induced by intravenous administration of capsaicin and that closure of the glottis is beneficial for the defense of the airway and lungs when an animal is exposed to environmental irritants.

scholarly journals Parameters Acoustic and High-speed kymography identified effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises

CoDAS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Aparecida Pimenta ◽  
María Eugenia Dájer ◽  
Adriana Hachiya ◽  
Domingos Hiroshi Tsuji ◽  
Arlindo Neto Montagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student Test ◽  
Female Voices

Purpose: To identify the immediate effects of voiced vibration and vocal fry exercises on healthy subjects by means of acoustic parameters and high-speed kymography. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (18 women and 12 men, aged from 19 to 45 years old) participated in this study. The voices were recorded at the range of 44.100 samples/second, before and after of the vocal exercises. We developed a computational routine to extract jitter and shimmer. High-speed kymography was generated from laryngeal images for the analysis of the phase times: closed (CPh), open (OPh), of closing (cPh) and of opening (oPh) and used the paired t-Student test and the Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: After voiced vibrations, acoustic parameters showed reduced jitter for both genders (p=0.018 for men and p<0.01 for women) and reduced shimmer for female voices (p<0.01). There was a decrease in CPh (p=0.046) and cPh (p=0.026) and an increase in OPh (p=0.05) in female vocal folds. After vocal fry, we identified decreased jitter (p<0.01) in female voices and cPh (p=0.026) in male vocal folds. Conclusion: We observed more positive immediate effects of the voiced vibrations, mainly in voice quality and vocal folds among females. Nevertheless, studies with larger male sample and investigation of the appropriate time of vocal fry are necessary to confirm the results of this search.

Subjective and objective assessment of voice quality in pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Bożena Kosztyła-Hojna ◽  
Anna Łobaczuk-Sitnik ◽  
Jolanta Biszewska ◽  
Diana Moskal-Jasińska
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acoustic Evaluation

During pregnancy, voice quality disorders may occur in form of: edema, dryness, nervousness. The aim of the study is subjective and objective evaluation of voice quality in pregnant women. The study included 20 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, age of 20-31 diagnosed at the Department of Clinical Phonoaudiology and Logopedics, Medical University of Bialystok. Subjective assessment has been based on the GRBAS scale. Objective assessment of the vocal organ used the HSDI technique (High Speed Digital Imaging). In the laryngeal visualization, high-speed camera (HS) using rigid endoscope with 90 ° optics has been used. Vibration of vocal folds has been recorded during phonation of vowel "e" at 4000 frames / sec. The glottal closure (GTs), symmetry, regularity and synchronization of vocal folds vibration have been assessed. In estimating the degree of glottal insufficiency, kymography of the larynx has been performed by analyzing the value of Open Quotient (OQ). Objective acoustic evaluation of voice has been also conducted using DiagnoScope Specjalista Program. Hoarseness has been observed in 15 pregnant women, whereas voice fatigability in 20 patients. Using HSDI, the edema of vocal folds in part of the group has been observed. Decreased MPT has been found in all examined women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hoarseness and fatigability of voice are the most frequent subjective symptoms of voice organ in the third trimester of pregnancy. Decreased MPT is recorded objectively, as well as edema and insufficiency of vocal folds using HSDI technique.

Analysis of voice quality parameters in patients with vestibular voice

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Bożena Kosztyła-Hojna ◽  
Anna Łobaczuk-Sitnik ◽  
Maciej Zdrojkowski ◽  
Emilia Duchnowska ◽  
Diana Moskal-Jasińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Physiological Process ◽  
Acoustic Evaluation ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Visualization Techniques

Abstract Vestibular voice includes participation of larynx structures which are absent in physiological process. Vestibular phonation may be desired when vocal folds are damaged as in paralytic dysphonia, or undesired in marginal hyperfunction. Vestibular voice may result from psychogenic dysphonia – phononeurosis. The aim of the study is perceptive evaluation of vestibular voice, objective larynx visualization, acoustic and aerodynamic examination. The study included 40 patients: 20 with vestibular voice, 20 with euphonic voice. Voice quality has been evaluated using perceptual GRBAS scale. Endoscopic and stroboscopic larynx examination used Endo-STROB-EL-Xion GmbH with visual tract. High-Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI) and High Speed (HS) camera registered true vocal folds vibrations. Acoustic evaluation of voice with DiagnoScope Specjalista, DiagNova Technologies included analysis of F0, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR, nonharmonic components. MPT has been analyzed. In examined group, hoarseness (95%), roughness (75%) and voice strain (55%) have been recorded. Endoscopy revealed edema of vestibular folds with dilation of vessels covering glottis. Stroboscopy and HSDI confirmed coexistence of hyperfunctional (95%) or paralytic (5%) dysphonia. Acoustic assessment revealed increase in Jitter, Shimmer, NHR and decrease in F0 and MPT. The vestibular voice is observed most frequently in women with hyperfunctional dysphonia (phononeuroses) or in paralytic dysphonia. Visualization techniques confirm the coexistence of vestibular folds hypertrophy and edema with vibration disorders. In the perceptual assessment, vestibular voice was hoarse, rough and strained. Acoustic examination showed increase of Jitter, Shimmer, NHR, presence of nonharmonic components and decrease of F0 and MPT.

The Singing Voice

2018 ◽  
pp. 116-142
Author(s):  
Johan Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Vowel Sound ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Voice Source ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
The Voice

The sound quality of singing is determined by three basic factors—the air pressure under the vocal folds (or the subglottal pressure), the mechanical properties of the vocal folds, and the resonance properties of the vocal tract. Subglottal pressure is controlled by the respiratory apparatus. It regulates vocal loudness and is varied with pitch in singing. Together with the mechanical properties of the folds, which are controlled by laryngeal muscles, it has a decisive influence on vocal fold vibrationswhich convert the tracheal airstream to a pulsating airflow, the voice source. The voice source determines pitch, vibrato, and register, and also the overall slope of the spectrum. The sound of the voice source is filtered by the resonances of the vocal tract, or the formants, of which the two lowest determine the vowel quality and the higher ones the personal voice quality. Timing is crucial for creating emotional expressivity; it uses an acoustic code that shows striking similarities to that used in speech. The perceived loudness of a vowel sound seems more closely related to the subglottal pressure with which it was produced than with the acoustical sound level. Some investigations of acoustical correlates of tone placement and variation of larynx height are described, as are properties that affect the perceived naturalness of synthesized singing. Finally, subglottal pressure, voice source, and formant-frequency characteristics of some non-classical styles of singing are discussed.

Vocal Fold Dynamics During Phonations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lan ◽  
A. M. Al-Jumaily ◽  
A. Mirnajafi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Glottal Closure ◽  
Vocal Fold Dynamics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Finite Element Model

During phonation, the vocal folds collision in the glottal closure is considered as a risk factor for pathology development. Based on the finite element model using the software ABAQUS™, the impact stresses between the vocal folds are studied.

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