scholarly journals Design 2-Speed Transmission for Compact Electric Vehicle Using Dual Brake System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Jae-Oh Han ◽  
Jae-Won Shin ◽  
Jae-Chang Kim ◽  
Se-Hoon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Drive System ◽  
The Government

Mega trends in the global automotive industry are environmentally friendly. As laws and regulations tighten at the government level, the automobile industry is striving to develop a drive system that can operate without using fossil fuels, instead of developing an internal combustion engine using fossil fuels. Environmentally-friendly energy is attracting attention as an alternative to solve the problems of air pollution and fossil fuel depletion. Electricity is attracting the most attention among environmentally-friendly alternative fuels. In addition, research on the development of a high-efficiency and high-reliability advanced electric automobile drive system are actively being carried out. In this study, a two-speed transmission for electric vehicles is developed using environmentally-friendly fuel. The 1st and the 2nd planetary gear modules were integrated, the ring gear and the carrier gear were shared, and the dual disc brake was used to design a mechanism for fixing each sun and shifting gear. Such a structure can improve shift energy efficiency compared to that of conventional transmissions. It was judged that the structure was suitable for an electric car using a limited power supply. Each gear was designed by calculating bending strength and surface durability.

scholarly journals The Study Influences the Jatropha-Diesel Mixing Ratio to the Formation of Soot Emissions in Diesel Exhaust Gases

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Van Quy Nguyen ◽  
Huu Cuong Le
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Jatropha Seeds

To cope with the depletion of fossil fuels and the threat of exhaust pollution from internal combustion engines, research finds alternative fuels. Step by step to completely replace fossil fuels that will be exhausted in the future and environmentally friendly due to internal combustion engines is an urgent and important issue. Diversify fuel sources used for internal combustion engines and environmentally friendly when using Jatropha - Diesel fuel mixture. The paper focuses on studying the ability to use biodiesel derived from Jatropha seeds with the volume ratios of 5%, 10% and 15% on experimental engines. Thereby, it will analyze and evaluate the technical features and pollution levels of engines compared to pure fuels. Experimental study assessing the effect of Jatropha - Diesel mixing ratio on the emission formation compared with emissions in Vikyno EV2600 engines.

scholarly journals Assessment of Direct Injected Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Diesel Blends for Ultra-Low Soot Combustion Engine Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4949
Author(s):  
Roberto Ianniello ◽  
Gabriele Di Blasio ◽  
Renato Marialto ◽  
Carlo Beatrice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines

Technological and economic concerns correlated to fulfilling future emissions and CO2 standards require great research efforts to define an alternative solution for low emissions and highly efficient propulsion systems. Alternative fuel formulation could contribute to this aim. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with lower carbon content than other fossil fuels and which is easily vaporized at ambient conditions has the advantage of lowering CO2 emissions and optimizing the combustion process. Liquefied petroleum gas characteristics and availability makes the fuel a promising alternative for internal combustion engines. The possible combination of using it in high-efficiency compression ignition engines makes it worth analyzing the innovative method of using LPG as a blend component in diesel. Few relevant studies are detectable in literature in this regard. In this study, two blends containing diesel and LPG, in volume ratios 20/80 and 35/65, respectively, were formulated and utilized. Their effects on combustion and emissions performance were assessed by performing proper experimental tests on a modern light-duty single-cylinder engine test rig. Reference operating points at conventional engine calibration settings were examined. A specific exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) parametrization was performed evaluating the LPG blends’ potential in reducing the smoke emissions at standard engine-out NOx levels. The results confirm excellent NOx-smoke trade-off improvements with smoke reductions up to 95% at similar NOx and efficiency. Unburnt emissions slightly increase, and to acceptable levels. Improvements, in terms of indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), are detected in the range of 1–3%, as well as the CO2 decrease proportionally to the mixing ratio.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vibration Characteristics and Theoretical Analysis for In-Wheel Driving Electric Road Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-432
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Vibration Characteristics

Hub-motor driven electric vehicles consider the upcoming technology in the vehicle industry. It has several merits such as lightweight, good accelerator responsiveness, flexibility when designing different drivetrains, operated at most operative efficiency points, and increased space-saving compared with the traditional electric vehicle driven by a central motor. The energy demand around the world is increasing dramatically. So, the researchers seek to find alternatives to the non-renewable resources represented by fossil fuels. Electric vehicles are the most suitable vehicle to avail of this type of energy due to their high efficiency and zero fuel consumption and emission. The electric-powered vehicle is distinctive with low noise and vibration which improves the vibration characteristics compared with internal combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, eight degrees of freedom passive quarter car suspension system of an in-wheel drive powered electric vehicle equipped with a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system is studied and analyzed. The system was simulated and tested in both time and frequency domains via the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

scholarly journals Fuels for Automobiles: The Sustainable Future

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Olumide A. Towoju
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
The Future ◽  
Petroleum Derivatives

The future of internal combustion engine-powered automobiles hangs in the balance unless clean fuels are available in commercial quantities. Electricity-powered vehicles will displace the internal combustion engine-powered automobiles. However, electricity-powered vehicles are yet to meet some of the automobile demands. A paradigm shift with attendant infrastructural change is necessary for its adoption. Synthetic fuels promise to be the solution. Their invention dates back to the early twentieth century when the concern was not about climate change. The search for alternative fuels later metamorphosed to when fossil fuels reserve depletion and petroleum derivatives cost became a concern. The alternatives were made available in biofuels. The prevailing challenge is now climate change. It is the consequence of the emission of greenhouse gases from the combustion of petroleum derivatives in automobiles. Synthetic fuels show the potential of coming to the rescue despite the prevailing hurdles. The future holds a potential promise of converting greenhouse gas (CO2) to liquid fuels that will allow little or no disruptions to the current transportation infrastructure network. It is, therefore, necessary to encourage further studies on the production of synthetic fuels. The environmental and economic benefits of commercially available synthetic fuels promise to be enormous.

Hydrogen Fuel: Opportunities and Barriers

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Rex Britter ◽  
Nitesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
The Future

The fact that 65% of the oil use is by the transportation sector, the increasing gap between the oil supply and demand, and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions make the introduction of alternative fuels, together with large energy efficiency gains, a key to sustainable mobility, both nationally and globally. The history of alternative fuels has not been very successful. Various economic, social, and technological barriers have impeded the acceptance of energy carriers such as hydrogen as a major transportation fuel. An effective interaction between the societal system of vehicle owners and a supply infrastructure of alternative fuels is needed for mass adoption of these future technologies. However, hydrogen due to its production pathways, particularly from renewable resources, inexhaustible, and clean nature, an ubiquitous presence and its promise of a sustainable transportable energy source give it a strong edge to be fuel of the future. This paper discusses the economical, social, and technological implications on the use of hydrogen as a future transport fuel. Furthermore, three cases based on UK Department of Transport studies showing the penetration of high efficiency vehicles, fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), and hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine vehicles (H2-ICEs) into the future transport fleet are discussed. With some assumptions, it indicates clearly that by the end of 2050 the H2-ICEs will play a major role in the UK transport sector whereas more time is needed for FCVs due to their less compelling consumer value possibility. Also, it can be inferred that the emissions from hydrogen’s full life cycle are about half those of the direct emissions from nonrenewable fuels such as the natural gas from which it is produced, thereby showing a promising future of hydrogen fuel to cope with the problem of climate change and the continuously increasing scarcity of conventional/fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Review on the Use of Diesel–Biodiesel–Alcohol Blends in Compression Ignition Engines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Niculescu ◽  
Adrian Clenci ◽  
Victor Iorga-Siman
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Ci Engines

The use of alternative fuels contributes to the lowering of the carbon footprint of the internal combustion engine. Biofuels are the most important kinds of alternative fuels. Currently, thanks to the new manufacturing processes of biofuels, there is potential to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, compared to fossil fuels, on a well-to-wheel basis. Amongst the most prominent alternative fuels to be used in mixtures/blends with fossil fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines are biodiesel, bioethanol, and biomethanol. With this perspective, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel blends in compression ignition (CI) engines. Many studies have been conducted to assess the impacts of biodiesel use on engine operation. The addition of alcohols such as methanol and ethanol is also practised in biodiesel–diesel blends, due to their miscibility with the pure biodiesel. Alcohols improve the physico-chemical properties of biodiesel–diesel blends, which lead to improved CI engine operation. This review paper discusses some results of recent studies on biodiesel, bioethanol, and biomethanol production, their physicochemical properties, and also, on the influence of the use of diesel–biodiesel–alcohols blends in CI engines: combustion characteristics, performance, and emissions.

scholarly journals A Review on Drive Train Technologies for Passenger Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6742
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizalul Wahid ◽  
Bentang Arief Budiman ◽  
Endra Joelianto ◽  
Muhammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Power Cost ◽  
The Government

Transportation is the second-largest sector contributing to greenhouse gas emissions due to CO2 gas generation from the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed to be a great solution to overcome this issue. EVs can reduce CO2 emissions because the vehicles use an electric motor as a propeller instead of an internal combustion engine. Combined with sustainable energy resources, EVs may become zero-emission transportation. This paper presents an overview of the EV drive train types, including their architecture with the benefits and drawbacks of each type. The aim is to summarize the recent progress of EV technology that always continues to be updated. Furthermore, a comparative investigation on energy density and efficiency, specific energy and power, cost, and application is carried out for batteries as the main energy storage. This discussion provides an understanding of the current development of battery technology, especially the batteries used in EVs. Moreover, the electric motor efficiency, power density, fault tolerance, reliability, and cost are also presented, including the most effective electric motor to use in EVs. The challenges and opportunities of EV deployment in the future are then discussed comprehensively. The government regulation for EVs is still a major non-technical challenge, whereas the charging time and battery performance are the challenges for the technical aspect.

scholarly journals Current trends in Oxygen enriched combustion : Application and scrutiny

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.8) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Abdul Raguman. A ◽  
Madhankumar D ◽  
Ajith B ◽  
Mohanasundaram V ◽  
Nandhakumar V
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Ic Engines

The populace in the global scenario has drastically increased in the past decades. Due to this situation, the necessity of transportation also escalated which simultaneously raised the pollution levels. Nowadays the populace commonly prefers their individual vehicles rather than public transport system. This made the automotive manufacturers to come up with new technologies and to compensate the stringent norms introduced by several countries. Internal Combustion engine has been serving the world more than a century and plays a vital role in the means of transportation. Many types of research were made to enhance the efficiency of IC engines by the use of alternative fuels, alteration of the intake parameters, stroke variation, usage of alternative materials etc., At present scenario of IC engine, the efficiency ranges between 35 – 50 % based on the technology used. If more efficient IC engines are used it would meet the demand of depleting fossil fuels. Such engines may prevent the demise of fossil fuels. Thus our project deals with the prospect to discuss the phenomenal changes and effects occurring on IC engine when the working fluid is enriched oxygen.

A Review on the Role and Impact of Typical Alcohol Additives in Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Minh Quang Chau ◽  
Van Vang Le ◽  
Tri Hieu Le ◽  
Van Tam Bui
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Global Environmental

Today, most of the essential energy needs of humans and production are met by fossil fuels that are expected to be exhausted in the next century. Furthermore, fossil fuels are not renewable and sensitive to the environment. In particular, there is growing concerned about the negative impact of internal combustion engine emissions on climate change and global environmental pollution. Fuel and alcohol-based additives are being considered as good candidates for sustainable alternative fuels used on compression ignition engines. In this review, the different key production pathways and properties of each of the five alcohol additive candidates were discussed. Besides, their effects on the emission characteristics of diesel engines when alcohol additives are added to diesel fuel are also carefully considered. Five candidates including methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol have been shown to control pollutants from combustion engines while using alcohol-based additives. This is of great significance in the strategy of coping with the threats of pollution and climate change caused by the operation of transport vehicles

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