scholarly journals Influence of Biomass Incineration Temperature on the Content of Selected Heavy Metals in the Ash Used for Fertilizing Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Zając ◽  
Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Szczepanik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Element Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Biomass Incineration

This article presents the influence of ash-forming temperature on ash content and the content of selected heavy metals. The biomasses most commonly used in low-power heating boilers, such as miscant, oak, pine, sunflower husk, wheat straw and willow, were selected for the research. The biomass was incinerated at temperatures of 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C, using the X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) for the measurement of element content. The results show that the content of heavy metals in the examined ash was not excessive and could not be considered as potentially dangerous. As the ash-forming temperature increased, the content of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb decreased, which indicates that, at higher temperatures, they went into the gas phase. Cr, Ni and Fe were thermally stable and less volatile, thus the ashes were enriched with them as the ash-forming temperature increased.

Low-power total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer using diffractometer guide rail

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Susumu Imashuku ◽  
Jun Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Minimum Detection Limit ◽  
Guide Rail ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was modified to a low-power total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometer. This was realized by reducing the XRD tube power (3 kW) down to 10 W by a Spellman power supply. The present spectrometer consisted of a waveguide slit, Si-PIN detector, a goniometer and two Z-axis stages that were set on a diffractometer guide rail. This unit was easy in assembly. The first measurements with this spectrometer were presented. The minimum detection limit for Cr was estimated to be a few nanograms or at the level of 1013 atoms cm−2.

scholarly journals Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction mapping on a benchtop X-ray fluorescence system

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Lane ◽  
Antony Nyombi ◽  
James Shackel
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Step Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Polished Metal

A method for energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction mapping is presented, using a conventional low-power benchtop X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the Seiko Instruments SEA6000VX. Hyper spectral X-ray maps with a 10 µm step size were collected from polished metal surfaces, sectioned Bi, Pb and steel shot gun pellets. Candidate diffraction lines were identified by eliminating those that matched a characteristic line for an element and those predicted for escape peaks, sum peaks, and Rayleigh and Compton scattered primary X-rays. The maps showed that the crystallites in the Bi pellet were larger than those observed in the Pb and steel pellets. The application of benchtop spectrometers to energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction mapping is discussed, and the capability for lower atomic number and lower-symmetry materials is briefly explored using multi-crystalline Si and polycrystalline sucrose.

Spatial Distribution and Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Suburb Cropland, Suzhou City, Anhui, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 457-460
Author(s):  
Qi Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Suzhou City ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Interpolation Analysis

In this paper, concentrations and spatial distribution of four heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, As) in cropland soil from suburb area of Suzhou city were determined and analysed by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer and interpolation analysis. Then based on integrated pollution index (IPI), pollution levels of the heavy metals were assessed. The results indicate that the mean concentrations of As was higher than the value of Anhui soil background, while the others were lower; Spatial distribution of Pb and Zn were affected by traffic pollution, Cu was related with the emissions of garbage and waste, As was came from the use of pesticides; The IPI of heavy metals belonged to light pollution levels, and As was higher than the others.

scholarly journals Possibility of the total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometer for the determination of lead in biological samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Javzandolgor Ts ◽  
Amartaivan Ts ◽  
Buyantogtokh Ch ◽  
Bilguun B ◽  
Lkham B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer

Mongolia has been exposed to extreme draught and dry summer for its historical development due to geographical location, climatic condition, surface characteristics and being subject to vulnerable and dry region in terms of ecological system. Besides it, rapid increase in the minerals production has been causing heavy metal pollution in soil, water and plants. Soil pollution is main parameter of environmental pollution and air and water pollution directly depend on it. Main influencing factor of endemic diseases of livestock is chemical ingredient of soil, water and plant. Due to negligent use and disposal of lead containing sources including acid and alkali batteries with lead conductor, vehicle accumulators in last years, environment has been polluted greatly and it becomes the cause of animal poisoning. Heavy metals are dangerous because of their persistence and toxicity. Soil behaves as a sink of heavy metals by aerial deposition of particles emitted by human activities. The aims of this work were to identify the levels of lead in accumulator processing plant and city areas and animals. We have determined lead level in biological samples /livestock blood/ using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and compared the results found by the Lead Care II. Бүрэн ойлтын рентгенфлоуресценцийн спектрометр ашиглан биологийн дээжинд хартугалга тодорхойлох боломж Хураангуй: Монгол орон газар зүйн байршил, уур амьсгалын нөхцөл, газар нутгийн гадаргын хэв шинж,экологийн тогтолцооны хувьд нэн эмзэг, хуурай бүс нутагт хамрагддагийн улмаас түүхэн хөгжлийнхөө турш ган, зуданд нэрвэгдсээр ирсэн байна. Үүний зэрэгцээ манай оронд ашигт малтмалын олборлолт эрс нэмэгдсэнээр хөрс, ус, ургамал хүнд металлаар ихээр бохирдох боллоо. Хөрсний бохирдол нь байгаль, орчны төлөв байдлын гол үзүүлэлт бөгөөд агаар, усны бохирдол үүнээс шууд хамаарна [1]. Мал, амьтны нутгийн орогнол (эндемик) өвчинд гол нөлөөлөх зүйл бол хөрс, ус, ургамлын химийн найрлага юм. Хар тугалган дамжуулагч бүхий хүчлийн болон шүлтийн батарей, автомашины аккуммулятор зэрэг хар тугалга агуулсан эх үүсвэрүүдийг эмх замбараагүй хаясны улмаас байгаль орчин хар тугалгаар ихээр бохирдож мал, амьтны хордох шалтгаан болж байна. Хар тугалгыг мэдрэлийн хор гэж нэрлэдэг бөгөөдөсөлт, тархины хөгжлийг саатуулах аюултай. Иймд бид бүрэн ойлтын рентген флуоресценцийн аргыг ашиглан биологийн дээжинд (малын цусанд) хар тугалганы хэмжээг тодорхойлон, үр дүнг LeadCare II багажийн хэмжилтийн дүнтэй харьцуулав. Бидний хийсэн хэмжилтийн дүнгээс харахад 2 багажийн тоон үзүүлэлт хамаарлын шугаманд ойролцоо гарч байна. Түлхүүр үг: Хүнд метал, үхэр, цус, дээж

Determination of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb) in blood by total reflection X-ray fluorescence

2003 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bounakhla ◽  
A. Doukkali ◽  
K. Lalaoui ◽  
H. Aguenaou ◽  
N. Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
X Ray
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