scholarly journals The Detection of Long-Chain Bio-Markers Using Atomic Force Microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Life Detection ◽  
Distance Signal ◽  
Long Chain

The detection of long-chain biomolecules on mineral surfaces is presented using an atomic force microscope (AFM). This is achieved by using the AFM’s ability to manipulate molecules and measure forces at the pico-newton scale. We show that a highly characteristic force-distance signal is produced when the AFM tip is used to detach long-chain molecules from a surface. This AFM force spectroscopy method is demonstrated on bio-films, spores, fossils and mineral surfaces. The method works with AFM imaging and correlated tip enhanced infrared spectroscopy. The use of AFM force spectroscopy to detect this class of long chain bio-markers has applications in paleontology, life detection and planetary science.

Molecular orientation of vapor-deposited films of long-chain molecules observed with atomic force microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Takiguchi ◽  
M. Izawa ◽  
K. Yase ◽  
S. Ueno ◽  
M. Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Chain Molecules ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Deposited Films ◽  
Long Chain

Enhanced Topographical Characterization of Sharp Step Edges With Simultaneous AFM Imaging and Force Spectroscopy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago D. Solares
Keyword(s):  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Modulation Method ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Imaging Artifacts ◽  
Step Edges

Topographical imaging with atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an established method since its invention in 1986. However, there exist a variety of imaging artifacts that can distort the acquired images, especially when using sharp probes such as carbon nanotubes or nanowires. This paper briefly discusses common imaging artifacts occurring at sharp step edges and explores theoretically their mitigation with spectral and multi-frequency methods that can perform simultaneous topographical imaging and force spectroscopy. The work focuses on the spectral inversion method, which has been experimentally validated by others [Stark et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 8473–8478 (2002); Sahin et al., Nature Nanotech. 2, 507–514 (2007)], and on a recently proposed dual-frequency-modulation method, which has been demonstrated within computational simulations and is under experimental implementation in our laboratory [Solares & Chawla, Meas. Sci. & Technol. 19, No. 055502; Chawla & Solares, Meas. Sci. & Technol. 20, No. 015501].

Brittle Behaviour in Aspirin Crystals: Evidence of Spalling Fracture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. A. Gabriele ◽  
Craig J. Williams ◽  
Douglas Stauffer ◽  
Brian Derby ◽  
Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Spalling Fracture ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Imaging

<div> <div> <div> <p>Single crystals of aspirin form I were cleaved and indented on their dominant face. Upon inspection, it was possible to observe strongly anisotropic shallow lateral cracks due to the extreme low surface roughness after cleavage. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging showed spalling fractures nucleating from the indent corners, forming terraces with a height of one or two interplanar spacings d100. The formation of such spalling fractures in aspirin was rationalised using basic calculations of attachment energies, showing how (100) layers are poorly bonded when compared to their relatively higher intralayer bonding. An attempt at explaining the preferential propagation of these fractures along the [010] direction is discussed. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Brittle Behaviour in Aspirin Crystals: Evidence of Spalling Fracture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. A. Gabriele ◽  
Craig J. Williams ◽  
Douglas Stauffer ◽  
Brian Derby ◽  
Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Spalling Fracture ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Imaging

<div> <div> <div> <p>Single crystals of aspirin form I were cleaved and indented on their dominant face. Upon inspection, it was possible to observe strongly anisotropic shallow lateral cracks due to the extreme low surface roughness after cleavage. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging showed spalling fractures nucleating from the indent corners, forming terraces with a height of one or two interplanar spacings d100. The formation of such spalling fractures in aspirin was rationalised using basic calculations of attachment energies, showing how (100) layers are poorly bonded when compared to their relatively higher intralayer bonding. An attempt at explaining the preferential propagation of these fractures along the [010] direction is discussed. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Atomic force microscopy analysis of native infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lyonnais ◽  
Mathilde Hénaut ◽  
Aymeric Neyret ◽  
Peggy Merida ◽  
Chantal Cazevieille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Native Conformation ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Virus Morphology ◽  
Nanoscale Level

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, single viruses were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating directly in a level 3 biosafety (BSL3) facility, which appeared as a fast and powerful method to assess at the nanoscale level and in 3D infectious virus morphology in its native conformation, or upon inactivation treatments. AFM imaging reveals structurally intact infectious and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 upon low concentration of formaldehyde treatment. This protocol combining AFM and plaque assays allows the preparation of intact inactivated SARS-CoV-2 particles for safe use of samples out of level 3 laboratory to accelerate researches against the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, we illustrate how adapted BSL3-AFM is a remarkable toolbox for rapid and direct virus analysis based on nanoscale morphology.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging suggests that stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) binds to Orai1 with sixfold symmetry

FEBS Letters ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 588 (17) ◽  
pp. 2874-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilshan Balasuriya ◽  
Shyam Srivats ◽  
Ruth D. Murrell-Lagnado ◽  
J. Michael Edwardson
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Sixfold Symmetry

Imaging of Xenopus laevis Oocyte Plasma Membrane in Physiological-Like Conditions by Atomic Force Microscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Santacroce ◽  
Federica Daniele ◽  
Andrea Cremona ◽  
Diletta Scaccabarozzi ◽  
Michela Castagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocyte ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Imaging

AbstractXenopus laevis oocytes are an interesting model for the study of many developmental mechanisms because of their dimensions and the ease with which they can be manipulated. In addition, they are widely employed systems for the expression and functional study of heterologous proteins, which can be expressed with high efficiency on their plasma membrane. Here we applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to the study of the plasma membrane of X. laevis oocytes. In particular, we developed and optimized a new sample preparation protocol, based on the purification of plasma membranes by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose gradient, to perform a high-resolution AFM imaging of X. laevis oocyte plasma membrane in physiological-like conditions. Reproducible AFM topographs allowed visualization and dimensional characterization of membrane patches, whose height corresponds to a single lipid bilayer, as well as the presence of nanometer structures embedded in the plasma membrane and identified as native membrane proteins. The described method appears to be an applicable tool for performing high-resolution AFM imaging of X. laevis oocyte plasma membrane in a physiological-like environment, thus opening promising perspectives for studying in situ cloned membrane proteins of relevant biomedical/pharmacological interest expressed in this biological system.

scholarly journals Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kiracofe ◽  
Arvind Raman ◽  
Dalia Yablon
Keyword(s):  
Single Frequency ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Afm Imaging ◽  
Multiple Regimes ◽  
Nanoscale Imaging ◽  
Relative Kinetic ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Tapping Mode Afm ◽  
Afm Cantilever

One of the key goals in atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging is to enhance material property contrast with high resolution. Bimodal AFM, where two eigenmodes are simultaneously excited, confers significant advantages over conventional single-frequency tapping mode AFM due to its ability to provide contrast between regions with different material properties under gentle imaging conditions. Bimodal AFM traditionally uses the first two eigenmodes of the AFM cantilever. In this work, the authors explore the use of higher eigenmodes in bimodal AFM (e.g., exciting the first and fourth eigenmodes). It is found that such operation leads to interesting contrast reversals compared to traditional bimodal AFM. A series of experiments and numerical simulations shows that the primary cause of the contrast reversals is not the choice of eigenmode itself (e.g., second versus fourth), but rather the relative kinetic energy between the higher eigenmode and the first eigenmode. This leads to the identification of three distinct imaging regimes in bimodal AFM. This result, which is applicable even to traditional bimodal AFM, should allow researchers to choose cantilever and operating parameters in a more rational manner in order to optimize resolution and contrast during nanoscale imaging of materials.

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