scholarly journals Electrospun Nanomaterials for Energy Applications: Recent Advances

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saveria Santangelo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Fiber Networks ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Highly Porous

Electrospinning is a simple, versatile, cost-effective, and scalable technique for the growth of highly porous nanofibers. These nanostructures, featured by high aspect ratio, may exhibit a large variety of different sizes, morphologies, composition, and physicochemical properties. By proper post-spinning heat treatment(s), self-standing fibrous mats can also be produced. Large surface area and high porosity make electrospun nanomaterials (both fibers and three-dimensional fiber networks) particularly suitable to numerous energy-related applications. Relevant results and recent advances achieved by their use in rechargeable lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, redox flow batteries, metal-air batteries, supercapacitors, reactors for water desalination via capacitive deionization and for hydrogen production by water splitting, as well as nanogenerators for energy harvesting, and textiles for energy saving will be presented and the future prospects for the large-scale application of electrospun nanomaterials will be discussed.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for the Preparation of Fibrous CeO2–ZrO2–Y2O3 Compacts for Thermochemical Cycles

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Nicole Knoblauch ◽  
Peter Mechnich
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Redox Cycles ◽  
Redox Kinetics ◽  
Direct Infiltration ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Functional Components

Zirconium-Yttrium-co-doped ceria (Ce0.85Zr0.13Y0.02O1.99) compacts consisting of fibers with diameters in the range of 8–10 µm have been successfully prepared by direct infiltration of commercial YSZ fibers with a cerium oxide matrix and subsequent sintering. The resulting chemically homogeneous fiber-compacts are sinter-resistant up to 1923 K and retain a high porosity of around 58 vol% and a permeability of 1.6–3.3 × 10−10 m² at a pressure gradient of 100–500 kPa. The fiber-compacts show a high potential for the application in thermochemical redox cycling due its fast redox kinetics. The first evaluation of redox kinetics shows that the relaxation time of oxidation is five times faster than that of dense samples of the same composition. The improved gas exchange due to the high porosity also allows higher reduction rates, which enable higher hydrogen yields in thermochemical water-splitting redox cycles. The presented cost-effective fiber-compact preparation method is considered very promising for manufacturing large-scale functional components for solar-thermal high-temperature reactors.

scholarly journals WS(1−x)Sex Nanoparticles Decorated Three-Dimensional Graphene on Nickel Foam: A Robust and Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Kamran Akbar ◽  
Dhanasekaran Vikraman ◽  
Rana Afzal ◽  
Wooseok Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Earth Abundant

To find an effective alternative to scarce, high-cost noble platinum (Pt) electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), researchers are pursuing inexpensive and highly efficient materials as an electrocatalyst for large scale practical application. Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising candidates for durable HER catalysts due to their cost-effective, highly active edges and Earth-abundant elements to replace Pt electrocatalysts. Herein, we design an active, stable earth-abundant TMDCs based catalyst, WS(1−x)Sex nanoparticles-decorated onto a 3D porous graphene/Ni foam. The WS(1−x)Sex/graphene/NF catalyst exhibits fast hydrogen evolution kinetics with a moderate overpotential of ~−93 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of ~51 mV dec−1, and a long cycling lifespan more than 20 h in 0.5 M sulfuric acid, which is much better than WS2/NF and WS2/graphene/NF catalysts. Our outcomes enabled a way to utilize the TMDCs decorated graphene and precious-metal-free electrocatalyst as mechanically robust and electrically conductive catalyst materials.

NiCo2O4 bricks as anode materials with high lithium storage property

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (33-34) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Youning Gong ◽  
Delong Li ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Chunxu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Lithium Storage

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel brick-like NiCo2O4 material was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared NiCo2O4 material possessed high porosity with the BET specific surface area of 58.33 m2/g, and its pore size distribution was in a range of 5-15 nm with a dominant pore diameter of 10.7 nm. The electrochemical performance of the NiCo2O4 was further investigated as anode material for lithium-ion battery. The NiCo2O4 anode possessed a high lithium storage capacity up to 2353.0 mAh/g at the current density of 100 mA/g. Even at the high rate of 1 A/g, a reversible capacity of ∼600 mAh/g was still retained, and an average discharge capacity of ∼1145 mAh/g could be recovered when the current density was reduced back to 150 mA/g. Due to the simple and cost-effective process, the NiCo2O4 bricks anode material shows great potential for further large-scale applications on the area of lithium-ion battery.

A Benchmark Comparison of Coupled and Segregated Iterative SUPG Finite Element Formulation for Incompressible Flow

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Xie ◽  
R. S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
Application Problem ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solution Efficiency ◽  
Fully Coupled

In fluid flow and heat transfer, the finite element based fully coupling solution for all conservation equations is cost effective for most of the two dimensional, isothermal problems, but suffers in the storage and solution efficiency for large three dimensional problems. The segregated solution algorithm has been designed to address large scale simulation with avoiding the direct formulation of a global matrix. There is trade-off between performing a large number of less expensive iterations by segregated solvers compared to less number of more expensive fully coupled solvers. In this paper, a Finite Element based scheme based on preconditioned GMRES coupled algorithm and SUPG (Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin) pressure prediction/correction segregated formulations have been discussed to solve the steady Navier-Stokes equations. A systematic comparison and benchmark between the segregated and fully coupled formulation has been presented to evaluate the individual benefits and strengths of the coupling and segregated procedure by studying lid-driven cavity problem and large industry application problem with respect to the system storage and solution convergence.

Demonstration of cluster computing for three-dimensional CFD simulations

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (1027) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. McMillan ◽  
M. Woodgate ◽  
B. E. Richards ◽  
B. J. Gribben ◽  
K. J. Badcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Message Passing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cluster Computing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parallel Applications ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Computing Unit

Abstract Motivated by a lack of sufficient local and national computing facilities for computational fluid dynamics simulations, the Affordable Systems Computing Unit (ASCU) was established to investigate low cost alternatives. The options considered have all involved cluster computing, a term which refers to the grouping of a number of components into a managed system capable of running both serial and parallel applications. The present work aims to demonstrate the utility of commodity processors for dedicated batch processing. The performance of the cluster has proved to be extremely cost effective, enabling large three dimensional flow simulations on a computer costing less than £25k sterling at current market prices. The experience gained on this system in terms of single node performance, message passing and parallel performance will be discussed. In particular, comparisons with the performance of other systems will be made. Several medium-large scale CFD simulations performed using the new cluster will be presented to demonstrate the potential of commodity processor based parallel computers for aerodynamic simulation.

scholarly journals A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION SYSTEM FOR UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W6 ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liang ◽  
Y. Qu ◽  
T. Cui
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Plan Evaluation ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Flight Plan ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

Nowadays UAVs has been widely used for large-scale surveying and mapping. Compared with manned aircraft, UAVs are more cost-effective and responsive. However, UAVs are usually more sensitive to wind condition, which greatly influences their positions and orientations. The flight height of a UAV is relative low, and the relief of the terrain may result in serious occlusions. Moreover, the observations acquired by the Position and Orientation System (POS) are usually less accurate than those acquired in manned aerial photogrammetry. All of these factors bring in uncertainties to UAV photogrammetry. To investigate these uncertainties, a three-dimensional simulation and visualization system has been developed. The system is demonstrated with flight plan evaluation, image matching, POS-supported direct georeferencing, and ortho-mosaicing. Experimental results show that the presented system is effective for flight plan evaluation. The generated image pairs are accurate and false matches can be effectively filtered. The presented system dynamically visualizes the results of direct georeferencing in three-dimensions, which is informative and effective for real-time target tracking and positioning. The dynamically generated orthomosaic can be used in emergency applications. The presented system has also been used for teaching theories and applications of UAV photogrammetry.

scholarly journals Global-scale brittle plastic rheology at the cometesimals merging of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (19) ◽  
pp. 10181-10187
Author(s):  
Marco Franceschi ◽  
Luca Penasa ◽  
Matteo Massironi ◽  
Giampiero Naletto ◽  
Sabrina Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comet 67P ◽  
Dextral Strike Slip ◽  
Minor Extent

Observations of comet nuclei indicate that the main constituent is a mix of ice and refractory materials characterized by high porosity (70–75%) and low bulk strength (10−4–10−6 MPa); however, the nature and physical properties of these materials remain largely unknown. By combining surface inspection of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the independent concentric sets of layers that make up the structure of its two lobes, we provide clues about the large-scale rheological behavior of the nucleus and the kinematics of the impact that originated it. Large folds in the layered structure indicate that the merging of the two cometesimals involved reciprocal motion with dextral strike–slip kinematics that bent the layers in the contact area without obliterating them. Widespread long cracks and the evidence of relevant mass loss in absence of large density variations within the comet’s body testify that large-scale deformation occurred in a brittle-plastic regime and was accommodated through folding and fracturing. Comparison of refined 3D geologic models of the lobes with triaxial ellipsoids that suitably represent the overall layers arrangement reveals characteristics that are consistent with an impact between two roughly ellipsoidal cometesimals that produced large-scale axial compression and transversal elongation. The observed features imply global transfer of impact-related shortening into transversal strain. These elements delineate a model for the global rheology of cometesimals that could be possible evoking a prominent bonding action of ice and, to a minor extent, organics.

Integration of NuScale SMR With Desalination Technologies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Ingersoll ◽  
Z. J. Houghton ◽  
R. Bromm ◽  
C. Desportes
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
New Generation

Nuclear energy plants are attractive energy source for large scale water desalination since the thermal energy produced in a nuclear reactor can provide both electricity and steam to desalt water without the production of greenhouse gases. A particularly attractive option is to couple a desalination plant with the new generation of nuclear plant designs: small modular reactors (SMR). This allows regions with smaller electrical grids and limited infrastructure to add new electrical and water capacity in more appropriate increments and allows countries to consider siting plants at a broader range of distributed locations. The NuScale SMR plant design is especially well suited for the co-generation of electricity and desalted water. The enhanced safety, improved affordability, and deployment flexibilities of the NuScale design provide a cost-effective approach to expanding global desalination capacity. Parametric studies have been performed to evaluate technical options for coupling a NuScale plant to a variety of different desalination technologies. An economic comparison of these options was performed for each of the different desalination technologies coupled to an appropriately sized NuScale plant capable of providing sufficient carbon-free electricity and clean water to support a city of 300,000 people.

scholarly journals Elastic Three-Dimensional Graphene Sponge Fabricated by the Liquid Crystals of Controlled Large Graphene Oxide Sheets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuli Wei ◽  
Anaerguli Wufuer ◽  
Meisong Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Liyi Dai
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Graphene Sponge ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Facile Fabrication ◽  
Graphene Oxide Sheets

Three-dimensional graphene (3DG) sponge has attracted increasing attention because it combines the unique properties of cellular materials and the excellent performance of graphene. The preparation of 3DG sponge depends mainly on the self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets. Here, we demonstrate facile fabrication of 3DG sponge with a large-scale and ordered porous structure, exploiting the liquid crystals of large graphene oxide (LGO) and ultralarge graphene oxide (ULGO) sheets. The resulting materials exhibit a low density, high porosity and elasticity. Our work explores a new strategy for organizing the ordered alignment of controlled large GO sheets and exploring the relationship between the microstructures and mechanical properties of 3DG sponge.

scholarly journals Crack engineering for the construction of arbitrary hierarchical architectures

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (48) ◽  
pp. 23909-23914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanbo Li ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Kentaro Mochizuki ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Biomimetic Materials ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Elastic Crack ◽  
The Cost

Three-dimensional hierarchical morphologies widely exist in natural and biomimetic materials, which impart preferential functions including liquid and mass transport, energy conversion, and signal transmission for various applications. While notable progress has been made in the design and manufacturing of various hierarchical materials, the state-of-the-art approaches suffer from limited materials selection, high costs, as well as low processing throughput. Herein, by harnessing the configurable elastic crack engineering—controlled formation and configuration of cracks in elastic materials—an effect normally avoided in various industrial processes, we report the development of a facile and powerful technique that enables the faithful transfer of arbitrary hierarchical structures with broad material compatibility and structural and functional integrity. Our work paves the way for the cost-effective, large-scale production of a variety of flexible, inexpensive, and transparent 3D hierarchical and biomimetic materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document