scholarly journals Standards for Cyber-Physical Energy Systems—Two Case Studies from Sensor Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Krutwig ◽  
Bernhard Kölmel ◽  
Adrian Tantau ◽  
Kejo Starosta
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operational Energy

Cyber-physical energy systems (CPES) describe a specialization of the cyber-physical system concept, in which energy systems are transformed into intelligent energy networks. These systems provide the basis for the realization of smart microgrids and smart grids. In the last decade, numerous research projects have intensively explored the fundamentals and modeling of CPES and validated them in pilot projects. In the meantime, more and more CPES solutions have been appearing on the market and the battle for the most suitable standards has begun. This paper gives an overview of the currently available standards for CPES sensor technologies and assesses the suitability for implementation. In two case studies in the application area of operational energy management in German companies, a sensor retrofitting is described—once with proprietary technology and once using the standards Long Range (LoRa) Wide Area Network and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). As a result, the shortcomings of the standards for their use in CPES are shown and discussed. OPC UA, which was originally developed for the manufacturing industry, turns out to be to be a suitable standard for a wide range of CPES implementations.

Friction Torque and Leakage Based Data-Driven Approach for Rotary Seal Prognostics in Manufacturing Industry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumitha Ramachandran ◽  
Zahed Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Friction Torque ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Direct Estimation ◽  
Rotary Seal ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Rotary seals are found in many manufacturing equipment and machines used for various applications under a wide range of operating conditions. Rotary seal failure can be catastrophic and can lead to costly downtime and large expenses; so it is extremely important to assess the degradation of rotary seal to avoid fatal breakdown of machineries. Physics-based rotary seal prognostics require direct estimation of different physical parameters to assess the degradation of seals. Data-driven prognostics utilizing sensor technology and computational capabilities can aid in the in-direct estimation of rotary seals’ running condition unlike the physics-based approach. An important aspect of data-driven prognostics is to collect appropriate data in order to reduce the cost and time associated with the data collection, storage and computation. Seals in machineries operate in harsh conditions, especially in the oil field, seals are exposed to harsh environment and aggressive fluids which gradually reduces the elastic modulus and hardness of seals, resulting in lower friction torque and excessive leakage. Therefore, in this study we implement a data-driven prognostics approach which utilizes friction torque and leakage signals along with Multilayer Perceptron as a classifier to compare the performance of the two metrics in classifying the running condition of rotary seals. Friction torque was found to have a better performance than leakage in terms of differentiating the running condition of rotary seals throughout its service life. Although this approach was designed for seals in oil and gas industry, this approach can be implemented in any manufacturing industry with similar applications.

scholarly journals Data-Centric Communication Framework for Multicast IEC 61850 Routable GOOSE Messages over the WAN in Modern Power Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek A. Youssef ◽  
Mohammad Mahmoudian Esfahani ◽  
Osama Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Communication Framework ◽  
Data Distribution Service ◽  
Florida International University

In this paper, a data-centric communication framework is proposed for multicast routable generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) messages (MRGM) over the wide area network (WAN) for effective substation-to-substation (SS2SS) and substation to control center (SS2CC) communications. In this structure, the IEC 61850 GOOSE message is transmitted over the WAN using the data distribution service (DDS) as a fast, reliable, and secure data-centric communication middleware. The main feature of this framework is its multicast capability, where several authorized subscribers can receive a published message simultaneously. This can significantly improve the system monitoring and control of the protection systems in modern smart grids, where intelligent schemes can be applied. The effectiveness of the proposed platform, in terms of total end-to-end delay between participants, is evaluated through experimental results obtained from the actual hardware-based test setup developed at the Florida International University (FIU) smart grid testbed. The results demonstrate that the latency between sending and receiving a GOOSE message among participants is within its maximum time span defined by the IEC 61850-90-5 working group for communications over the WAN.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Class B LoRaWAN for the Coordination of Distributed Interface Protection Systems in Smart Grids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pasetti ◽  
Emiliano Sisinni ◽  
Paolo Ferrari ◽  
Stefano Rinaldi ◽  
Alessandro Depari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Class B ◽  
Maximum Response Time

The adoption of the distributed generation paradigm is introducing several changes in the design and operation of modern distribution networks. Modern grid codes are becoming more and more complex, and the adoption of smart protection systems is becoming mandatory. However, the adoption of newer and smarter units is only half of the story. Proper communication networks must be provided as well, and the overall costs may become critical. In this work, the adoption of the Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology is suggested as a viable approach to implement the coordination of Interface Protection Systems. A proper communication architecture based on the LoRaWAN Class B technology was proposed and evaluated in order to assess its feasibility for the considered application. A scalability analysis was carried out, by computing the number of devices that can be handled by a single LoRaWAN Gateway (GW) and the maximum expected time of response between a triggering event and the arrival of the related coordination command. The results of the study showed that up to 312 devices can be managed by a single GW, by assuring a maximum response time of 22.95 s. A faster maximum response time of 6.2 s is also possible by reducing the number of managed devices to 12.

Simulation analysis of data processing activities in Compact Muon Solenoid physics

SIMULATION ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438-1455
Author(s):  
Ciprian Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Compact Muon Solenoid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Network Bandwidth ◽  
Wide Range

The scale, complexity and worldwide geographical spread of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) computing and data analysis problems are unprecedented in scientific research. The complexity of processing and accessing this data is increased substantially by the size and global span of the major experiments, combined with the limited wide-area network bandwidth available. This paper discusses the latest generation of the MONARC (MOdels of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers) simulation framework, as a design and modeling tool for large-scale distributed systems applied to high-energy physics experiments. We present a simulation study designed to evaluate the capabilities of the current real-world distributed infrastructures deployed to support existing LHC physics analysis processes and the means by which the experiments band together to meet the technical challenges posed by the storage, access and computing requirements of LHC data analysis. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment, in particular, uses a general-purpose detector to investigate a wide range of physics. We present a simulation study designed to evaluate the capability of its underlying distributed processing infrastructure to support the physics analysis processes. The results, made possible by the MONARC model, demonstrate that the LHC infrastructures are well suited to support the data processes envisioned by the CMS computing model.

scholarly journals LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat S. Chaudhari ◽  
Marco Zennaro ◽  
Suresh Borkar
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Interference Management ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Wide Range

Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a promising solution for long range and low power Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) communication applications. This paper focuses on defining a systematic and powerful approach of identifying the key characteristics of such applications, translating them into explicit requirements, and then deriving the associated design considerations. LPWANs are resource-constrained networks and are primarily characterized by long battery life operation, extended coverage, high capacity, and low device and deployment costs. These characteristics translate into a key set of requirements including M2M traffic management, massive capacity, energy efficiency, low power operations, extended coverage, security, and interworking. The set of corresponding design considerations is identified in terms of two categories, desired or expected ones and enhanced ones, which reflect the wide range of characteristics associated with LPWAN-based applications. Prominent design constructs include admission and user traffic management, interference management, energy saving modes of operation, lightweight media access control (MAC) protocols, accurate location identification, security coverage techniques, and flexible software re-configurability. Topological and architectural options for interconnecting LPWAN entities are discussed. The major proprietary and standards-based LPWAN technology solutions available in the marketplace are presented. These include Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and long term evolution (LTE)-M, among others. The relevance of upcoming cellular 5G technology and its complementary relationship with LPWAN technology are also discussed.

Performance assessment of a low power wide area network in rural smart grids

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Barriquello ◽  
Daniel P. Bernardon ◽  
Luciane Neves Canha ◽  
Flavio E. Soares e Silva ◽  
Daniel Sperb Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network

scholarly journals State description of cyber-physical energy systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Klaes ◽  
Anand Narayan ◽  
Amit Dilip Patil ◽  
Jonas Haack ◽  
Martin Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
System State ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
State Classification ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Ict System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The integration of ICT into power systems has increased the interdependencies between the two systems. The operation of power system depends on several ICT-enabled grid services which manifest the interdependencies. ENTSO-E system state classification is a tool that is widely used by operators to determine the current operational state of the power system. However, it does not adequately describe the impact of ICT disturbances on the operation of the power system. Despite their interconnections, the operational states of both systems have been described separately so far. This paper bridges the well-established ENTSO-E systems state classification with an ICT system state classification, forming a new model considering the state classification of the ICT-enabled grid services. The model is developed by first identifying the ICT-enabled services, remedial actions and the respective performance requirements that are required by the power system. Then the states of these services are specified based on the supporting ICT system. The resulting joint state description shows how performance degradation of ICT-enabled services (introduced by disturbances) can affect the operation of the interconnected power system. Two case studies of such ICT-enabled services, namely state estimation and on-load tap changer control, are investigated in terms of how their operational states affect the states of the power system. A third case study highlights the interdependencies that exist between the services. These case studies demonstrate the interdependencies that exist between power and ICT systems in modern cyber-physical energy systems, thus highlighting the usage of a unified system state description.

scholarly journals A Multi-Layer LoRaWAN Infrastructure for Smart Waste Management

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2600
Author(s):  
David Baldo ◽  
Alessandro Mecocci ◽  
Stefano Parrino ◽  
Giacomo Peruzzi ◽  
Alessandro Pozzebon
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Learning Capabilities ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
Task Systems

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has rapidly become one of the key enabling technologies for the development of Internet of Things (IoT) architectures. A wide range of different solutions relying on this communication technology can be found in the literature: nevertheless, the most part of these architectures focus on single task systems. Conversely, the aim of this paper is to present the architecture of a LoRaWAN infrastructure gathering under the same network different typologies of services within one of the most significant sub-systems of the Smart City ecosystem (i.e., the Smart Waste Management). The proposed architecture exploits the whole range of different LoRaWAN classes, integrating nodes of growing complexity according to the different functions. The lowest level of this architecture is occupied by smart bins that simply collect data about their status. Moving on to upper levels, smart drop-off containers allow the interaction with users as well as the implementation of asynchronous downlink queries. At the top level, Video Surveillance Units (VSUs) are provided with machine learning capabilities for the detection of the presence of fire nearby bins or drop-off containers, thus fully implementing the Edge Computing paradigm. The proposed network infrastructure and its subsystems have been tested in a laboratory and in the field. This study has enhanced the readiness level of the proposed technology to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 3.

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