scholarly journals Genome Size Unaffected by Variation in Morphological Traits, Temperature, and Precipitation in Turnip

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyo Basak ◽  
Xudong Sun ◽  
Guangyan Wang ◽  
Yongping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Organismal Complexity

Genome size (GS) was proposed as proxy for gross phenotypic and environmental changes in plants. GS organismal complexity is an enigma in evolutionary biology. While studies pertaining to intraspecific GS variation are abundant, literatures reporting the adaptive significance of GS are largelymissing. During food shortage, Brassica rapa var. rapa (turnip) is used as food and fodder for sustaining the livelihood of residents in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which is also known as “the roof of the world”. Thus, climatic extremities make this region a natural environment to test adaptive significance of GS variation in turnip landraces. Therefore, from the QTP and its adjacent regions (the Hengduanshan and the Himalayas), we investigated adaptive evolution of GS in turnip landraces. Tuber diameter of turnip landraces was found to be significantly correlated with most of the environmental factors. GS was also shown not to be associated with morphological traits, temperature, and precipitation. Moreover, principal component analyses based on the whole dataset trisected the landraces into three distinct populations based on landrace usage—Hengduanshan, QTP, and the Himalayas. Nonetheless, our cumulative dataset showed evidence of adaptation of turnip landrace to different environments throughnonassociated genomic and phenomic plasticity.

Cambrian series 3 agnostoid trilobites Ptychagnostus sinicus and Ptychagnostus atavus from the Machari Formation, Yeongwol Group, Taebaeksan Basin, Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Hong ◽  
Duck K. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Taebaeksan Basin ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Machari Formation ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis paper reports the successive occurrence of Ptychagnostus sinicus Lu, 1957 and Ptychagnostus atavus (Tullberg, 1880) from the lower part of the Machari Formation, Yeongwol Group, Korea. Morphometric approaches of using the landmark and principal component analyses make it possible to differentiate P. sinicus from P. atavus with clarity: pygidia of P. sinicus have a relatively narrow M1, a transverse F2, and a weakly developed M2 tubercle, whereas those of P. atavus are characterized by a broadly arching M1, a chevron-shaped F2, and a prominent M2 tubercle. Recognition of P. atavus, for the first time in Korea, allows the determination of the base of the Drumian Stage in Korea and aids correlation with other parts of the world.

Analysis of function in the absence of extant functional homologues: a case study using mesotheriid notoungulates (Mammalia)

Paleobiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Shockey ◽  
Darin A. Croft ◽  
Federico Anaya
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Estimating Function ◽  
Analog Method ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Analysis Of Function ◽  
Functional Homologues ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

We use two approaches to test hypotheses regarding function in a group of extinct mammals (Family Mesotheriidae, Order Notoungulata) that lack any close extant relatives: a principle-derived paradigm method and empirically derived analog method. Metric and discrete morphological traits of mesotheriid postcranial elements are found to be consistent with the morphology predicted by a modified version of Hildebrand's paradigm for scratch diggers. Ratios of in-force to out-force lever arms based on skeletal elements indicate that the mesotheriids examined had limbs modified for high out-forces (i.e., they were “low geared”), consistent with the digging hypothesis. Other mesotheriid characters, such as cleft ungual phalanges, a curved olecranon, and a highly modified pelvis (with extra vertebrae incorporated into the sacrum and fusion between the ischium and the axial skeleton) are regarded as being functionally significant for digging and also occur in a variety of extant diggers. Analog methods indicate that mesotheriids share numerous traits common to a variety of extant diggers. Principal component analyses of postcranial elements indicate that mesotheriids consistently share morphometric space with larger extant fossorial mammals: aardvark, anteaters, wombats, and badger. Likewise, discriminant function analyses categorized mesotheriids as fossorial, though imperfectly analogous to the extant diggers analyzed. Thus, both theory-driven and empirically derived methods of estimating function in these extinct taxa support a digging hypothesis for the mesotheriids examined. Adaptations for digging in both the forelimb and sacropelvic functional complexes of mesotheriids provide independent support for the fossorial hypothesis.

Enhancing the detection of buried anthropogenic features thought a cloud-computing Python procedure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Brandolini ◽  
Guillem Domingo-Ribas ◽  
Andrea Zerboni ◽  
Sam Turner
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Po Plain ◽  
The World

<p>The necessity of sustainable development for landscapes has emerged as an important theme in recent decades. Moreover, past landscape reconstruction enables a better understanding of human resilience to climatic and environmental changes in different periods and locations, and illustrates examples of sustainable development in the past. Free and open-source (FOSS) datasets of satellite imagery offer considerable opportunities for landscape heritage stakeholders both for recording and monitoring activities. In this research, a completely FOSS-cloud procedure to enhance the detection of palaeo-landscape features is presented. Sentinel - 2 satellite imagery has been retrieved in the Google Earth Engine dataset collection and analysed through a Python script code realized in Google Colaboratory. A multi-temporal approach has been adopted to investigate the potential of satellite imagery to detect buried features along with Spectral Index (i.e., RGB, False Short Wave Infrared Colour and Bare Soil Index) and Spectral Decomposition analysis (i.e., Hue, Saturation and Value, Tasselled Cap Transformation and Principal Component Analysis). This procedure has been tested in the Po Plain (Northern Italy), chosen because it is characterized by human-landscape interaction since the Mid-Holocene. Thanks to its complex settlement and land-management history, the Po Plain represents an ideal laboratory to assess the potentiality of satellite imagery to enhance riverscapes’ palaeo-features.  The outputs obtained can be visualized directly in the Google Colaboratory browser or downloaded via Google Drive for further graphical applications or spatial analysis. The buried features detected have been checked through the available geomorphological and archaeological literature; published case studies interpreting the occurrence of buried features served as a benchmark to validate the script code developed. This research represents one of the first applications of the GEE Python API in landscape studies. The main advantages of this procedure consist of: i) being FOSS, all the software used here are open-licensed; ii) working in cloud, no powerful hardware is necessary to run the script code; iii) high adaptability, changing the ROI is possible to calculate SI and SD outputs for any area of the world; iv) very basic coding skills are required to adapt the code to a ROI with different environmental characteristics. The development of FOSS-cloud procedures could support the identification, conservation and management of cultural and natural heritage anywhere around the world. In remote areas or where local heritage is threatened as a result of political instability, climate change or other factors, FOSS-cloud protocols can facilitate the application of new scientific methods and enable the dissemination of and access to scientific information.</p>

Dietary and living regimen of covid-19 with special reference to Ayurveda Varsha and Sharad Ritucharya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Amit Biswas ◽  
KunalChandankhede
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Individual Disease ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Wuhan originated Covid-19 disease is caused by SARC-COV 2 virus. It is a contagious disease it spread all over the world. World health organization declared a global pandemic disease. In Covid-19 immunity plays an important role. In old age people or having other co-morbid conditions the mortality rate is more. Ayurveda has a big role in improved immunity or to intact immunity. The principle of Ayurveda is to keep individual swastha (diseases free). To maintain individual disease-free Ritucharya is one of the important subjects of Ayurveda. Aimed of study is to find out Ritucharya literature from the Ayurveda and modern research specifically Varsha and Sharad ritu. Ritucharya contains dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine, and contraindicated things those changing according to environmental change. Upcoming season in India is Varsha and Sharad ritu. Environmental changes are huge in this season and it directly affected human beings. So this study reveals property of ritu, dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine and contraindicated things in upcoming varsha and sharad ritu.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Response of European Larch Provenances to Interannual Climate Variation in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Norbert Szymański ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Elements

The present study identified the similarities and differences in the radial growth responses of 20 provenances of 51-year-old European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees from Poland to the climatic conditions at three provenance trials situated in the Polish lowlands (Siemianice), uplands (Bliżyn) and mountains (Krynica). A chronology of radial growth indices was developed for each of 60 European larch populations, which highlighted the interannual variations in the climate-mediated radial growth of their trees. With the aid of principal component, correlation and multiple regression analysis, supra-regional climatic elements were identified to which all the larch provenances reacted similarly at all three provenance trials. They increased the radial growth in years with a short, warm and precipitation-rich winter; a cool and humid summer and when high precipitation in late autumn of the previous year was noted. Moreover, other climatic elements were identified to which two groups of the larch provenances reacted differently at each provenance trial. In the lowland climate, the provenances reacted differently to temperature in November to December of the previous year and July and to precipitation in September. In the upland climate, the provenances differed in growth sensitivity to precipitation in October of the previous year and June–September. In the mountain climate, the provenances responded differently to temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year and to precipitation in February, June and September of the year of tree ring formation. The results imply that both climatic factors and origin (genotype), i.e., the genetic factor, mediate the climate–growth relationships of larch provenances.

scholarly journals Fast diffusion kurtosis mapping of human brain at 7 Tesla with hybrid principal component analyses

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Fangrong Zong ◽  
Jiaxin Du ◽  
Xiaofeng Deng ◽  
Xubin Chai ◽  
Yan Zhuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
7 Tesla ◽  
Fast Diffusion ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

scholarly journals Jumbo Phages: A Comparative Genomic Overview of Core Functions and Adaptions for Biological Conflicts

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Lakshminarayan M. Iyer ◽  
Vivek Anantharaman ◽  
Arunkumar Krishnan ◽  
A. Maxwell Burroughs ◽  
L. Aravind
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Rna Repair ◽  
Cellular Life ◽  
Rna Targeting ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Comparative Genomics Analysis ◽  
Phage Proteins ◽  
Novel Protein

Jumbo phages have attracted much attention by virtue of their extraordinary genome size and unusual aspects of biology. By performing a comparative genomics analysis of 224 jumbo phages, we suggest an objective inclusion criterion based on genome size distributions and present a synthetic overview of their manifold adaptations across major biological systems. By means of clustering and principal component analysis of the phyletic patterns of conserved genes, all known jumbo phages can be classified into three higher-order groups, which include both myoviral and siphoviral morphologies indicating multiple independent origins from smaller predecessors. Our study uncovers several under-appreciated or unreported aspects of the DNA replication, recombination, transcription and virion maturation systems. Leveraging sensitive sequence analysis methods, we identify novel protein-modifying enzymes that might help hijack the host-machinery. Focusing on host–virus conflicts, we detect strategies used to counter different wings of the bacterial immune system, such as cyclic nucleotide- and NAD+-dependent effector-activation, and prevention of superinfection during pseudolysogeny. We reconstruct the RNA-repair systems of jumbo phages that counter the consequences of RNA-targeting host effectors. These findings also suggest that several jumbo phage proteins provide a snapshot of the systems found in ancient replicons preceding the last universal ancestor of cellular life.

scholarly journals Genome size correlates with reproductive fitness in seed beetles

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1815) ◽  
pp. 20151421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Arnqvist ◽  
Ahmed Sayadi ◽  
Elina Immonen ◽  
Cosima Hotzy ◽  
Daniel Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Correlated Evolution ◽  
Seed Beetles

The ultimate cause of genome size (GS) evolution in eukaryotes remains a major and unresolved puzzle in evolutionary biology. Large-scale comparative studies have failed to find consistent correlations between GS and organismal properties, resulting in the ‘ C -value paradox’. Current hypotheses for the evolution of GS are based either on the balance between mutational events and drift or on natural selection acting upon standing genetic variation in GS. It is, however, currently very difficult to evaluate the role of selection because within-species studies that relate variation in life-history traits to variation in GS are very rare. Here, we report phylogenetic comparative analyses of GS evolution in seed beetles at two distinct taxonomic scales, which combines replicated estimation of GS with experimental assays of life-history traits and reproductive fitness. GS showed rapid and bidirectional evolution across species, but did not show correlated evolution with any of several indices of the relative importance of genetic drift. Within a single species, GS varied by 4–5% across populations and showed positive correlated evolution with independent estimates of male and female reproductive fitness. Collectively, the phylogenetic pattern of GS diversification across and within species in conjunction with the pattern of correlated evolution between GS and fitness provide novel support for the tenet that natural selection plays a key role in shaping GS evolution.

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