scholarly journals Underwater Laser Treatment of PET: Effect of Processing Parameters on Surface Morphology and Chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Siegel ◽  
Pavla Šuláková ◽  
Markéta Kaimlová ◽  
Václav Švorčík ◽  
Tomáš Hubáček
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Laser Efficiency ◽  
Underwater Laser

Rapid development of nanotechnology in processes of metal nanoparticle immobilization on solid surfaces, especially polymeric ones, requires the study of particular issues within these complex approaches. Numerous studies have been published on laser light mediated manipulation with single metal nanoparticles in water environment and even laser assisted immobilization of such particles on polymeric substrate, however, not much has been reported on fundamentals of underwater laser processing of polymer itself, especially regarding to resulting surface morphology and chemistry. In this work, we study surface morphology (atomic force microscopy (AFM)) and chemistry (angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS)) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) after underwater laser treatment in broad scale of applied laser fluencies and operating voltages. Due to typical dependence of laser efficiency on operating voltage, induced nanostructures on PET exhibited a noticeable symmetry spread out around the maxima of laser efficiency for low laser fluencies. The study of surface chemistry revealed that at high laser fluencies, photochemical decomposition of macromolecular polymer structure took place, resulting in rapid material ablation and in balanced chemical composition of the surface throughout the studied profile. Enrichment of the water bath by the low-molecular polymer degradation products proves that ablation mechanism is the governing process of surface nanostructure formation in underwater laser processing.

scholarly journals Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen: The New Perspective in Photo-Degradation of Organic Pollution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Feng ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Qingsong Wang ◽  
mengsi chem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission

<p>Both the variety and uniqueness of organic semiconductors has contributed to the rapid development of environmental engineering applications and renewable fuel production, typified by photo-degradation of organic pollutants or water splitting. This paper presents a rare example of an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) as a highly efficient photo-catalyst for pollutant decomposition in an environmentally relevant application. Under irradiation, the tetraphenylethene-based AIEgen (TPE-Ca) exhibited high photo-degradation efficiency of up to 98.7% of Rhodaminein (RhB) in aqueous solution. The possible photocatalytic mechanism was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, electrochemistry, thermal imaging technology, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC/HDMS), as well as by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated that the final photo-catalytic degradation products show biocompatibility. Among the many diverse AIEgens, this is the first AIEgen to be developed as a photo-catalyster of organic pollutants. This research will open up new avenues for AIEgens research, particularly for applications of environmental relevance.</p>

scholarly journals Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen: The New Perspective in Photo-Degradation of Organic Pollution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Feng ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Zhen Hu ◽  
Qingsong Wang ◽  
mengsi chem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission

<p>Both the variety and uniqueness of organic semiconductors has contributed to the rapid development of environmental engineering applications and renewable fuel production, typified by photo-degradation of organic pollutants or water splitting. This paper presents a rare example of an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) as a highly efficient photo-catalyst for pollutant decomposition in an environmentally relevant application. Under irradiation, the tetraphenylethene-based AIEgen (TPE-Ca) exhibited high photo-degradation efficiency of up to 98.7% of Rhodaminein (RhB) in aqueous solution. The possible photocatalytic mechanism was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, electrochemistry, thermal imaging technology, ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high-definition mass spectrometry (UPLC/HDMS), as well as by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated that the final photo-catalytic degradation products show biocompatibility. Among the many diverse AIEgens, this is the first AIEgen to be developed as a photo-catalyster of organic pollutants. This research will open up new avenues for AIEgens research, particularly for applications of environmental relevance.</p>

Enzymes and Their Forms Used in Detection of Organophosphorus Compounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Еnzymes are able to effectively interact with various organophosphorus compounds (OPC), entering into (bio)chemical reactions with them. Changes in the initial activity of enzymes as a result of their inhibition by OPC, the formation of OPC degradation products under the action of hydrolytic enzymes, etc. can be determined using different physical and chemical methods and used in bioanalytic systems to determine the concentrations of OPC. The purpose of the review is to analyze the main scientific results achieved over the past 10 years in the development of analytical systems based on enzymes intended for the determination of OPC. It is shown in the article, that the requirements for the sensitivity of biosensors are based on the norms of the content of the analyzed substances detected in/at the objects of mandatory control. The cholinesterases compose a basis for the development of the largest number of ultra-sensitive biosensors, although other enzymes can be successfully used as a biosensitive element. The most technologically advanced solution that is close to the practical implementation seems to be bioanalytical systems using immobilized enzymes. Improving the detection limits of the OPC can be achieved by using nanoobjects together with modern methods of signal transducers, for example, with nanomechanical detectors and signal converters. This combination of technical solutions ensures the sensitivity of the OPC analysis up to pg/l. At present, «reagentless» systems have received significant development, which have become the basis for the production of a large number of commercially available strips for the express determination of OPC. Modern demands stimulate the rapid development of portable and, especially, wearable biosensors that can be attached to various surfaces, including a clothing. The progress in the development of affine amino acid sequences, in the future, will allow the creation of enzyme biosensors on any surface.

Laser Modification of Leather and Fur Surface to Improve Its Quality when Conducting Finishing Operations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Akmal Yusupovich TOSHEV ◽  
Mariya Ivanovna MARKEVICH ◽  
Tulkin Jumayevich KODIROV ◽  
Valentina Illarionovna ZHURAVLEVA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Laser Modification ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Configuration Changes

The article discusses the problems of activation of the surface of the leather tissue by laser exposure, changes in the morphology of the surface of the leather tissue during laser processing, and subsequent covering dyeing of the leather. It is shown that laser treatment changes the structure of the surface of the leather tissue, the bundles of collagen fibers are split, the structure becomes loose, which increases the diffusion of the coating dye reagents, and their reactivity increases without chemical modification. In the process of grinding leather fabric, it is finely cleaned which improves adhesion of the coating paint to the surface of the leather fabric, which improves the quality of leather fabric products. It was shown that laser exposure under the conditions found (pulses with an interval of 3 μs, a duration of 10 ns) does not cause destruction and configuration changes in collagen.

scholarly journals Improving the Performance of Zn-Air Batteries with N-Doped Electroexfoliated Graphene

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ilnicka ◽  
Malgorzata Skorupska ◽  
Piotr Romanowski ◽  
Piotr Kamedulski ◽  
Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Energy Storage Devices

The constantly growing demand for active, durable, and low-cost electrocatalysts usable in energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors or electrodes in metal-air batteries, has triggered the rapid development of heteroatom-doped carbon materials, which would, among other things, exhibit high catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this article, a method of synthesizing nitrogen-doped graphene is proposed. Few-layered graphene sheets (FL-graphene) were prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of commercial graphite in a Na2SO4 electrolyte with added calcium carbonate as a separator of newly-exfoliated FL-graphene sheets. Exfoliated FL-graphene was impregnated with a suspension of green algae used as a nitrogen carrier. Impregnated FL-graphene was carbonized at a high temperature under the flow of nitrogen. The N-doped FL-graphene was characterized through instrumental methods: high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical performance was determined using cyclic voltamperometry and linear sweep voltamperometry to check catalytic activity in ORR. The N-doped electroexfoliated FL-graphene obeyed the four-electron transfer pathways, leading us to further test these materials as electrode components in rechargeable zinc-air batteries. The obtained results for Zn-air batteries are very important for future development of industry, because the proposed graphene electrode materials do not contain any heavy and noble metals in their composition.

The Influence of Metal Nanoparticle Size Distribution in Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (34) ◽  
pp. 7856-7861 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Minati ◽  
G. Speranza ◽  
L. Calliari ◽  
V. Micheli ◽  
A. Baranov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Nanoparticle Size ◽  
Nanoparticle Size Distribution

Unexpected Pyramid Texturization of n-Type Ge (100) via Electrochemical Etching: Bridging Surface Chemistry and Morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Graniel Harne A. Abrenica ◽  
Mikhail V. Lebedev ◽  
Hy Le ◽  
Andreas Hajduk ◽  
Mathias Fingerle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Electrochemical Etching ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Etching Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

We report on the (electro) chemical etching behavior, surface morphology and composition of n-type Ge (100) in acidic halide solutions using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The use of an integrated (electro) chemical etching chamber connected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instrument to exclude the effect of oxygen from atmosphere is highlighted.

scholarly journals Functionalization of Neutral Polypropylene by Using Low Pressure Plasma Treatment: Effects on Surface Characteristics and Adhesion Properties

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mandolfino ◽  
Enrico Lertora ◽  
Carla Gambaro ◽  
Marco Pizzorni
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Low Pressure Plasma

Polyolefins are considered among the most difficult polymeric materials to treat because they have poor adhesive properties and high chemical barrier responses. In this paper, an in-depth study is reported for the low pressure plasma (LPP) treatment of neutral polypropylene to improve adhesion properties. Changes in wettability, chemical species, surface morphology and roughness of the polypropylene surfaces were evaluated by water contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and, furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, the bonded joints were subjected to tensile tests, in order to evaluate the practical effect of changes in adhesion properties. The results indicate that plasma is an effective treatment for the surface preparation of polypropylene for the creation of bonded joints: contact angles decreased significantly depending on the plasma-parameter setup, surface morphology was also found to vary with plasma power, exposure time and working gas.

Effect of Deposited Angle on Structure and Surface Morphology of Fluorocarbon Films Deposited by Pulsed Plasma Thruster

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Jian Jun Wu ◽  
Dai Xian Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zhen He
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pulsed Plasma ◽  
Fluorocarbon Films ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Pulsed Plasma Thruster ◽  
Plasma Thruster ◽  
Probe Microscope ◽  
Deposited Films

A series of fluorocarbon films were deposited on glass substrates by Pulsed Plasma Thruster. The effects of deposited angle on chemical structure and surface morphology of these films were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning probe microscope (SPM). XPS data imply various carbon-related chemical components present on the surface of the deposited films are strongly impacted by the deposited angle. AFM measurements show that the increase in deposited angle can smoothen the surface morphology and decrease the RMS roughness. Changes in density of the neutral particle and flux of ions that reach the surface affect the formation of fluorocarbon clusters in the films and reduce surface roughness.

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