scholarly journals Indoor Building Reconstruction from Occluded Point Clouds Using Graph-Cut and Ray-Tracing

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Previtali ◽  
Lucía Díaz-Vilariño ◽  
Marco Scaioni
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Outdoor Scenes ◽  
Complex Building ◽  
Tracing Algorithm ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Indoor Reconstruction

Despite the increasing demand of updated and detailed indoor models, indoor reconstruction from point clouds is still in an early stage in comparison with the reconstruction of outdoor scenes. Specific challenges are related to the complex building layouts and the high presence of elements such as pieces of furniture causing clutter and occlusions. This work proposes an automatic method for modelling Manhattan-World indoors acquired with a mobile laser scanner in the presence of highly occluded walls. The core of the methodology is the transformation of indoor reconstruction into a labelling problem of structural cells in a 2D floor plan. Assuming the prevalence of orthogonal intersections between walls, indoor completion is formulated as an energy minimization problem using graph cuts. Doors and windows are detected from occlusions by implementing a ray-tracing algorithm. The methodology is tested in a real case study. Except for one window partially covered by a curtain, all building elements were successfully reconstructed.

scholarly journals The city model as a tool for participatory urban planning – a case study: The Bilotti open air museum of Cosenza

2014 ◽  
Vol II-5 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
S. Artese
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
City Model ◽  
The City ◽  
Citizen’S Participation

The paper describes the implementation of the 3D city model of the pedestrian area of Cosenza, which in recent years has become the Bilotti Open Air Museum (MAB). For this purpose were used both the data available (regional technical map, city maps, orthophotos) and acquired through several surveys of buildings and "Corso Mazzini" street (photos, topographic measurements, laser scanner point clouds). In addition to the urban scale model, the survey of the statues of the MAB was carried out. By means of data processing, the models of the same statues have been created, that can be used as objects within the city model. <br><br> The 3D model of the MAB open air museum has been used to implement a Web-GIS allowing the citizen's participation, understanding and suggestions. The 3D city model is intended as a new tool for urban planning, therefore it has been used both for representing the current situation of the MAB and for design purposes, by acknowledging suggestions regarding a possible different location of the statues and a new way to enjoy the museum.

scholarly journals AUGMENTED REALITY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE: THE REBIRTH OF A HISTORICAL SQUARE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
A. Scianna ◽  
G. F. Gaglio ◽  
M. La Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Study Case ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Architectural Barriers

Abstract. The case study, faced in this paper, arises in the context of Interreg Italia-Malta European project named I-Access, dedicated to the improvement of accessibility to Cultural Heritage (CH). Accessibility considered not only as the demolition of physical architectural barriers, but also as the possibility of fruition of CH through technological tools that can increase its perception and knowledge. Last achievements in photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) technology offered new methods of data acquisition in the field of CH, giving the possibility of monitoring and processing big data, in the form of point clouds. Ever in this field, reverse engineering techniques and computer graphics are even more used for involving visitors to discover CH, with navigation into 3D reconstructions, empowering the real visualization adding further 3D information through the Augmented Reality (AR). At the same time, recent advances on rapid prototyping technologies grant the automated 3D printing of scaled 3D model reconstructions of real CH elements allowing the tactile fruition of visitors that suffer from visual defects and the connection with 3D AR visualizations. The presented work shows how these technologies could revive an historical square, the Piazza Garraffo in Palermo (Italy), with the virtual insertion of its baroque fountain, originally placed there. The final products of this work are an indoor and an outdoor AR mobile application, that allow the visualization of the historical original asset of the square. This study case shows how the mixing of AR and the rapid prototyping technologies could be useful for the improvement of the fruition of CH. This work could be considered a multidisciplinary experimentation, where different technologies, today still in development, contribute to the same goal aimed at improving the accessibility of the monument for enhancing the fruition of CH.

scholarly journals Rockfall monitoring by Terrestrial Laser Scanning – case study of the basaltic rock face at Castellfollit de la Roca (Catalonia, Spain)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abellán ◽  
J. M. Vilaplana ◽  
J. Calvet ◽  
D. García-Sellés ◽  
E. Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Basaltic Rock ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
The Village

Abstract. This case study deals with a rock face monitoring in urban areas using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner. The pilot study area is an almost vertical, fifty meter high cliff, on top of which the village of Castellfollit de la Roca is located. Rockfall activity is currently causing a retreat of the rock face, which may endanger the houses located at its edge. TLS datasets consist of high density 3-D point clouds acquired from five stations, nine times in a time span of 22 months (from March 2006 to January 2008). The change detection, i.e. rockfalls, was performed through a sequential comparison of datasets. Two types of mass movement were detected in the monitoring period: (a) detachment of single basaltic columns, with magnitudes below 1.5 m3 and (b) detachment of groups of columns, with magnitudes of 1.5 to 150 m3. Furthermore, the historical record revealed (c) the occurrence of slab failures with magnitudes higher than 150 m3. Displacements of a likely slab failure were measured, suggesting an apparent stationary stage. Even failures are clearly episodic, our results, together with the study of the historical record, enabled us to estimate a mean detachment of material from 46 to 91.5 m3 year−1. The application of TLS considerably improved our understanding of rockfall phenomena in the study area.

scholarly journals INDOOR MODELLING FROM SLAM-BASED LASER SCANNER: DOOR DETECTION TO ENVELOPE RECONSTRUCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Díaz-Vilariño ◽  
E. Verbree ◽  
S. Zlatanova ◽  
A. Diakité
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Global Configuration ◽  
Envelope Reconstruction

Updated and detailed indoor models are being increasingly demanded for various applications such as emergency management or navigational assistance. The consolidation of new portable and mobile acquisition systems has led to a higher availability of 3D point cloud data from indoors. In this work, we explore the combined use of point clouds and trajectories from SLAM-based laser scanner to automate the reconstruction of building indoors. The methodology starts by door detection, since doors represent transitions from one indoor space to other, which constitutes an initial approach about the global configuration of the point cloud into building rooms. <br><br> For this purpose, the trajectory is used to create a vertical point cloud profile in which doors are detected as local minimum of vertical distances. As point cloud and trajectory are related by time stamp, this feature is used to subdivide the point cloud into subspaces according to the location of the doors. The correspondence between subspaces and building rooms is not unambiguous. One subspace always corresponds to one room, but one room is not necessarily depicted by just one subspace, for example, in case of a room containing several doors and in which the acquisition is performed in a discontinue way. The labelling problem is formulated as combinatorial approach solved as a minimum energy optimization. Once the point cloud is subdivided into building rooms, envelop (conformed by walls, ceilings and floors) is reconstructed for each space. The connectivity between spaces is included by adding the previously detected doors to the reconstructed model. The methodology is tested in a real case study.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF H-BIM WITH REGARDS TO HISTORICAL INFRASTRUCTURES: A CASE STUDY OF THE PONTE GIORGINI IN CASTIGLIONE DELLA PESCAIA (GROSSETO – ITALY)

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W1 ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Donato ◽  
C. Biagini ◽  
G. Bertini ◽  
F. Marsugli
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Geometrical Data ◽  
Object Models

Historical Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) has been widely documented in literature and is becoming more popular with government bodies, who are increasingly choosing to make its use mandatory in public procurements and contracts. Although the system seems to be one of the best approaches for managing data and driving the decision-making process, several difficulties arise due to the amount of effort required in the initial phases, when the data derived from a geometrical survey must be converted into parametric elements. Moreover, users must decide on a “level of geometrical simplification” a long time in advance, and this inevitably leads to a loss of geometrical data. <br><br> From this perspective, our research describes a procedure to optimize the workflow of information for existing artefacts, in order to achieve a “lean” H-BIM. In this article, we will analyse two aspects: the first relates to the level of accuracy in a digital model created from the two different point clouds achieved from laser scanner and form images, while the second concerns the conversion of this information into parametric elements (Building Object Models- BOMs) that need to have specific characteristics. <br><br> The case study we are presenting is the “Ponte Giorgini” (“Giorgini Bridge”) in Castiglione della Pescaia (Grosseto – Italy).

scholarly journals MONITORING OF PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE IN BUILDINGS USING LASER SCAN DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Puente ◽  
R. Lindenbergh ◽  
A. Van Natijne ◽  
R. Esposito ◽  
R. Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Specific Element ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Scan Data

Vulnerability of buildings to natural and man-induced hazards has become a main concern for our society. Ensuring their serviceability, safety and sustainability is of vital importance and the main reason for setting up monitoring systems to detect damages at an early stage. In this work, a method is presented for detecting changes from laser scan data, where no registration between different epochs is needed. To show the potential of the method, a case study of a laboratory test carried out at the Stevin laboratory of Delft University of Technology was selected. The case study was a quasi-static cyclic pushover test on a two-story high unreinforced masonry structure designed to simulate damage evolution caused by cyclic loading. During the various phases, we analysed the behaviour of the masonry walls by monitoring the deformation of each masonry unit. First a plane is fitted to the selected wall point cloud, consisting of one single terrestrial laser scan, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Second, the segmentation of individual elements is performed. Then deformations with respect to this plane model, for each epoch and specific element, are determined by computing their corresponding rotation and cloud-to-plane distances. The validation of the changes detected within this approach is done by comparison with traditional deformation analysis based on co-registered TLS point clouds between two or more epochs of building measurements. Initial results show that the sketched methodology is indeed able to detect changes at the mm level while avoiding 3D point cloud registration, which is a main issue in computer vision and remote sensing.

scholarly journals The Combined Use of SLAM Laser Scanning and TLS for the 3D Indoor Mapping

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Aino Keitaanniemi ◽  
Juho-Pekka Virtanen ◽  
Petri Rönnholm ◽  
Antero Kukko ◽  
Toni Rantanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Mapping Strategy ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Building Information

An efficient 3D survey of a complex indoor environment remains a challenging task, especially if the accuracy requirements for the geometric data are high for instance in building information modeling (BIM) or construction. The registration of non-overlapping terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds is laborious. We propose a novel indoor mapping strategy that uses a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) laser scanner (LS) to support the building-scale registration of non-overlapping TLS point clouds in order to reconstruct comprehensive building floor/3D maps. This strategy improves efficiency since it allows georeferenced TLS data to only be collected from those parts of the building that require such accuracy. The rest of the building is measured with SLAM LS accuracy. Based on the results of the case study, the introduced method can locate non-overlapping TLS point clouds with an accuracy of 18–51 mm using target sphere comparison.

scholarly journals THE SUITABILITY OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING FOR BUILDING SURVEY AND MAPPING APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W9 ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. S. Russhakim ◽  
M. F. M. Ariff ◽  
Z. Majid ◽  
K. M. Idris ◽  
N. Darwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Complex Building ◽  
The Difference ◽  
2D Data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The popularity of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) has been introduced into a field of surveying and has increased dramatically especially in producing the 3D model of the building. The used of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is becoming rapidly popular because of its ability in several applications, especially the ability to observe complex documentation of complex building and observe millions of point cloud in three-dimensional in a short period. Users of building plan usually find it difficult to translate the traditional two-dimensional (2D) data on maps they see on a flat piece of paper to three-dimensional (3D). The TLS is able to record thousands of point clouds which contains very rich of geometry details and made the processing usually takes longer time. In addition, the demand of building survey work has made the surveyors need to obtain the data with full of accuracy and time saves. Therefore, the aim of this study is to study the limitation uses of TLS and its suitability for building survey and mapping. In this study, the efficiency of TLS Leica C10 for building survey was determined in term of its accuracy and comparing with Zeb-Revo Handheld Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) and the distometer. The accuracy for scanned data from both, TLS and MLS were compared with the Distometer by using root mean square error (RMSE) formula. Then, the 3D model of the building for both data, TLS and MLS were produced to analyze the visualization for different type of scanners. The software used; Autodesk Recap, Autodesk Revit, Leica Cyclone Software, Autocad Software and Geo Slam Software. The RMSE for TLS technique is 0.001<span class="thinspace"></span>m meanwhile, RMSE for MLS technique is 0.007<span class="thinspace"></span>m. The difference between these two techniques is 0.006<span class="thinspace"></span>m. The 3D model of building for both models did not have too much different but the scanned data from TLS is much easier to process and generate the 3D model compared to scanned data from MLS. It is because the scanned data from TLS comes with an image, while none from MLS scanned data. There are limitations of TLS for building survey such as water and glass window but this study proved that acquiring data by TLS is better than using MLS.</p>

Application of 3D Laser Scanner in Surveying of Traditional Architecture: Case Study on Surveying Practice of Hangzhou Haichao Temple

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 3405-3409
Author(s):  
Li Shen ◽  
Hui Xin Tai ◽  
Tong Yuan Ni
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Laser Scanning ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Survey Approach

As a burgeoning survey approach, 3D laser scanning is currently more and more applied in traditional architecture survey. In the surveying practice for Tianwang Hall of Hangzhou Haichao Temple, by skillfully setting the targets, we efficiently and accurately collected relevant surveying data with 3D laser scanner. On this basis, utilizing jointed point clouds on inner and outer surface, we successfully obtained wall thickness, roof depth, and other data that could not be precisely captured through traditional surveying measures. Moreover, the width, height and size of main beams were also easily and accurately acquired. So far, 3D laser scanning has become a very effective measure in traditional architecture surveying.

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