scholarly journals The Mixed-Electrode Concept for Understanding Growth and Aggregation Behavior of Metal Nanoparticles in Colloidal Solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Johann Köhler ◽  
Andrea Knauer
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Aggregation Behavior ◽  
Nanoparticle Growth ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Spherical Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
High Yields ◽  
And Behavior

The growth and aggregation behavior of metal nanoparticles can be modulated by surfactants and different other additives. Here the concept of how open-circuit mixed electrodes helps to understand the electrical aspects of nanoparticle growth and the consequences for the particle geometries is discussed. A key issue is the self-polarization effect of non-spherical metal nanoparticles, which causes a local decoupling of anodic and partial processes and asymmetry in the local rates of metal deposition. These asymmetries can contribute to deciding to the growth of particles with high aspect ratios. The interpretation of electrochemical reasons for particle growth and behavior is supported by experimental results of nanoparticle syntheses supported by microfluidics which can supply high yields of non-spherical nanoparticles and colloidal product solutions of high homogeneity.

Preparation and Application of Non-spherical Metal Nanoparticles: Reality and Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lucena-Serrano ◽  
Rafael Contreras-Caceres ◽  
Maria Sanchez-Molina ◽  
Miguel Angel Casado-Rodriguez ◽  
Jean Manuel Cloarec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Spherical Metal Nanoparticles

Fish Bioacoustics and Behavior: Passive Acoustic Detection and the Application of a Closed-Circuit Rebreather for Field Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip S. Lobel
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
And Behavior

The simple thesis of this paper is that using rebreathers to study fish behavioral ecology, especially bioacoustics, is well worth the expense and additional training required. The scientific goal of my bioacoustic research is to determine which fishes produce species-specific sound patterns exclusively with explicit acts of courtship and mating. This provides scientific insight into evolutionary and ecological processes and also provides data necessary to develop the passive acoustic detection technology for monitoring fish reproduction. When used on a daily basis, rebreathers, in my experience, are economical and as practical as open circuit scuba. This is based both on the costs of diving as well as the efficiency of gathering useful data. The use of open circuit SCUBA while conducting acoustic recordings results in a loss of at least 40% of the data due to the bubble noise from a divers breathing. Rebreathers also provide extended bottom time, especially in shallow water, which enhances a diver's ability to observe fish and gather acoustic-behavioral data.

Time-resolved absorption spectroscopy of metal nanoparticles in colloidal solution

2004 ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bugár ◽  
I. Capek ◽  
J. Ivan ◽  
L. Chitu ◽  
E. Majková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Time Resolved

scholarly journals Assessing the interactions of metal nanoparticles in soil and sediment matrices – a quantitative analytical multi-technique approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind El Hadri ◽  
Stacey M. Louie ◽  
Vincent A. Hackley
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fate And Behavior ◽  
Soil And Sediment

Fate and behavior of engineered nanomaterials entering the environment are highly influenced by their interactions with natural particles.

scholarly journals Determination of the Aspect-ratio Distribution of Gold Nanorods in a Colloidal Solution using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Leonardo Binetti ◽  
T. Hien Nguyen ◽  
Lourdes S. M. Alwis ◽  
Arti Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Bellman Principle

AbstractKnowledge of the distribution of the aspect ratios (ARs) in a chemically-synthesized colloidal solution of Gold Nano Rods (GNRs) is an important measure in determining the quality of synthesis, and consequently the performance of the GNRs generated for various applications. In this work, an algorithm has been developed based on the Bellman Principle of Optimality to readily determine the AR distribution of synthesized GNRs in colloidal solutions. This is achieved by theoretically fitting the longitudinal plasmon resonance of GNRs obtained by UV-visible spectroscopy. The AR distribution obtained from the use of the algorithm developed have shown good agreement with those theoretically generated one as well as with the previously reported results. After bench-marking, the algorithm has been applied to determine the mean and standard deviation of the AR distribution of two GNRs solutions synthesized and examined in this work. The comparison with experimentally derived results from the use of expensive Transmission Electron Microscopic images and Dynamic Light Scattering technique shows that the algorithm developed offers a fast and thus potentially cost-effective solution to determine the quality of the synthesized GNRs specifically needed for many potential applications for the advanced sensor systems.

Study on Solar Materials with New Solar Cell Structure Using Surface Selective Etching and Periodical Barrier Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Kao Feng Yarn ◽  
Chao Kun Kuo ◽  
I Ting Hsieh ◽  
Wen Chung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Selective Etching ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Optical Grating ◽  
Etched Surface

This study presents a simple technique for improving the power conversion efficiency of a AlGaAs-GaAs based solar cell. A traditional III-V semiconductor solar cell heterojunction structure, i.e. n-GaAs/n-AlGaAs/n-GaAs/i-GaAs/p-GaAs is used. The top n-GaAs/n-AlGaAs structure is responsible for the selective etching stop layer. The selective etched surface barriers associated with polymer gratings with different aspect ratios are produced on solar cell by using the photolithography and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) techniques. A reflective-type diffraction optical grating is fabricated on the surface of the solar cell to redirect the incident light reflected from the solar cell back onto the solar cell surface. The experimental results show that the addition of the optical grating increases the open circuit voltage, Voc, from 4.51 V to 4.73V and improves the maximum output voltage, Vm, from 4.12V to 4.32V. From inspection of surface reflectivity , the average reflectivity is also found to be 13.7% down to 9.9 %.

The Formation and Behavior of Particles in Silane Discharges

1999 ◽  
Vol 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Plasma Chemistry ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Rf Discharges ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractParticle growth in silane RF discharges, and the incorporation of particles into hydrogenated-amorphous-silicon (a-Si:H) devices is described. These particles have a structure similar to a-Si:H, but their incorporation into the device is believed to yield harmful voids and interfaces. Measurements of particle density and growth in a silane RF plasma, for particle diameters of 8-50 nm, are described. This particle growth rate is very rapid, and decreases in density during the growth indicate a major flux of these size particles to the substrate. Particle densities are a very strong function of pressure, film growth rate and electrode gap, increasing orders of magnitude for small increases in each parameter. A full plasma- chemistry model for particle growth from SiHm radicals and ions has been developed, and is outlined. It yields particle densities and growth rates, as a function of plasma parameters, which are in qualitative agreement with the data. It also indicates that, in addition to the diameter >2 nm particles that have been observed in films, a very large flux of SixH,, molecular radicals with × >1 also incorporate into the film. It appears that these large radicals yield more than 1% of the film for typical device-deposition conditions, so this may have a serious effect on device properties.

Observations of Changes in Rate Dependent Flow of SnAgCu Solder Alloys Due to Aging

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Chaitra Chavali ◽  
Kaushik Mysore ◽  
Ganesh Subbarayan ◽  
Indranath Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Intermetallic Particle ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Secondary Creep ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Solder Alloys ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Snagcu Solder ◽  
And Behavior

Aging affects both microstructure and behavior [1, 2]. Microstructural changes are driven by dislocation motion and diffusion processes. Together they affect the flow behavior in solder alloys. We address four aspects of solder microstructure and behavior as affected by aging (a) EDS studies on Ag dispersion in Sn matrix (b) a procedure for modeling intermetallic particle growth (c) a model for estimating effective viscosity of solder alloy (d) both primary and secondary creep models to predict aging effects on behavior. Solder samples were aged for different aging times (15, 30, 60, 90 days aging) and at different aging temperatures (25 C, 75 C, 125 C) prior to running creep tests. Another set of solder samples were similarly aged to characterize the microstructure. The creep data for the experiments are from a series of sixty four experiments performed using a micromechanical tester that is specially fitted with a sensitive capacitance gauge (with a resolution of 0.1 microns) to accurately measure viscoplastic responses of solder to applied loads.

scholarly journals ФОРМУВАННЯ УРОЖАЙНОСТІ СОЇ ПІД ВПЛИВОМ ІНОКУЛЯЦІЇ ТА ПІДЖИВЛЕННЯ

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Н. В. Новицька ◽  
О. В. Джемесюк
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Chelate Complex ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Early Ripening

У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу інокуляції і позакореневого підживлення багатокомпонентними хелатними мікродобривами та колоїдним розчином комплексу наночасток металів на врожайність ультра- та ранньостиглих сортів сої. Встановлено, що інокуляція насіння пре-інокулянтом «ХайКот Супер» дає додаткові 2–4 ц/га прирости врожаю. Проведення позакореневого підживлення хелатними мікродобривами сприяє збільшенню урожайності сої на 10–15 %. Використання нанометалів для обприскування посівів сої у фазу бутонізації розчином у концентрації 240 мг/л на фоні внесення мінеральних добрив у нормі N30P60K60 сприяє збільшенню врожайності культури до 2,8 т/га. Максимальний в досліді рівень врожайності сої отриманий за рахунок поєднання інокуляції насіння і використання для позакореневого підживлення комплексного мікродобрива «Росток Бобові» (2 л/га) на фоні внесення мінеральних добрив в нормі N30P60K60 . The article deals with the influence of inoculation and foliar feeding with multi-chelate complex and colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles on the yield performance of ultra and early ripening varieties of soybean. It had been found, that pre-inoculation of seeds with «HayKot Super» inoculant provides additional 2–4 t/ha yield allowances. Carrying out foliar feeding with chelated micro-fertilizers increases soybean yield performance by 10–15 %. Use of nano-metals for spraying soy at the stage of budding as a solution (240 mg/l) while mineral fertilizers applying at a rate of N30P60K60 increases the yield performance of a crop at 2,8 t/ha. The maximum yield performance indicators of soybean were obtained by combining the seeds inoculation, mineral fertilizers application at a rate of N30P60K60 and use of complex fertilizers «Rostock bean» (2 l/ha) for the foliar feeding.

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