scholarly journals Classification of Children’s Sitting Postures Using Machine Learning Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kim ◽  
Youngdoo Son ◽  
Wonjoon Kim ◽  
Byungki Jin ◽  
Myung Yun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Vector

Sitting on a chair in an awkward posture or sitting for a long period of time is a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. A postural habit that has been formed cannot be changed easily. It is important to form a proper postural habit from childhood as the lumbar disease during childhood caused by their improper posture is most likely to recur. Thus, there is a need for a monitoring system that classifies children’s sitting postures. The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for classifying sitting postures for children using machine learning algorithms. The convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was used in addition to the conventional algorithms: Naïve Bayes classifier (NB), decision tree (DT), neural network (NN), multinomial logistic regression (MLR), and support vector machine (SVM). To collect data for classifying sitting postures, a sensing cushion was developed by mounting a pressure sensor mat (8 × 8) inside children’s chair seat cushion. Ten children participated, and sensor data was collected by taking a static posture for the five prescribed postures. The accuracy of CNN was found to be the highest as compared with those of the other algorithms. It is expected that the comprehensive posture monitoring system would be established through future research on enhancing the classification algorithm and providing an effective feedback system.

Comparison of common machine learning algorithms trained with multi-zone models for identifying the location and strength of indoor pollutant sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2093157
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Zhi Gao ◽  
Hongguang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Pollutant Sources

The accurate identification of the characteristics of pollutant sources can effectively prevent the loss of human life and property damage caused by the sudden release of harmful chemicals in emergency situations. Machine learning algorithms, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbour (KNN) and naive Bayesian (NB) classification can be used to identify the location of pollutant sources with limited sensor data inputs. In this study, the identification accuracy of the four above-mentioned machine learning algorithms was investigated and compared, considering the different sensor layouts, eigenvector inputs, meteorological parameters and number of samples. The results show that the collection of pollutant concentrations over an extended period of time could improve identification accuracy. Additional sensors were required to reach the same identification accuracy after the introduction of distributed meteorological parameters. Increasing the number of trained samples by a factor of five improved the identification accuracy of KNN by 22% and that of SVM by 1.7%; however, ANN and NB classification remained basically unchanged. When identifying the release mass of the pollutant source, multiple linear, ANN and SVM regression models were adopted. Results show that ANN performs best, whereas SVM provides the least optimal performance.

scholarly journals Wheat Lodging Detection from UAS Imagery Using Machine Learning Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Paulo Flores ◽  
C. Igathinathane ◽  
Dayakar L. Naik ◽  
Ravi Kiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems

The current mainstream approach of using manual measurements and visual inspections for crop lodging detection is inefficient, time-consuming, and subjective. An innovative method for wheat lodging detection that can overcome or alleviate these shortcomings would be welcomed. This study proposed a systematic approach for wheat lodging detection in research plots (372 experimental plots), which consisted of using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for aerial imagery acquisition, manual field evaluation, and machine learning algorithms to detect the occurrence or not of lodging. UAS imagery was collected on three different dates (23 and 30 July 2019, and 8 August 2019) after lodging occurred. Traditional machine learning and deep learning were evaluated and compared in this study in terms of classification accuracy and standard deviation. For traditional machine learning, five types of features (i.e. gray level co-occurrence matrix, local binary pattern, Gabor, intensity, and Hu-moment) were extracted and fed into three traditional machine learning algorithms (i.e., random forest (RF), neural network, and support vector machine) for detecting lodged plots. For the datasets on each imagery collection date, the accuracies of the three algorithms were not significantly different from each other. For any of the three algorithms, accuracies on the first and last date datasets had the lowest and highest values, respectively. Incorporating standard deviation as a measurement of performance robustness, RF was determined as the most satisfactory. Regarding deep learning, three different convolutional neural networks (simple convolutional neural network, VGG-16, and GoogLeNet) were tested. For any of the single date datasets, GoogLeNet consistently had superior performance over the other two methods. Further comparisons between RF and GoogLeNet demonstrated that the detection accuracies of the two methods were not significantly different from each other (p > 0.05); hence, the choice of any of the two would not affect the final detection accuracies. However, considering the fact that the average accuracy of GoogLeNet (93%) was larger than RF (91%), it was recommended to use GoogLeNet for wheat lodging detection. This research demonstrated that UAS RGB imagery, coupled with the GoogLeNet machine learning algorithm, can be a novel, reliable, objective, simple, low-cost, and effective (accuracy > 90%) tool for wheat lodging detection.

Survey of Machine Learning Algorithms to Detect Malware in Consumer Internet of Things Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 2150020
Author(s):  
Luke Holbrook ◽  
Miltiadis Alamaniotis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Iot Devices

With the increase of cyber-attacks on millions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, the poor network security measures on those devices are the main source of the problem. This article aims to study a number of these machine learning algorithms available for their effectiveness in detecting malware in consumer internet of things devices. In particular, the Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, and Deep Neural Network (DNN) algorithms are utilized for a benchmark with a set of test data and compared as tools in safeguarding the deployment for IoT security. Test results on a set of 4 IoT devices exhibited that all three tested algorithms presented here detect the network anomalies with high accuracy. However, the deep neural network provides the highest coefficient of determination R2, and hence, it is identified as the most precise among the tested algorithms concerning the security of IoT devices based on the data sets we have undertaken.

scholarly journals IoT BASED AIR AND SOUND POLLUTION MONITIORING SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
M.RAMANA REDDY
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Raspberry Pi

Air pollution is the largest environmental and public health challenge in the world today. Air pollution leads to adverse effects on human health, climate and ecosystem. Air is getting polluted because of release of Toxic gases by industries, vehicular emissions and increased concentration of harmful gases and particulate matter in the atmosphere. In order to overcome these issues an IoT based air and sound pollution monitoring system is designed. To design this monitoring system, machine learning algorithms K-NN and Naive Bayes are used. K-Nearest Neighbour and Naive Bayes are machine learning algorithms used to predict the status of pollution present in the environment. In this system, analog to digital converter, global service mobile communication, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, carbon monoxide and sound sensors are interfaced with raspberry pi using serial cable. The sensor data is uploaded in thinkspeak (IoT) and webpage. This data is compared with the trained data to check accuracy. To calculate the accuracy of both algorithms, Python code is developed using python software tool.

scholarly journals A new ML-based approach to enhance student engagement in online environment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258788
Author(s):  
Sarra Ayouni ◽  
Fahima Hajjej ◽  
Mohamed Maddeh ◽  
Shaha Al-Otaibi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Online Environment

The educational research is increasingly emphasizing the potential of student engagement and its impact on performance, retention and persistence. This construct has emerged as an important paradigm in the higher education field for many decades. However, evaluating and predicting the student’s engagement level in an online environment remains a challenge. The purpose of this study is to suggest an intelligent predictive system that predicts the student’s engagement level and then provides the students with feedback to enhance their motivation and dedication. Three categories of students are defined depending on their engagement level (Not Engaged, Passively Engaged, and Actively Engaged). We applied three different machine-learning algorithms, namely Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network, to students’ activities recorded in Learning Management System reports. The results demonstrate that machine learning algorithms could predict the student’s engagement level. In addition, according to the performance metrics of the different algorithms, the Artificial Neural Network has a greater accuracy rate (85%) compared to the Support Vector Machine (80%) and Decision Tree (75%) classification techniques. Based on these results, the intelligent predictive system sends feedback to the students and alerts the instructor once a student’s engagement level decreases. The instructor can identify the students’ difficulties during the course and motivate them through e-mail reminders, course messages, or scheduling an online meeting.

scholarly journals Mood Detection from Physical and Neurophysical Data Using Deep Learning Models

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zeynep Hilal Kilimci ◽  
Aykut Güven ◽  
Mitat Uysal ◽  
Selim Akyokus
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Conventional Machine

Nowadays, smart devices as a part of daily life collect data about their users with the help of sensors placed on them. Sensor data are usually physical data but mobile applications collect more than physical data like device usage habits and personal interests. Collected data are usually classified as personal, but they contain valuable information about their users when it is analyzed and interpreted. One of the main purposes of personal data analysis is to make predictions about users. Collected data can be divided into two major categories: physical and behavioral data. Behavioral data are also named as neurophysical data. Physical and neurophysical parameters are collected as a part of this study. Physical data contains measurements of the users like heartbeats, sleep quality, energy, movement/mobility parameters. Neurophysical data contain keystroke patterns like typing speed and typing errors. Users’ emotional/mood statuses are also investigated by asking daily questions. Six questions are asked to the users daily in order to determine the mood of them. These questions are emotion-attached questions, and depending on the answers, users’ emotional states are graded. Our aim is to show that there is a connection between users’ physical/neurophysical parameters and mood/emotional conditions. To prove our hypothesis, we collect and measure physical and neurophysical parameters of 15 users for 1 year. The novelty of this work to the literature is the usage of both combinations of physical and neurophysical parameters. Another novelty is that the emotion classification task is performed by both conventional machine learning algorithms and deep learning models. For this purpose, Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network are employed as deep learning methodologies. Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Integration Strategy (DIS) are evaluated as conventional machine learning algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first attempt to analyze the neurophysical conditions of the users by evaluating deep learning models for mood analysis and enriching physical characteristics with neurophysical parameters. Experiment results demonstrate that the utilization of deep learning methodologies and the combination of both physical and neurophysical parameters enhances the classification success of the system to interpret the mood of the users. A wide range of comparative and extensive experiments shows that the proposed model exhibits noteworthy results compared to the state-of-art studies.

Operational Data to Maintenance Optimization: Closing the Loop in Offshore Wind O&M

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexios Koltsidopoulos Papatzimos ◽  
Tariq Dawood ◽  
Philipp R. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm

Offshore wind assets have reached multi-GW scale and additional capacity is being installed and developed. To achieve demanding cost of energy targets, awarded by competitive auctions, the operation and maintenance (O&M) of these assets has to become increasingly efficient, whilst ensuring compliance and effectiveness. Existing offshore wind farm assets generate a significant amount of inhomogeneous data related to O&M processes. These data contain rich information about the condition of the assets, which is rarely fully utilized by the operators and service providers. Academic and industrial research and development efforts have led to a suite of tools trying to apply sensor data and build machine learning models to diagnose, trend and predict component failures. This study presents a decision support framework incorporating a range of different supervised and un-supervised learning algorithms. The aim is to provide guidance for asset owners on how to select the most relevant datasets, apply and choose the different machine learning algorithms and how to integrate the data stream with daily maintenance procedures. The presented methodology is tested on a real case example of an offshore wind turbine gearbox replacement at Teesside offshore wind farm. The study uses k-nearest neighbour (kNN) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to detect the fault using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data and an autoregressive model for the vibration data of the condition monitoring system (CMS). The implementation of all the algorithms has resulted in an accuracy higher than 94%. The results of this paper will be of interest to offshore wind farm developers and operators to streamline and optimize their O&M planning activities for their assets and reduce the associated costs.

scholarly journals Cell Cycle-Regulated Genes Classification using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques on Processed Microarrays Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1107
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Test Accuracy

Nowadays, machine learning and deep learning algorithms, are considered as new technologies increasingly used in the biomedical field. Machine learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that aims to automatically find patterns in existing data. A new Machine Learning subfield, the deep learning theory, has emerged. It deals with object recognition in images. In this paper, our goal is DNA Microarrays’analysis with these algorithms to classify two genes’ types. The first class represents cell cycle regulated genes and the second is non cell cycle regulated ones. In the current state of the art, the researchers are processing the numerical data associated to gene evolution to achieve this classification. Here, we propose a new and different approach, based on the microarrays images’ treatment. To classify images, we use three machine learning algorithms which are: Support Vector Machine, KNearest Neighbors and Random Forest Classifier. We also use the Convolutional Neural Network and the fully connected neural network algorithms. Experiments demonstrate that our approaches outperform the state of art by a margin of 14.73 per cent by using machine learning algorithms and a margin of 22.39 per cent by using deep learning models. Our models accomplish real time test accuracy of ~ 92.39 % at classifying using CNNand 94.73% using machine learning algorithms.

scholarly journals Predicting rural patients� use of eHealth through supervised machine learning algorithms: A study on Portable Health Clinic in Bangladesh (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Fumihiko Yokota ◽  
Akira Fukuda ◽  
Ashir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Rural Patients

BACKGROUND Predictive analytics through machine learning has been extensively using across industries including eHealth and mHealth for analyzing patient’s health data, predicting diseases, enhancing the productivity of technology or devices used for providing healthcare services and so on. However, not enough studies were conducted to predict the usage of eHealth by rural patients in developing countries. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to predict rural patients’ use of eHealth through supervised machine learning algorithms and propose the best-fitted model after evaluating their performances in terms of predictive accuracy. METHODS Data were collected between June and July 2016 through a field survey with structured questionnaire form 292 randomly selected rural patients in a remote North-Western sub-district of Bangladesh. Four supervised machine learning algorithms namely logistic regression, boosted decision tree, support vector machine, and artificial neural network were chosen for this experiment. A ‘correlation-based feature selection’ technique was applied to include the most relevant but not redundant features into the model. A 10-fold cross-validation technique was applied to reduce bias and over-fitting of the data. RESULTS Logistic regression outperformed other three algorithms with 85.9% predictive accuracy, 86.4% precision, 90.5% recall, 88.1% F-score, and AUC of 91.5% followed by neural network, decision tree and support vector machine with the accuracy rate of 84.2%, 82.9 %, and 80.4% respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study are expected to be helpful for eHealth practitioners in selecting appropriate areas to serve and dealing with both under-capacity and over-capacity by predicting the patients’ response in advance with a certain level of accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Automatic Detection of Faults in Race Walking: A Comparative Analysis of Machine-Learning Algorithms Fed with Inertial Sensor Data

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri Taborri ◽  
Eduardo Palermo ◽  
Stefano Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Race Walking

The validity of results in race walking is often questioned due to subjective decisions in the detection of faults. This study aims to compare machine-learning algorithms fed with data gathered from inertial sensors placed on lower-limb segments to define the best-performing classifiers for the automatic detection of illegal steps. Eight race walkers were enrolled and linear accelerations and angular velocities related to pelvis, thighs, shanks, and feet were acquired by seven inertial sensors. The experimental protocol consisted of two repetitions of three laps of 250 m, one performed with regular race walking, one with loss-of-contact faults, and one with knee-bent faults. The performance of 108 classifiers was evaluated in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, and goodness index. Generally, linear accelerations revealed themselves as more characteristic with respect to the angular velocities. Among classifiers, those based on the support vector machine (SVM) were the most accurate. In particular, the quadratic SVM fed with shank linear accelerations was the best-performing classifier, with an F1-score and a goodness index equal to 0.89 and 0.11, respectively. The results open the possibility of using a wearable device for automatic detection of faults in race walking competition.

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