scholarly journals Effects of Lactobacillus on Mice with Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet with Streptozotocin (STZ)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Chen ◽  
Fang Tan ◽  
Ruokun Yi ◽  
Jianfei Mu ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glut 4 ◽  
Tnf Α

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of heat-killed and live Lactobacillus on mice with diabetes induced by high-fat diet with streptozotocin (STZ). Results based on body weight and liver pathological changes, oral glucose tolerance test, and related serum index (AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), MDA (malondialdehyde), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), INS (insulin), and GC (glucagon) and gene expression of IL-1β (Interleukin 1β), IRS-1(Insulin receptor substrate 1), GLUT-4 (glucose transporter type 4), PPARγ (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ), and SREBP-1c (sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c) levels indicated that Lactobacillus fermentum (LF) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) could increase the average weight, alleviate the degree of damage in the liver, and improve the glucose tolerance of mice with diabetes. LF and LP also participated in the downregulation of AST, ALT, MDA, TNF-α, INS, and GC in serum, as well as the inhibition of IL-1β, TNF-α, IRS-1, GLUT-4, PPARγ, and SREBP-1c expression. These regulating effects were remarkable, and the regulating effect of the live group was significantly better than that of the heat-killed group. This study suggested that LF and LP can significantly alleviate liver damage and hepatic insulin resistance in mice with diabetes and that the acting mechanisms of LF and LP were related to cellular components and their activities.

Comparison between pre-exercise casein peptide and intact casein supplementation on glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Matsunaga ◽  
Yuki Tamura ◽  
Yasuyuki Sakata ◽  
Yudai Nonaka ◽  
Noriko Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat

We hypothesized that along with exercise, casein peptide supplementation would have a higher impact on improving glucose tolerance than intact casein. Male 6-week-old ICR mice were provided a high-fat diet to induce obesity and glucose intolerance. The mice were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control (Con), endurance training (Tr), endurance training with intact casein supplementation (Cas+Tr), and endurance training with casein peptide supplementation (CP+Tr). The mice in each group were orally administrated water, intact casein, or casein peptide (1.0 mg/g body weight, every day), and then subjected to endurance training (15–25 m/min, 60 min, 5 times/week for 4 weeks) on a motor-driven treadmill 30 min after ingestion. Our results revealed that total intra-abdominal fat was significantly lower in CP+Tr than in Con (p < 0.05). Following an oral glucose tolerance test, the blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) was found to be significantly smaller for CP+Tr than for Con (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the soleus muscle, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein levels were significantly higher in CP+Tr than in Con (p < 0.01). However, intra-abdominal fat, blood glucose AUC, and GLUT4 protein content in the soleus muscle did not alter in Tr and Cas+Tr when compared with Con. These observations suggest that pre-exercise casein peptide supplementation has a higher effect on improving glucose tolerance than intact casein does in mice fed a high-fat diet.

scholarly journals Distinct Effects of a High Fat Diet on Bone in Skeletally Mature and Developing Male C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Dean S. Ross ◽  
Tzu-Hsuan Yeh ◽  
Shalinie King ◽  
Julia Mathers ◽  
Mark S. Rybchyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Fragility

Increased risks of skeletal fractures are common in patients with impaired glucose handling and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis of skeletal fragility in these patients remains ill-defined as patients present with normal to high bone mineral density. With increasing cases of glucose intolerance and T2DM it is imperative that we develop an accurate rodent model for further investigation. We hypothesized that a high fat diet (60%) administered to developing male C57BL/6J mice that had not reached skeletal maturity would over represent bone microarchitectural implications, and that skeletally mature mice would better represent adult-onset glucose intolerance and the pre-diabetes phenotype. Two groups of developing (8 week) and mature (12 week) male C57BL/6J mice were placed onto either a normal chow (NC) or high fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed throughout the study period. Long bones were excised and analysed for ex vivo biomechanical testing, micro-computed tomography, 2D histomorphometry and gene/protein expression analyses. The HFD increased fasting blood glucose and significantly reduced glucose tolerance in both age groups by week 7 of the diets. The HFD reduced biomechanical strength, both cortical and trabecular indices in the developing mice, but only affected cortical outcomes in the mature mice. Similar results were reflected in the 2D histomorphometry. Tibial gene expression revealed decreased bone formation in the HFD mice of both age groups, i.e., decreased osteocalcin expression and increased sclerostin RNA expression. In the mature mice only, while the HFD led to a non-significant reduction in runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) RNA expression, this decrease became significant at the protein level in the femora. Our mature HFD mouse model more accurately represents late-onset impaired glucose tolerance/pre-T2DM cases in humans and can be used to uncover potential insights into reduced bone formation as a mechanism of skeletal fragility in these patients.

scholarly journals Patchouli Alcohol from Pogostemon Cablin Prevents Development of Obesity and Improves Glucose Tolerance in High Fat Diet-induced Obese Mice (P06-107-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihye Lee ◽  
Seong-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin

Abstract Objectives Patchouli alcohol is a sesquiterpene alcohol found in Pogostemon cablin. Recently, we observed that patchouli alcohol reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and increased glucose uptake in differentiated C2C12 myocytes. This study was designed to investigate anti-obese and anti-diabetic activities of patchouli alcohol using high fat diet-induced obese mouse model. Methods Forty-eight 5-week old C57BL/6 J male mice were assigned into four groups and fed with 1) normal diet (control), 2) high fat diet, 3) high fat diet with gavaging 25 mg of patchouli alcohol/kg body weight and 4) high fat diet with gavaging 50 mg of patchouli alcohol/kg body weight. High fat diet or control diets were provided to each treatment group for four weeks and then different doses of patchouli alcohol (0, 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered for following 8 weeks with the diet. At age of week 17, all animals were sacrificed, fat tissues were collected, and tissue weight was measured. In addition, twenty C57BL/6 J male mice were assigned into the same treatment groups above. At the end of the 8 weeks (age of week 17), the mice were fasted for 12 h and the oral glucose tolerance test was performed after intraperitoneal injection of 2 g of anhydrous glucose/kg body weight. The blood was collected from tail at 0, 15, 30, 90 and 120 min after injection and blood glucose level was analyzed using glucose meter. Results Treatment of patchouli alcohol (50 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced body weight and accumulation of body fat pads which was highly induced by feeding of high fat diet. An analysis of individual fat pad weights (expressed as mg weight of fat pad/g body weight) revealed a significant decrease of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad in patchouli alcohol-treated mice whereas brown adipose tissue were not significantly altered. And, slightly improved glucose tolerance was observed at 90 and 120 minutes after glucose injection in mice treated with patchouli alcohol (50 mg/kg body weight) compared to those fed with high fat diet alone. Conclusions We propose a potential use of patchouli alcohol as an anti-obesity compound in obese population. Funding Sources NIFA Hatch grant. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Oleacein Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced A Diposity and Ameliorates Some Biochemical Parameters of Insulin Sensitivity in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lepore ◽  
Maggisano ◽  
Bulotta ◽  
Mignogna ◽  
Arcidiacono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
High Fat

Oleacein is one of the most abundant polyphenolic compounds of olive oil, which has been shown to play a protective role against several metabolic abnormalities, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Herein, we investigated the effects of oleacein on certain markers of adipogenesis and insulin-resistance in vitro, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in vivo in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. During the differentiation process of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes, oleacein strongly inhibited lipid accumulation, and decreased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), while increasing Adiponectin levels. In vivo, treatment with oleacein of C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice fed with HFD for 5 and 13 weeks prevented the increase in adipocyte size and reduced the inflammatory infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes in adipose tissue. These effects were accompanied by changes in the expression of adipose tissue-specific regulatory elements such as PPARγ, FAS, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 (SREBP-1), and Adiponectin, while the expression of insulin-sensitive muscle/fat glucose transporter Glut-4 was restored in HFD-fed mice treated with oleacein. Collectively, our findings indicate that protection against HFD-induced adiposity by oleacein in mice is mediated by the modulation of regulators of adipogenesis. Protection against HFD-induced obesity is effective in improving peripheral insulin sensitivity.

Effects of a Seven Day High-Fat Diet on Oral Glucose Tolerance and Endothelial Function in Young Males

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 289-290
Author(s):  
Cody G. Durrer ◽  
Zhongxiao Wan ◽  
Nia Lewis ◽  
Philip N. Ainslie ◽  
Nathan T. Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Young Males

scholarly journals Modifications of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) secretion in man by a high-fat diet

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Morgan ◽  
S. M. Hampton ◽  
J. A. Tredger ◽  
R. Cramb ◽  
V. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels

1. Five healthy volunteers (usual fat intake 103) (SE 9) g/d and energy intake 9855 (SE 937) kJ/d were given on two separate occasions (a) 100 g oral glucose and (b) sufficient intravenous (IV) glucose to obtain similar arterialized plasma glucose levels to those after oral glucose.2. Subjects increased their fat intake by 68 (SE 9·6) % for 28 d by supplementing their diet with 146 ml double cream/d (fat intake on high-fat diet (HFD) 170 (SE 8) g/d; energy intake 12347 (SE 770)).3. The 100 g oral glucose load was repeated and IV glucose again given in quantities sufficient to obtain similar arterialized blood glucose levels. Immunoreactive plasma insulin, C-peptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were measured.4. Plasma GIP levels were higher following oral glucose after the HFD (area under plasma GIP curve 0–180 min 1660 (SE 592) v. 2642 (SE 750) ng/l.h for control and HFD respectively; P < 0·05). Both insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher after oral than after IV glucose (P < 0·01) but neither were affected by the HFD. Glucose levels were lower following the HFD after both oral and IV glucose (area under plasma glucose curve 0–180 min, following oral glucose 6·7 (SE 0·3) mmol/l.h for control and 4·2 (SE 0·6) mmol/l.h for HFD; P < 0·01).5. Glucose-stimulated GIP secretion was thus enhanced by the HFD. Insulin secretion in response to oral glucose was unchanged, in spite of an improvement in glucose tolerance.6. The improvement in glucose tolerance post-HFD could possibly be due to a GIP-mediated inhibition of hepatic glycogenolysis, or a decreased rate of glucose uptake from the small intestine.

scholarly journals β-cell knockout of SENP1 reduces responses to incretins and worsens oral glucose tolerance in high fat diet-fed mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haopeng Lin ◽  
Nancy Smith ◽  
Aliya F Spigelman ◽  
Kunimasa Suzuki ◽  
Mourad Ferdaoussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Islet Mass

SUMOylation reduces oxidative stress and preserves islet mass at the expense of robust insulin secretion. To investigate a role for the deSUMOylating enzyme <u>sen</u>trin-specific <u>p</u>rotease <u>1</u> (SENP1) following metabolic stress, we put pancreas/gut-specific SENP1 knockout mice (pSENP1-KO) on a high fat diet (HFD). Male pSENP1-KO mice were more glucose intolerant following HFD than littermate controls, but only in response to oral glucose. A similar phenotype was observed in females. Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses were identical in pSENP1-KO and -WT littermates, including the HFD-induced upregulation of GIP responses. Islet mass was not different, but insulin secretion and β-cell exocytotic responses to the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4) and GIP were impaired in islets lacking SENP1. Glucagon secretion from pSENP1-KO islets was also reduced, so we generated β-cell-specific SENP1 knockout mice (βSENP1-KO). These phenocopied the pSENP1-KO mice with selective impairment in oral glucose tolerance following HFD, preserved islet mass expansion, and impaired β-cell exocytosis and insulin secretion to Ex4 and GIP without changes in cAMP or Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels. Thus, β-cell SENP1 limits oral glucose intolerance following HFD by ensuring robust insulin secretion at a point downstream of incretin signaling.

scholarly journals β-Cell Knockout of SENP1 Reduces Responses to Incretins and Worsens Oral Glucose Tolerance in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. db201235
Author(s):  
Haopeng Lin ◽  
Nancy Smith ◽  
Aliya F Spigelman ◽  
Kunimasa Suzuki ◽  
Mourad Ferdaoussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Β Cell

Improved glucose tolerance with restored expression of glucose transporter 4 in C57BL/6 mice after a long period of high-fat diet feeding

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinil Kim ◽  
Ja In Jeong ◽  
Kwang Min Kim ◽  
Inho Choi ◽  
Richard E. Pratley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Transporter 4 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Long Period
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