scholarly journals Impact of Biochar Application on Germination Behavior and Early Growth of Maize Seedlings: Insights from a Growth Room Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11666
Author(s):  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Wang Xiukang ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Sobia Ashraf ◽  
Sajid Mahmood Nadeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Growth Room

Reduced germination and early crop maturity due to soil compaction, nutrients stress, and low moisture are major constraints to achieve optimum crop yield, ultimately resulting in significant economic damages and food shortages. Biochar, having the potential to improve physical and chemical properties of soil, can also improve nutrients and moisture access to plants. In the present study, a growth room experiment was conducted to assess biochar influence on maize seed germination, early growth of seedlings, and its physiological attributes. Corn cob biochar (CCB) was mixed with soil at different rates (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% w/w) before seed sowing. Results obtained showed that increasing CCB application rate have neutral to positive effects on seed germination and seedling growth of maize. Biochar addition at the rate of 1.5% (w/w) significantly increased shoot dry biomass (40%), root dry biomass (32%), total chlorophyll content (a and b) (55%), germination percentage (13%), seedling vigor (85%), and relative water content (RWC) (68%), in comparison to un-amended control treatment. In addition to this, it also improved germination rate (GR) by 3% as compared to control treatment, while causing a reduction in mean emergence time (MET). Moreover, application of biochar (3%) also resulted in enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity, particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by 13% and 17%, respectively. Conclusively, biochar application is an attractive approach to improve the initial phase of plant growth and provide better crop stand and essential sustainable high yields.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE TiO2 NANOPARTICLES EFFECT ON SEED GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ZIZIPHORA CLINOPODIOIDES LAM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Azimi ◽  
Mohammad Kia Kianian ◽  
Mohammad Pessarakli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
High Concentrations

Improvement in the rate and amount of germination of seeds has a very important effect on the establish-ment of primary seedlings and the increase of rangeland production. The rapid and uniform germination of seeds leads to the successful establishment of plants. The use of nanoscale materials can help germinate faster seeds. Therefore, in this study, the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles in concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 mg / l on the rate and speed of seed germination of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. paid. This design was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications for 20 days at a constant temperature of 20°C under 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness at the Germinator of Natural Resources Faculty of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The results showed that germination percentage of treated seeds with TiO2 nanoparticles increased to 23% ppm compared to control treatment. Also, in other concentrations of other nanoparticles, there was a positive effect on speed and germination percentage, so that the effect of different concentrations of nanoparticles on germination characteristics of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. seeds was significant. The highest germination percentage was observed in the concentration of 30 ppm and the lowest germination rate at 30 and 20 ppm concentrations. In high concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles, no positive effects were observed on the germination characteristics of seed Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. To conclude the use of TiO2 nanoparticles can be improved by improving the seed germination properties of the medicinal plant Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. that cause increases plant’s establishment in natural areas.

The Effect of High Concentrations of Ethylene on Seed Germination of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Borno ◽  
Iain E. P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Concentrations

Stratified, imbibed Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seeds were exposed to 100% ethylene for times between 0 and 366 h. Germination rate and germination percentage were increased by treatments up to 48 h. The 12-h treatment gave largest stimulation; 30% enhancement of final germination percentage over control. Treatment for 96 h caused increased germination rate for the first 5 days but reduced the germination percentage. Germinants were subject to continuous exposure to atmospheres containing 0.1 – 200 000 ppm ethylene in air, but it did not stimulate growth, and the gas was inhibitory above 100 ppm. Although some effects of high concentrations of ethylene may have been due to the lowering of oxygen supplies, this alone was insufficient to account for the full inhibitory effect. The mechanism of stimulation by short-term exposure to ethylene is discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Osmopriming on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Characteristics of Carum carvi L.

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Iman Mirmazloum ◽  
Attila Kiss ◽  
Éva Erdélyi ◽  
Márta Ladányi ◽  
Éva Zámboriné Németh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

Two experiments (in Petri dishes and in soil) were conducted to investigate the effects of osmopriming on seed germination and the early seedling characteristics of caraway (Carum carvi L. var. annua). The priming treatments in the Petri dish experiment were: polyethylene glycol (5%, 10% and 20%), KNO3 (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and KCL (1%, 2% and 4%) with three different soaking times (12, 24 and 36 h) along with control (non-primed seeds). Only polyethylene glycol and H2O were applied in the cell tray experiment, which were then compared with the non-primed seeds. In the Petri dish experiment, all three priming reagents significantly enhanced seedling length, with the most effective treatments being 5% PEG, 2% KNO3 and 1% KCL for 12 h. The plumule dry weights were also increased significantly after PEG (20% for 36 h), KNO3 (2% for 24 and 36 h) and KCL (1% for 12 h) treatments in comparison with the control. In the soil experiment, osmopriming with PEG significantly improved the germination rate (GR) and percentage, the plumule dry and fresh weights and the plumule length of caraway seedlings when compared with the control. A 23% higher germination percentage was recorded for the seeds treated with 5% PEG for 24 h as compared with the non-primed seeds. The PEG-primed seeds produced significantly longer seedlings when treated with 5% PEG for 24 h. All of the applied PEG treatments significantly enhanced the plumule fresh and dry weights, with the best outcomes being after 5% PEG (24 h) and 10% PEG (36 h) treatments, respectively. The 12-h hydro-priming also significantly enhanced all of the studied germination parameters when compared to the control. The results of the presented experiments show the significant positive effects of seed priming on caraway germination and how early seedling performance can easily be adopted by producers.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity on seed germination of some tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Getachew Shumye Adilu ◽  
Yohannes Gedamu Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
And Control

Salinity adversely affects 20-30% of the irrigated area in the world. Tomato is sensitive to salinity. It is one of the most severe abiotic factors of many agricultural crops and it becoming the main problem in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels on the seed germination parameters of tomato varieties. It was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The treatment included four tomato varieties (Sirinka, Weyno, ARP D2, and Roma VF) and five salinity levels (1 dS m-1, 2 dS m-1, 3 dS m-1, 4 dS m-1, and control). Fifty seeds were placed in a Petri dish over a moistened germination paper for germination and seedlings and allowed to grow for 14 days. The germination rate, speed and energy of tomato seeds were significantly (p < 0.001) affected by the combined effect of variety and salinity. The shortest mean germination time, the highest mean germination rate, and the highest speed of germination were recorded in the ARP D2 variety in the control treatment. The lowest first and last days of germination, and the uncertainty of germination were recorded from ARP D2. However, an increase in the days of germination and in the uncertainty of germination, and a decrease in the germination index and total germination percentage trends were observed with increasing salinity levels. The highest level of salinity (4 dS m-1) affected the germination of tomato varieties. Among the four tested tomato varieties, ARP D2 and Roma VF were tolerant to salinity.

scholarly journals Exposure to Ultraviolet (UV-C) Radiation Increases Germination Rate of Maize (Zea maize L.) and Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris) Seeds

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouria Sadeghianfar ◽  
Meisam Nazari ◽  
Gunter Backes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Radicle Length

This study investigated the effect of ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation on the germination percentage, germination rate, radicle length, and plumule length of maize and sugar beet seeds. The experiment was implemented in six replicates of 30 seeds per replicate and in sterilized petri dishes under laboratory conditions. Treatments included UV-C (254 nm) radiation exposure durations of 0 min (control), 30 min, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h. The UV-C radiation treatments did not significantly affect the germination percentage of the seeds (p < 0.05). However, the seeds germination rate was significantly affected by the UV-C radiation treatments. The treatments of 8 h and 12 h exposure duration led to the highest seed germination rates in maize and sugar beet, respectively. Lowest seed germination rates belonged to the controls. The radicle length of maize seeds was significantly affected by the UV-C radiation treatments, but the treatments did not significantly affect the radicle length of sugar beet seeds. The 12 h exposure to UV-C radiation treatment resulted in the largest radicle in maize, which was 2.08 cm larger than the radicle of the control seeds. The UV-C radiation treatments had a statistically significant effect on the plumule length of maize and sugar beet seeds. The treatment 8 h UV-C exposure duration led to the largest plumule in maize and sugar beet, which were 0.32 cm and 0.83 cm larger than the plumule of the control seeds, respectively. Breaking down the seed coat and increasing the temperature by UV-C radiation are potential reasons for the observed positive effects.

Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽  
Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽  
Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽  
Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽  
Artemio Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

Temperature Effect on Seed Germination Performance of a Local Variety of Onion in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
IRANI KHATUN ◽  
RIYAD HOSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Optimum Range ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Local Farmers

Seed germination performance test of Taherpuri onion (a local variety of onion) under six different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C) was the main goal of this experiment. Germination percentage (GP) was calculated at highest 60.25% at 25°C, and the highest germination rate 20.08 was observed in the same temperature condition. The lowest germination performance (13.25 % germi-nation and 3.32 seeds per day as germination rate) was found at 40°C temperature. Finally, the authors mentioned the temperature 20 to 30°C as optimum range, and suggested the temperature 25°C as best suited for obtaining highest results in case of both germination percentage and germination rate of these seeds. To produce maximum seedlings of the local variety of onion, the mentioned temperature should be followed by the local farmers.

ENHANCING SEED GERMINATION OF FOUR CROP SPECIES USING AN ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. GOUSSOUS ◽  
N. H. SAMARAH ◽  
A. M. ALQUDAH ◽  
M. O. OTHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Us ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Parallel Tests

SUMMARYA laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effect of ultrasound (US) treatment on seed germination of chickpea, wheat, pepper and watermelon. All tests were carried out at 40 kHz in a water bath ultrasonic device varying two factors, treatment duration (5, 10, 15, 30, 45 or 60 min) and germination temperature (15 or 20 °C). Parallel tests were run in which seeds were soaked in water without sonication in order to eliminate the effect of water from US test results. The effects of US on seed germination varied between crops and were more obvious on germination speed, expressed as germination rate index (GRI), rather than on germination percentage (GP). In particular, US treatment significantly increased the GRI of chickpeas, wheat and watermelon, resulting in a maximum increase of 133% (at 45 min), 95% (30 min) and 45% (5 min), respectively, above control seeds. The beneficial effects of US on the GRI of these crops were observed at both 15 and 20 °C, suggesting that US treatment offers a practical priming method to overcome the slow germination that may occur at low temperatures. Water-soaking treatment improved the GP of both chickpea and pepper seeds by 59 and 24%, respectively, compared to the control but neither water nor US had any positive effect on pepper GRI. Post-treatment measurement of moisture content of these seeds produced variable results depending on crop species and US treatment duration. Results of this research indicated that US treatment effectively enhanced speed of germination of chickpea, wheat and watermelon seeds. This increase in speed of germination may improve early field establishment of these crops in the semiarid Mediterranean region and thus needs further investigation. The US technique may also be very useful for plant propagators in nurseries to achieve fast seedling establishment of watermelon.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of aqueous Pachyrhizus erosus L. extracts on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Jaqueline de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Adriana Cologni Salvalaggio ◽  
Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa ◽  
Márcia de Moraes Echer
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tuberous Root ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pachyrhizus Erosus ◽  
Dry Biomass

ABSTRACT Allelopathy contributes to the sustainable management of weeds in growing areas, due to its ability to inhibit the development of weed species. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Pachyrhizus erosus extract on Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa germination. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor corresponded to the plant portion (shoot and tuberous root), the second to the extract preparation method (water at room temperature and boiling) and the third to the extract concentrations (0 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 %). Phytochemical analyses were performed to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. The variables germination percentage, germination rate index and dry biomass decreased with increasing aqueous extract concentrations for both E. heterophylla and B. pilosa. When applied a P. erosus crude shoot extract (boiling), decreases of 18 % and 92 % were observed in the E. heterophylla and B. pilosa germination, respectively, with a decrease of 91 % in the dry biomass of E. heterophylla seedlings. The tuberous root extract (boiling), on the other hand, reduced the germination percentages for E. heterophylla and B. pilosa in 18 % and 80 %, respectively. The phytochemical evaluation indicated the presence of flavonoids, coumarins and saponins in the shoot and tuberous root extracts, while tannins were only observed in the shoot extract. Thus, it can be concluded that P. erosus extracts display an allelopathic effect on the weed species evaluated.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Priming Treatments on Seed Germination Properties, Yield Components and Grain Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk TOKLU
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Positive Effects

An experiment was conducted under laboratory and field conditions in order to evaluate the effects of different priming treatments, specifically KNO3 (1%), KCl (2%), KH2PO4 (1%), ZnSO4 (0.05%), PEG-6000 (20%), IBA (100 ppm), Mannitol (4%), GA3 (100 ppm) and distilled water, on seed germination properties and several agro-morphological plant characteristics of red lentil. Seeds not primed were used as a control. GA3 treatment increased shoot length. The control (non-primed seeds) treatment resulted in increased seedling root number and length. Distilled water, ZnSO4 and control treatments increased germination rate and percentage. In the pot experiments, GA3 treatment increased plant height and seedling emergence rate, whereas KCl treatment improved the number of nodules, as well as root and shoot dry weight when compared to the control. ZnSO4 treatment increased yield components and grain yield in field conditions. The results of this study showed that ZnSO4, GA3 and PEG-6000 seed priming treatments may be useful tools due to their positive effects on germination rate, germination percentage, yield component and grain yield of lentil.

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