scholarly journals Holding Area Conceptual Design and Validation for Various Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Operations: A Case Study in Seoul–GyungIn Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10707
Author(s):  
Youngjae Lee ◽  
Junseok Lee ◽  
Jae-Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Operating Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The World ◽  
Turning Radius ◽  
Bad Weather

As populations become concentrated in cities, traffic congestion increases, and urban air mobility (UAM) is being considered to face this problem. Accordingly, many institutions and companies around the world are developing UAM vehicles, building infrastructure, and researching flight operating systems. In this study, three holding area concepts have been designed that can control air traffic flows and avoid bad weather conditions when UAM vehicles are operating. These holding areas have been considered to allow UAM vehicles to fly by avoiding collisions with other UAM vehicles or structures such as buildings. After validating the turning radius analysis with existing aircraft, a case study on the holding area concept design for the Seoul–GyungIn area was performed to determine whether UAM vehicles can turn within a narrow radius. It was not possible for winged-type UAM vehicles to turn across the Han River at cruise speed. The holding area concepts and the turning procedure of this study can be used as guidelines when designing UAM corridors or UAM flight routes.

Smart and Connected Cities Through Technologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrushali Gajanan Kadam ◽  
Sharvari Chandrashekhar Tamane ◽  
Vijender Kumar Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Crowd Sensing ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Mobile Crowd

The world is growing and energy conservation is a very important challenge for the engineering domain. The emergence of smart cities is one possible solution for the same, as it claims that energy and resources are saved in the smart city infrastructure. This chapter is divided into five sections. Section 1 gives the past, present, and future of the living style. It gives the representation from rural, urban, to smart city. Section 2 gives the explanations of four pillars of big data, and through grid, a big data analysis is presented in the chapter. Section 3 started with the case study on smart grid. It comprises traffic congestion and their prospective solution through big data analytics. Section 4 starts from the mobile crowd sensing. It discusses a good elaboration on crowd sensing whereas Section 5 discusses the smart city approach. Important issues like lighting, parking, and traffic were taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Optimization of Flight Rescheduling Problem under Carbon Tax

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5576
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Kammoun ◽  
Sadok Turki ◽  
Nidhal Rezg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Air Capacity

The flight rescheduling problem is one of the major challenges of air traffic issue. Unforeseen bad weather conditions stimulate air traffic congestion and make the initial scheduling infeasible, resulting in significant economic losses for passengers and airlines. Furthermore, due to rigorous environmental legislations, flight rescheduling becomes a more complicated problem, as it has to deal with flight delays on the one hand, and carbon emissions on the other hand. In this paper, we address the flight rescheduling problem with an environmental requirement subject to the air capacity limitation due to bad weather conditions. A new strategy is proposed to minimize the disruption effects on planned flights, which adopted ground delay, longer route change, flight cancellation, as well speed adjustment to arrive at a scheduled time. Firstly, the objective of this study is to determine the economical flights plan in line with the new available air capacity. Secondly, by considering the environmental impact of the kerosene consumption, we illustrate the contribution of an economical decision to aircraft emissions. Experiment results are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed strategies and genetic algorithm as the used optimization method. Furthermore, the impacts of carbon tax and cost of arrival delay on the flights carbon emissions are studied.

scholarly journals An economic feasibility study for the production of apple cider vinegar in Lattakia Governorate – Syria: دراسة الجدوى الاقتصادية لإنتاج خل التفاح في محافظة اللاذقية – سورية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 125-110
Author(s):  
Nour Ahmad Fadel, Ibrahim Hamdan Saker Nour Ahmad Fadel, Ibrahim Hamdan Saker
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Bad Weather

The presence of an excess of the apple crop, and the increasing problem of its marketing in case the season is exposed to bad weather conditions, makes the best solution to confront this problem by manufacturing apple cider vinegar, as the apple cider vinegar manufacturing project emerges as an important model for the application of small agricultural projects in Syria, during the next stage, so the aim of the research To study the economic feasibility of a project to manufacture apple cider vinegar in apple- growing areas within Lattakia Governorate in Syria. To achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive approach and the case study approach were used to study the hypotheses of the study, the most important of which is the existence of an economic feasibility for the manufacture of apple cider vinegar, or the lack of feasibility. The investor is 47.53%, based on production costs, 115.03%, while the profitability coefficient based on the invested capital is 44.49%, and for production costs, 107.67%, and the recovery time of the invested capital is 1.37 years. That is, this project, which achieves an added value, especially for apples that are not suitable for marketing, concludes the research with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is that it should work to encourage agricultural investors to enter this field by providing loans through village banks, development or small projects, and securing a market exchange. for their products, and opening new markets, especially in the field of export.

scholarly journals Car Following Behaviours on Multilane Highways in Kuwait: A Case Study on Road 40 during Winter Season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Alenzi ◽  
◽  
Sitti Asmah Hassan ◽  
Othman Che Puan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
The Impact

The car following behaviour of a driver is the process of following the drivers to create an adjustment in the leading vehicle behaviour. In a condition, where the traffic volume is in a free-flowing situation, the selection of vehicles speed is typically limited by some factors such as weather conditions, lighting, and road geometry features. This study aims to investigate the effects of climates on driver’s car following behaviour and speed flow relationships for highways in Kuwait. The case study was conducted at Road 40 in Kuwait using RTMS Sx-300 device which is known as a radar device particularly used for monitoring traffic. The data was gathered between the periods from 29th December 2018 to 5th January 2019 within winter. MATLAB code was written to analyse and classify the gathered data. Then, the models were built using R-software. The study depicts that nearly 24.87% of the vehicles move between 60 km/h and 69 km/hour. Additionally, the vehicles were segmented according to their types i.e., Truck, Small, Medium and Large Sized Cars, in order to find the impact of following pattern on the vehicle average. It has been found that no significant association remains amidst the type of following pattern and the headway. Ultimately, a liner regression of data was developed to calculate a liner equation that shows the average headway as an element of speed for sixteen diverse following patterns. It has been recognized that an association could be supposed in medium-sized and small-sized vehicles. It has been observed that headway average could be placed in a linear equation for large, medium, and small as well as truck vehicles. It is worthy to denote that when data is bigger, the exactitude of a study enhances. Findings from each model of liner regression has more than 80% confidence level. The models of regression are deliberated as statistically significant where, the R (square) figures lies amidst 0.99 till 0.6. As per the findings, speed is the key influencing factor for headway value. The type of car does affect headway with drivers behind Heavy Good Vehicles and cars at the similar speed. According to the data, cars are identified to keep more headway when behind Heavy Good Vehicles in contrast with when behind other cars. These results will help the drivers to understand their behaviour that are associated with car crashes. Thus, increase road safety awareness and reduce traffic congestion in Kuwait.

Smart and Connected Cities Through Technologies

2022 ◽  
pp. 1113-1131
Author(s):  
Vrushali Gajanan Kadam ◽  
Sharvari Chandrashekhar Tamane ◽  
Vijender Kumar Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Crowd Sensing ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Mobile Crowd

The world is growing and energy conservation is a very important challenge for the engineering domain. The emergence of smart cities is one possible solution for the same, as it claims that energy and resources are saved in the smart city infrastructure. This chapter is divided into five sections. Section 1 gives the past, present, and future of the living style. It gives the representation from rural, urban, to smart city. Section 2 gives the explanations of four pillars of big data, and through grid, a big data analysis is presented in the chapter. Section 3 started with the case study on smart grid. It comprises traffic congestion and their prospective solution through big data analytics. Section 4 starts from the mobile crowd sensing. It discusses a good elaboration on crowd sensing whereas Section 5 discusses the smart city approach. Important issues like lighting, parking, and traffic were taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Introducing the RZ model for definition and optimization of the boundary of low emission zones

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-532
Author(s):  
Shahab Kabiri ◽  
Mansour Hajihosseinlou ◽  
Shabnam Kabiri
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Total Vehicle ◽  
Mega Cities

Abstract Poor urban air quality is one of the most pressing environmental problems, and the rapid growth in the number of motor vehicles is a major contributor to it. To tackle this problem, low emission zones (LEZs) were introduced and they have been applied in many of the mega cities around the world. Yet, a scientific approach to design the boundaries of LEZs is missing. This study develops an innovative model to address this gap, using total vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) as the basis. The model allows defining and/or optimizing the LEZ boundaries. It is applied for the Tehran metropolitan area, as a case study, and the results show the optimality of the existing LEZ boundaries; however, they challenge the efficiency of the proposed policies on modifying current boundaries.

scholarly journals A Case Study on Pathao: Technology Based Solution to Dhaka’s Traffic Congestion Problem

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
G M Wali Ullah ◽  
Ashraful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Ride Sharing ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Taxi Service ◽  
Motorcycle Taxi ◽  
The City

This case details the founding of Bangladeshi logistics and ride-sharing company Pathao, solving the traffic congestion and transportation issues of the eighth most populated city of the world, Dhaka. Founded by entrepreneurs Hussain M. Elius, Fahim Saleh and Adnan Shifat in 2015, Pathao broadly operates under two primary areas—delivery and logistics service; and, motorcycle taxi service. It has established broad operations spread throughout the country and was able to differentiate themselves from competitors using an innovative idea to tackle the traffic problem in the city and by leveraging technology to streamline its operations. The case gives an overview of logistics and transport scenario in Bangladesh through the lens of the start-up. It depicts the challenges related to starting a new company; identifying, creating and interacting with the market; securing intellectual property rights, and developing a business model in a developing country.

scholarly journals Transportation Structure Analysis Using SD-MOP in World Modern Garden City: A Case Study in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuping Xu ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Liming Yao
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
System Development ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Garden City ◽  
City Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The World

The idea of the “garden city” was developed theoretically to offer solutions to serious city development problems such as traffic congestion, population, and environmental pollution, among which the transportation is considered the most important. The question is how to develop balanced transportation in a garden city. Transportation is a complex system, particularly in a garden city. Therefore, we establish a new approach named the transportation multiobjective optimization system dynamics  (SD-MOP) model, which firstly calculates the optimal proportion of different transport means with an MOP approach and then applies them to the dynamic transportation system to analyze the results and analyze the influence on the whole system using different transportation means variation. In this paper, we take Chengdu as an example, one of the few cities in the world declared as building a garden city, and then develop some recommendations about world modern garden city transportation system development.

A stochastic-programming approach for scheduling catch-up rounds in round-robin sport leagues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiajie Yi ◽  
Dries Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Programming ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fair Ranking ◽  
English Premier League

Abstract In most sport leagues, a schedule is announced before the start of the season. However, due to unexpected events (e.g. bad weather conditions), some games cannot be played on the announced date. To handle this, before the start of the season, empty so-called catch-up rounds are positioned in the schedule as a buffer. During the season, games can then be rescheduled to these catch-up rounds. We develop a two-stage stochastic programming approach to determine where to position the catch-up rounds in order to maintain the quality of the realized schedule. While our method is generally applicable, we demonstrate its use with soccer. Scenarios and their probabilities are deduced from historical data from 10 major European soccer leagues. We study the impact of the number of catch-up rounds and costs on the positions of catch-up rounds and compare our method with other proactive strategies from the literature. We conclude with a case study based on the English Premier League. In particular when many games cannot be played as planned and few catch-up rounds are available, our stochastic programming approach outperforms existing methods with respect to maintaining a fair ranking and avoiding cancelled games.

scholarly journals A New Design Criterion to Improve the Intact Stability of Galician Small Fishing Vessels

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Jesús Alvite-Castro ◽  
José A. Orosa ◽  
Diego Vergara ◽  
Ángel M. Costa ◽  
Rebeca Bouzón
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Stability Criteria ◽  
Technical Factor ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Intact Stability ◽  
The World ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Metacentric Height

The first technical factor involved in maritime accidents is related to the lack of intact stability. The current stability criterion, based on fixing a minimum value for each of the different static and dynamic righting arms, is not regarded as satisfactory. Correspondingly, a new criterion based on the transverse metacentric height, dynamic stability up to 70° heel, and critical wave height were considered for fishing vessels less than or equal to 24 m in length. This can be understood as an improvement on the Rahola criterion or an equivalent criterion of dead ship capsize mode, as assumed in the second-generation stability criteria. The proposed criterion, when used in a real case study on the Galician fishing grounds, achieved higher precision. The few vessels that did not comply with the proposed requirement can continue to operate in the area if the Meteorological and Oceanographic Coefficient (CMO) is considered at the time we employ our criteria. As a result, their activity is limited to only a few fishing grounds where adequate weather conditions exist. Finally, the methodology developed can be easily extrapolated to other regions in the world.

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