scholarly journals Degradation of Oxytetracycline by Persulfate Activation Using a Magnetic Separable Iron Oxide Catalyst Derived from Hand-Warmer Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10447
Author(s):  
Youn-Jun Lee ◽  
Chang-Gu Lee ◽  
Seong-Jik Park ◽  
Eun Hea Jho
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Great Stability ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Persulfate Activation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a tetracycline antibiotic that is widely used in the drug therapy and livestock industry and may threaten human health and ecosystems when released into the environment. In this study, a catalyst was prepared from hand-warmer waste using a simple magnetic separation method. The prepared hand-warmer waste catalyst (HWWC) was used as a persulfate (PS) activator for OTC removal. Characterization methods, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, were used to investigate the crystal structure, surface morphology, and weight ratios of the elements in the HWWC. The degradation efficiency of OTC in the presence of the catalyst and PS was studied, and the radical generation mechanism of the catalyst was investigated. The removal ratio of OTC by PS activation was greater than 99% for a reaction time of 24 min at a pH of 6. The effects of the HWWC dosage, PS concentration, and solution pH on OTC degradation were also investigated. The reuse test revealed that HWWC can be reused for eight cycles with great stability. These results suggest that PS activation using hand-warmer waste can be an efficient strategy for the degradation of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Brushite from Phophogypsum Industrial Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6580-6588
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) nanoparticles, also known as brushite, are considered an important bioceramic compound. In this study, brushite was prepared from Moroccan phosphogypsum (PG) using a new sol-gel method. A two-step technique undergoes the synthesis of brushite, the preparation of anhydrite from PG followed by adding phosphoric acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The morphology, the chemical composition, and the crystallites size were obtained using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. According to the Debye-Scherrer equation, these characterization methods indicated that the synthesized brushite was highly pure according to the Ca/P ratio of 1.14 and an average crystallites size estimated at 66 nm. These results proved that the brushite was successfully synthesized from Moroccan phosphogypsum.

Mechanism of Microwave Assisted Technique Acid Leaching Coal Gangue

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Cheng Long Liu ◽  
Ju Pei Xia ◽  
Yu Chong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Leaching Methods ◽  
Related Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

The coal gangue are produced in a coal mine heap of Pan xian, Gui zhou, by using microwave assisted acid leaching methods and under certain reaction conditions, the products of different stages of acid leaching were characterized through different characterization methods like X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The related process mechanism of Microwave assisted technique acid leaching gangue was preliminarily studied by the characterization results from analyzing the products of different stages of acid leaching.

A study on materials interactions between Mo electrode and InGaZnO active layer in InGaZnO-based thin film transistors

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Park ◽  
Chee-Hong An ◽  
Byung-Il Hwang ◽  
Hoo-Jeong Lee ◽  
Hyoungsub Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study examined the degradation of the device performance of InGaZnO4 (IGZO)-based thin-film transistors after annealing at high temperatures in air ambient. Using various characterization methods including scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy, we were able to disclose the details of a two-stage phase transformation that led to the device performance degradation. The Mo electrodes first succumbed to oxidation at moderate temperatures (400∼500 °C) and then the Mo oxide further reacted with IGZO to produce an In–Mo–O compound with some Ga at higher temperatures (600∼700 °C). We analyzed our results based on the thermodynamics and kinetics data available in the literature and confirmed that our findings are in agreement with the experimental results.

Effect of Sintering Time and Heating Rate on the Structure of LiFePO4/C Prepared by Electrospinning

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 797-800
Author(s):  
Chang Huan Zhang ◽  
Yin Zheng Liang ◽  
Yi Ping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Scanning Electron

The electrospinning combined with the sintering process were used to prepare carbon-coated lithium iron phosphates (LiFePO4/C) cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIB). In sintering process, different procedures were used to synthesize the LiFePO4/C composite materials. The effect of the sintering time and heating rate on the structure, surface morphology and carbon content of LiFePO4/C composite materials were investigated by wide angel X-ray diffraction (WXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and elemental analysis (EA) techniques. It has better structure when the sintering process is as follows: heating rate is 2 oC min-1 and pre-oxidized time is 3h at 280 oC and carbonized time is 8h at 700 oC.

Study of the Effect of Aging on Precipitation in Wire Drawn and Annealed Aluminum Alloy (AGS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 397 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Bayarassou ◽  
F. Baira ◽  
Mosbah Zidani ◽  
T. Djimaoui ◽  
Kamel Fedaoui
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the study of precipitation reaction in the aluminum alloy known as AGS 6101. For the case of Cold drawn wires process in the open air space and at room temperature for two years, we inspect first the presence of precipitates in the microstructure and study the effect of heat treatment on the activation of this phenomenon [1]. The second objective of this work is to see the effect of natural and thermal aging on the microstructural evolution of cold-drawn aluminum wires (AGS) 6101 [2-5]. The characterization methods used in this work are optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction.

Effects of Solvent on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of ZrSiO4 Film

2015 ◽  
Vol 1104 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Fang Cao ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Wei Hui Jiang ◽  
Jian Min Liu ◽  
Jian Rui Zha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zirconium Tetrachloride ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Great Stability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Zirconium Silicate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zirconium silicate thin film was prepared via a novel non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) process at low temperature using zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursors. The phase composition and the microstructure of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results demonstrate that pure ZrSiO4 film can be synthesized by using ethanol and isopropanol as solvent rather than dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl nylon acid (DBE) which cause impurity ZrO2. However, only ethanol can achieved smooth and dense ZrSiO4 film. The viscosity results suggest that the sol with ethanol has great stability. With a pulling rate of 1.0 mm s-1, a high quality ZrSiO4 film was prepared after drying at 50 oC for 2 h and calcination at 850 °C with a heating rate of 1.0 °C min-1.

Effects of Annealing Temperature on Crystallization Feature of BaSi2 Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Zheng Tong Hao ◽  
Zi Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Annealing Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sputtering System

The pure barium is used as target to deposit Ba films on p-Si(111) substrates by magnetron sputtering system, then the films as-deposited are subsequently annealed by annealing furnace with various temperature. The crystal structure, surface morphology and electricity property of the films annealed are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and Hall-effect instrument, respectively. The results show the annealing temperature favoring orthorhombic BaSi2film growth is about 800°C.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

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